长输管道粘弹体防腐补口方法应用

文中通过粘弹体防腐胶带与热收缩压敏带复合结构在唐山LNG外输管道工程中的应用,介绍了粘弹体加热收缩压敏带复合补口结构的施工方法和检测方法,对这种补口方法现场出现的问题进行分析解决,并将该补口方法与传统的热收缩套补口方法进行了对比,分析2种补口方法的优缺点,得出了比较结果,提出了对粘弹体结构的建议。     

中俄东线管道热收缩带补口防腐层施工技术

文中分析热收缩带各施工程序,结合中俄东线项目讨论了热收缩带补口施工的质量控制关键点和应重点关注的施工技术,提出了热收缩带补口施工过程中各风险因素的识别和相应的控制措施。     

大口径管道中频加热设备

针对大口径长输管道热收缩带补口施工中人工火焰加热造成的管体加热不均匀、保温时间短等缺陷,设计了一套基于PLC控制的中频加热设备。该设备能够实现管道加热过程程控化,保证管体加热的均匀性。试验证明:基于PLC控制的中频加热设备能够提高热缩带补口质量和施工效率,延长管道的有效使用期限,保障长输管道防腐质量。     

在役3PE管道补口修复技术研究

针对在役3PE管道热收缩带补口失效修复问题,提出了3PE管道补口修复材料的选择原则。对采用热收缩带、热烤压敏胶带、粘弹体胶带、冷缠胶带、液体聚氨酯涂料、无溶剂液态环氧涂料进行补口修复进行了可行性分析。选用热烤压敏胶带、粘弹体胶带、冷缠胶带、液体聚氨酯涂料、无溶剂液态环氧涂料在高温、常温及低温在役管道进行了现场修复试验,通过对修复点的跟踪开挖测试,得到了在役3PE管道补口修复适用技术。     

埋地钢质管道熔结环氧粉末外防腐层补口方法比较

根据“钢质管道熔结环氧粉末外涂层技术标准”SY／T0315－97的规定，现场补口宜采用与管体相同的熔结环氧粉末涂料进行热喷涂。但是，通过现场应用及几次补口招标演示，采用熔结环氧粉末涂料进行热喷涂，补口质量很难达到设计要求。为解决熔结环氧粉末外涂层补口问题，在不同的工程中，又采用了无溶剂液态环氧涂料和热收缩套等补口材料进行现场补口。本文对目前国内采用的埋地钢质管道熔结环氧粉末外防腐层三种补口方法的优缺点及经济因素进行了分析，比较。     

机械化补口冬季低温环境下适应性施工技术研究

根据中俄原油管道二线机械化补口技术质量要求,开展机械化补口冬季低温环境下适应性施工技术研究。通过现场试验研究分析,总结出管道补口部位加热温度上升及下降变化规律,确定了现场施工工艺参数,优化了防腐补口工艺规程。中俄原油管道二线第一、四标段优先采用了机械化补口工艺进行3LPE补口,经冬季施工验证,补口施工效率和补口质量得到有效提高。     

长输管道补口结构的微波无损检测应用

文中采用微波无损检测技术对某新建长输管道补口结构进行检测与验证,在微波检测频率下,补口粘接不良会导致其材料介电性能改变,微波检测结果中的灰度值很好地表征了粘接不良缺陷。微波无损检测技术可作为补口质量检测的有效方法,实现补口结构及粘接质量的非破坏性检测与评价。     

埋地钢质管道补口材料的优化研究

针对目前管道建设中应用的几种主要防腐层补口材料的 9种基本性能 ,采用权重系数法进行了优化 ,计算出几种主要防腐层补口材料的s值 ,认为其s值为 0 9以上的补口技术成熟 ,s值小于 0 9的补口材料还需要进一步研究 ;根据优化结果确定了单层FBE、双层FBE、煤焦油瓷漆、三层PE防腐层各自比较适宜的补口材料。单层FBE和双层FBE针对熔结FBE和液体环氧而言 ,补口技术比较成熟 ;煤焦油瓷漆和三层PE防腐层针对热收缩套补口材料而言 ,其补口技术还不成熟 ,有待进一步研究。     

不易维修管段补口热收缩带的选择

文中分析了国内外热收缩带质量差异的原因及后果,介绍了美国瑞侃(Raychem)公司、加拿大卡努沙(Canusa)公司产品实际试用的情况。在技术经济对比的基础上,确定定向钻管段补口应选用进口的定向钻专用热收缩带,顶管段、水下段和大开挖管段补口最好也选择进口的通用热收缩带。     

内补口车在钢管内防腐层补口施工中的应用

大口径管道防腐层一般采用人工补口方法施工,存在施工效率低、质量缺陷多及受限空间施工安全风险大等问题.文中主要介绍了在钢管内防腐补口施工中采用内补口车替代人工补口的施工技术.设备调试、定位、通过性及质量控制是施工中的技术难点,施工中通过参数调整、视频定位、使用专有的机械设计、合理施加外力及采用过程中监控等技术方案顺利解决...     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

盾构隧道管片接头抗剪力学性能研究

通过对南京长江盾构隧道环向管片接头进行的三组原型抗剪(无螺栓剪切、有螺栓逆剪和有螺栓顺剪)加载试验,分析研究了管片接头在剪力作用下的受力、变形和破坏特征,给出了管片接头混凝土接触面的静摩擦系数,得到了接头剪力主要由混凝土接触面承担、破坏形式为连接斜螺栓剪切延性破坏的结论。通过对管片结构的有限元数值模拟计算得出:接头处的剪力与轴力比小于接缝面的摩擦系数,管片不会发生相互错动,结构是稳定的。     

混合动力列车的应用前景展望

本文阐述了混合动力列车的技术特点及其相应优势与劣势,同时介绍了其在国内外的研究动向,并对其应用前景进行了展望。尽管该类新型铁道车辆的续航能力、电池寿命以及成本等相关问题目前仍有待改善,但以其对城市环境的美化作用与优越的舒适驾乘性能,以及高效节能、绿色环保的显著优势,依然不失为一类充满前景的新型轨道交通运输方式。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

Evaluation of pedestrian crosswalk level of service (LOS) in perspective of type of land-use

In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

超声导波技术在压力管道腐蚀检测的应用研究

在传统的管道腐蚀检测技术中,一般采用逐点测量管壁厚度的方法检测管道的局部腐蚀,无法实现管道的全面检测,并且无法对占压、跨越、穿越和未开挖等处的地埋管道进行腐蚀检测。目前,导波技术在国内外压力管道腐蚀检测中得到了广泛的应用,在解决了上述问题的同时,此项技术在应用过程遇到了一些技术难题,特别是管道缺陷信号的提取和辨识。文中介绍了管道导波检测的基本原理和导波应用的案例。