共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 914 毫秒
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针对未知近岸海域水上水下地形一体化测量需求,无人水面艇(Unmanned Surface Vehicle,USV)搭载导航雷达、深度计、POS MV、多波束测深仪及激光扫描仪等设备,通过设计在线地图构建及测量路径规划方法,使得USV在未知环境下自主完成地形一体化测量任务。通过离线电子海图获得待测区域初始基准地图,结合雷达、深度计等传感器实时感知的信息,采用一种基于贝叶斯估计方式的占据栅格建图方法,实现对基准地图的修正、更新,进而根据测量需求自适应调节测量路径间距。同时构建测量地图,使用基于神经元激励方法自主实现完全遍历的测量路径规划,兼顾使用A星算法避免路径规划锁死,以获得合理可行的测量路径实时规划结果。USV按照自主规划的测量路径自主航行,多波束测深仪、激光扫描仪实时测量、获取地形云数据后进行无缝拼接,完成未知近岸海域的水上水下地形一体化测量工作。 相似文献
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路径规划是无人船自主导航的核心问题。由于无人船当前位置以及目标位置的确定受到障碍物影响,最佳航行路径的获取难度较大。为此,提出基于混合蚁群算法的无人船航行路径自主规划方法。采用栅格法构建无人船工作环境模型,由上至下、由左至右的对栅格完成编号处理,划分安全区域与障碍物区域。构建无人船航行路径自主规划数学模型,设定地形与威胁、航程上限以及路径平滑度等约束条件。针对蚁群算法初始搜索效率差等问题,将其与粒子群算法相结合,提出混合蚁群算法。利用该算法求解无人船航行路径自主规划数学模型。实验结果显示,研究方法具有较高的路径规划准确性,路径长度、平均能耗及路径规划时间指标均较优。 相似文献
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《舰船科学技术》2021,43(13)
随着战争形势的无人化、多样化和跨域化发展,水下无人航行器作为各军事强国抢占水下作战域和海洋不对称作战优势的主要抓手,在未来战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用。由于海洋非结构化环境的复杂性,水下无人航行器在执行任务过程中,需能够在无人干预情况下进行系列操作和任务决策。本文针对水下无人航行器局部路径规划,提出基于速度矢量判断的改进人工势场法的避障航路规划策略,通过增加障碍物斥力场范围,强化目标点附近的引力场,优化障碍物斥力系数,并通过速度矢量判断旋转方向,使得水下无人航行器能够结合环境感知信息进行路径实时调整,最终能够达到安全快速避障。最后结合航行器流体动力与运动控制一体化仿真模型进行仿真分析,验证提出算法的有效性。 相似文献
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大范围环境下自主式水下潜器两种全局路径规划方法的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用遗传算法(GA)和A·算法对自主式水下潜器(简称AUV)在大范围海洋环境中的全局路径规划问题进行了研究.介绍了基于栅格的环境模型及其数据结构,讨论了GA的染色体编码方式、基于知识的初始种群生成方法与适应度函数,基于领域知识设计了五种遗传算子,给出了A·算法的具体实现方法.通过仿真结果可以看出:GA采用可变长编码方式使路径描述简单、清晰,具有收敛速度快、求解实际问题效率高的特点;A*算法可在较短时间内求得相对栅格优化的路径.两种算法均可满足系统实时性要求. 相似文献
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针对无人船路径规划过程中存在的规划结果所占内存较大、耗费时间较长、有较大概率生成"死区"的问题,提出基于改进A*算法的无人船路径规划方法.选取栅格法构建无人船行驶环境模型,采用A*算法确定代价函数,判断代价大小,以代价最小的节点作为下一个轨迹点,由此获取最优无人船行驶路径.为改进A*算法,利用无人船转弯半径下限、路径长... 相似文献
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在北极航道开通的背景下,针对在冰区航行环境中船舶航行路径选择的特殊性,通过改进蚁群算法提高船舶航行路径的规划效果。综合考虑航线距离、航行操作复杂度和流冰规避在内的冰区航行路径影响因素,建立路径选择多目标规划模型,结合人工势场法对蚁群算法进行改进,通过人工势场法获得初始路径和节点间距离因素构造启发信息,并以电子海图为基础建立海冰覆盖率分别为30%和50%情况下的冰区航道环境栅格模型,将算法应用在栅格模型中对算法进行验证。结果表明:该算法实现简单,规划的路径优良,能够有效地满足船舶在冰区复杂环境中航行路径规划的需要。 相似文献
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An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) must use an algorithm to plan its path to distant, mobile offshore objects. Because
of the uneven distribution of obstacles in the real world, the efficiency of the algorithm decreases if the global environment
is represented by regular grids with all of them at the highest resolution. The framed quadtree data structure is able to
more efficiently represent the environment. When planning the path, the dynamic object is expressed instead as several static
objects which are used by the path planner to update the path. By taking account of the characteristics of the framed quadtree,
objects can be projected on the frame nodes to increase the precision of the path. Analysis and simulations showed the proposed
planner could increase efficiency while improving the ability of the AUV to follow an object. 相似文献
