车辆半主动悬架系统及其控制技术

本文系统介绍了半主动悬架的研究进展,主要类型及控制原理,分析了半主动悬架控制技术,探讨了半主动悬架未来的研发趋势。     

悬架固有特性对车辆舒适性影响的分析与优化

基于车辆动力学理论与方法，以车辆悬架系偏频特性及其相关参数为分析变量，依据平顺性要求对前后悬架的匹配关系进行分析探讨。建立适用于车辆行驶中与平顺性相关的基本分析模型，模型中以垂向振动频率和俯仰振动频率为评价指标。分析中将车身视为缸体，针对空载、满载等工况、分析不同条件时匹配的条件以及匹配参数的大致范围。依据所建模型与相关分析，对某款国产车辆的前后悬架系的偏频进行分析优化匹配。优化结果和实验结果相比较，说明了所用方法与结论具有一定的实用价值。     

关于车辆电控悬架系统的研究

车辆悬架系统是保证车辆操纵稳定性和舒适性的重要部件,电子控制悬架系统相对传统被动悬架系统能大幅度提高车辆的上述性能。在对电子控制悬架系统做了相关研究的基础上,介绍了电子控制悬架系统的功能和类型,分析了它的基本工作原理,着重论述以现代控制理论为核心的电控悬架系统的控制方法。     

多种加速工况下车辆悬架系统非平稳随机振动特性研究

文章研究了车辆在多种加速工况下受到路面的非平稳随机激励,以及因此产生的非平稳随机振动响应特性。利用协方差等效法和滤波白噪声法建立车辆在不同加速度下所受到的道路激励模型,采用精细积分法求解1/4车辆模型在不同激励下车轮与车身的垂向加速度响应。结果表明,车辆通过同一等级路面时,路面非平稳激励、车身和车轮垂向加速度均会随行驶加速度的增加而呈现不同比例的增大。     

特种车辆底盘悬架系统与整车匹配平顺性研究

从悬架系统与整车匹配提升车辆平顺性研究角度出发,给出匹配过程推导方法.并以某全驱危险品运输车为研究对象,在满足整车悬架结构及功能要求前提下,用提出的推导方法验证悬架设计与整车底盘匹配度.并针对特种车辆底盘设计给出悬架与整车平顺性设计评价标准,为提升特种车辆平顺性研究提供指导.     

重型越野车辆油气悬架的设计

由于油气悬架具有能提高车辆在非公路路面上的行驶平顺性的良好特性，愈来愈广泛地运用在大型工矿用自卸车和军用越野车辆上。介绍了油气悬架的特点。因内外的应用状况，油气弹簧及悬架的数学模型和设计研究方法，以及设计中的一些特殊问题。     

基于舒适性和轮胎动载的车辆悬架参数优化

为了改善汽车行驶的舒适性并减小轮胎对路面的动载，以某载货汽车为研究对象，建立了多目标优化模型，并采用统一目标函数法对车辆悬架参数进行优化。优化结果表明：优化后悬架刚度减小而阻尼增大，且前悬架参数变化较小，后悬架参数变化较大；相比于优化前，车身垂直方向加速度均方根值减小了20％，前轮动栽均方根值减小了40％，后轮变化更显著，减小了49％；采用多目标优化设计方法不仅可提高车辆自身的舒适性，而且可减小轮胎对路面的动载。     

汽车悬架系统性能指标的影响因素分析

汽车悬架系统的性能直接影响汽车的行驶平顺性.文中以1/4汽车双质量悬架系统为对象,确定其3个性能指标目标函数;基于数学软件Mathematica生成目标函数的3D曲面图和数值表,显示出目标函数的变化趋势;分析悬架参数对目标函数的影响,研究悬架系统性能指标目标函数的变化规律,从而针对不同车型选择不同的悬架参数匹配,指导参...     

Off-Road Vehicle Dynamics

SUMMARY

Recent developments in off-road vehicle dynamics are reviewed. Progress on this topic and the application of new techniques to the particular problemsassociated with off-road operation tend to lag behind practices established for road vehicles.

The factor which limits further progress is the lack ofappropriate off-road tyre data, in particular, on vibrational and lateral force generation characteristics. Also, a long term study should be aimed at understanding the dynamic behaviour of tyres on yielding surfaces.     

Off-Road Vehicle Dynamics

Recent developments in off-road vehicle dynamics are reviewed. Progress on this topic and the application of new techniques to the particular problemsassociated with off-road operation tend to lag behind practices established for road vehicles.

The factor which limits further progress is the lack ofappropriate off-road tyre data, in particular, on vibrational and lateral force generation characteristics. Also, a long term study should be aimed at understanding the dynamic behaviour of tyres on yielding surfaces.     