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Obstacle avoidance becomes a very challenging task for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) in an unknown underwater environment during exploration process. Successful control in such case may be achieved using the model-based classical control techniques like PID and MPC but it required an accurate mathematical model of AUV and may fail due to parametric uncertainties, disturbance, or plant model mismatch. On the other hand, model-free reinforcement learning(RL) algorithm can be designed using actual behavior of AUV plant in an unknown environment and the learned control may not get affected by model uncertainties like a classical control approach. Unlike model-based control model-free RL based controller does not require to manually tune controller with the changing environment. A standard RL based one-step Q-learning based control can be utilized for obstacle avoidance but it has tendency to explore all possible actions at given state which may increase number of collision.Hence a modified Q-learning based control approach is proposed to deal with these problems in unknown environment.Furthermore, function approximation is utilized using neural network(NN) to overcome the continuous states and large statespace problems which arise in RL-based controller design. The proposed modified Q-learning algorithm is validated using MATLAB simulations by comparing it with standard Q-learning algorithm for single obstacle avoidance. Also, the same algorithm is utilized to deal with multiple obstacle avoidance problems. 相似文献
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《船舶与海洋工程学报》2018,(4)
Robust and efficient AUV path planning is a key element for persistence AUV maneuvering in variable underwater environments. To develop such a path planning system, in this study, differential evolution(DE) algorithm is employed. The performance of the DE-based planner in generating time-efficient paths to direct the AUV from its initial conditions to the target of interest is investigated within a complexed 3D underwater environment incorporated with turbulent current vector fields, coastal area,islands, and static/dynamic obstacles. The results of simulations indicate the inherent efficiency of the DE-based path planner as it is capable of extracting feasible areas of a real map to determine the allowed spaces for the vehicle deployment while coping undesired current disturbances, exploiting desirable currents, and avoiding collision boundaries in directing the vehicle to its destination. The results are implementable for a realistic scenario and on-board real AUV as the DE planner satisfies all vehicular and environmental constraints while minimizing the travel time/distance, in a computationally efficient manner. 相似文献
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自主式水下机器人最优路径规划问题的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
路径规划是水下机器人实现自主航行的重要环节。根据自主式水下机器人的动力学性质,路径规划的特点以及实现智能行为的要求,采用基于案例的遗传算法,实现了自主式水下机器人最优路径规划。给出该方案的基本框架和算法,在基于案例类比的学习方法中引入模糊多属性综合决策的方法建立决策算子进行案例的匹配,在遗传算法中实际知识的指导,适当地改进遗传算子,加快搜索速度。仿真结果证明该路径规划方法能够取得较好的规划结果,使自主式水下机器人具有了一定的自主导航,自主避障和自主作业的能力。 相似文献
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[目的]针对微小型欠驱动自主式水下机器人(autonomous underwater vehicle,AUV)集群控制问题,设计一种基于改进RRT^(*)算法的编队控制策略。[方法]RRT^(*)算法规划的路径陡变难以跟踪且收敛速度较慢,针对该问题提出改进方法。首先加入偏置函数使随机采样点靠近目标点,然后采用Dubins曲线平滑连接采样点,通过在可变半径范围内重新布线,并设计有关曲线长度与避障的代价函数,选择最优路径。依据代价和最小值为多AUV分配集结点,协调多AUV速度完成最小集结时间约束,随后设计基于Dubins路径的分段向量场构造方法,使得多AUV跟踪规划路径,到达目标集结点时速度与方向保持一致。[结果]仿真结果表明,多AUV编队平均路径长度缩短26.6%,平均集结时间缩短21.7%。[结论]该算法路径规划质量高,可顺利完成编队集结任务。 相似文献
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路径规划是自主式水下潜器(AUV)导航研究的重要课题,AUV可用于未知环境如海洋空间探测.在大范围海洋环境中,应用蚁群优化原理对自主式水下潜器的全局路径规划问题进行了研究.引入栅格建模方法建立了蚁群可视图模型,设计了蚁群信息素更新规则;给出了蚁群全局路径规划的操作步骤;针对蚁群规划路径不平滑问题,设计了切割算予和插点算子.仿真实验结果表明,蚁群全局规划算法非常适合于求解复杂环境中的规划问题,规划时间短、路径平滑,其原型系统可应用于非结构化无人环境监测. 相似文献