高速水陆两栖车辆技术发展

水陆两栖汽车是既可以在陆地上行驶又可以在水面航行的车辆装备,具有广阔的应用空间和发展前景。世界上首辆水陆两栖汽车早在1940年左右就出现了,并在第二次世界大战中被广泛地应用于后勤军用物资的运输和补给,但战后其被新兴的运输艇(船)等装备所取代,其中的一个重要原因是传统的水陆两栖汽车在水上的航速只能达到约10km/h,较低的极限航速制约了其在部队和国民经济各部门中的广泛应用。     

Theoretical Analysis of a Semi Active Suspension Fitted to an Off-Road Vehicle

A theoretical analysis is presented to model a hydromechanical, semi-active suspension system, first as a single wheel station and then as fitted to each wheel of an off-road vehicle. Predicted results show that two benefits are obtained by comparison with the equivalent passive system. First, vehicle attitude is controlled for changes in body forces arising from static loads or braking/cornering inputs. Second, a significant improvement in ride comfort is obtained because low suspension stiffnesses can be used.     

越野车辆典型地形通过性建模与仿真

以某型8×8越野车辆为研究对象,对车辆的轮胎、悬架等关键模型进行了分析,得出了轮胎内压与轮胎刚度基本成线性关系的结论,建立了轮胎的粘弹性有限元模型;以多体动力学理论建立了车辆的8自由度动力学模型.对比分析了微分-代数方程组解法的优缺点,采用Gear算法实现了方程组的解算.实车试验与仿真结果对比表明,所建立的典型地形通过性仿真系统与实车测试有较好的吻合性.     

Fuzzy Logic Active and Semi-Active Control of Off-Road Vehicle Suspensions

For off-road vehicles, minimizing the absorbed power is the main objective of suspension control. The primary cause of increase in the absorbed power in off-road vehicles driven at high speeds on harsh courses is the exhaustion of the suspension travel. Fuzzy-logic approach to active and semi-active off-road vehicle suspension control, with the goal of improving the speed of the vehicle over rough terrains are developed. The ride metric used for quantifying improvements is the absorbed power of the sprung mass. Particular attention is paid to the proper modeling of the suspension using both the full kinematic constraints and the more convenient two degree of freedom linear model of the quarter vehicle suspension. The nonlinearities due to the kinematic constraints on motion are accounted for by modifying the stiffness and damping coefficients of the suspension spring and dashpot in the linear model. The control laws are developed using the less complex model and demonstrated in the fully constrained environment. Nonlinearities of the suspension, including tire stiffness/damping and bumpstops are included at all stages of controller development.     

某越野车换挡杆NVH问题的试验研究

为解决某越野车怠速换挡杆抖动问题,采用比利时LMS公司的Test.Lab振动噪声测试系统进行了换挡杆振动问题的试验研究。通过结构模态分析和振动传递路径分析找到了换挡杆振动过大的原因,提出了降低换挡杆本体橡胶衬套硬度、降低压紧弹簧刚度、改进尼龙球面垫结构等优化方案。试验结果表明,优化后换挡杆怠速振动加速度总值满足目标值要求,怠速时的换挡杆抖动问题得到改善。     

Fuzzy Logic Active and Semi-Active Control of Off-Road Vehicle Suspensions

For off-road vehicles, minimizing the absorbed power is the main objective of suspension control. The primary cause of increase in the absorbed power in off-road vehicles driven at high speeds on harsh courses is the exhaustion of the suspension travel. Fuzzy-logic approach to active and semi-active off-road vehicle suspension control, with the goal of improving the speed of the vehicle over rough terrains are developed. The ride metric used for quantifying improvements is the absorbed power of the sprung mass. Particular attention is paid to the proper modeling of the suspension using both the full kinematic constraints and the more convenient two degree of freedom linear model of the quarter vehicle suspension. The nonlinearities due to the kinematic constraints on motion are accounted for by modifying the stiffness and damping coefficients of the suspension spring and dashpot in the linear model. The control laws are developed using the less complex model and demonstrated in the fully constrained environment. Nonlinearities of the suspension, including tire stiffness/damping and bumpstops are included at all stages of controller development.     

Preview Control Algorithms for the Active Suspension of an Off-Road Vehicle

The potential performance improvement using preview control for active vehicle suspension was first recognized in the late nineteen sixties. All work done since that time has been based on optimal control theory using simple vehicle models.

In this article, the performance of quarter vehicle preview controllers when applied to a real off-road vehicle is simulated using both two degree of freedom quarter and ten degree of freedom full vehicle models. The results, which are compared with non-preview active and conventional passive suspensions, confirm that preview control reduces vertical acceleration of the body centre of gravity, which results in improved ride quality. Further, reductions in pitch and roll motion result from smaller vertical displacements of the vehicle quarters. Coupling between quarters, through the vehicle body, appears to have a smoothing effect on the control.

As an alternative to optimal control theory based controllers, a simple ad hoc preview controller based on isolating the vehicle body from dynamic loads transmitted through the suspension is proposed. Simulation results show that such a controller outperforms the optimal control theory based controllers over small discrete disturbances but responds poorly to disturbances encountered from other than steady state.     

重型越野车变刚度螺旋弹簧设计

本文根据变刚度螺旋弹簧在重型越野车上的工程应用,及其加工工艺,设计了变刚度螺旋弹簧的型式、结构及特性参数。