Accuracy of nonlinear finite element collapse predictions for submarine pressure hulls with and without artificial corrosion damage

Nonlinear finite element (FE) collapse pressure predictions are compared to experimental results for submarine pressure hull test specimens with and without artificial corrosion and tested to collapse under external hydrostatic pressure. The accuracy of FE models, and their sensitivity to modeling and solution procedures, are investigated by comparing FE simulations of the experiments using two different model generators and three solvers. The standard FE methodology includes the use of quadrilateral shell elements, nonlinear mapping of measured geometric imperfections, and quasi-static incremental analyses including nonlinear material and geometry. The FE models are found to be accurate to approximately 11%, with 95% confidence, regardless of the model generator and solver that is used. Collapse pressure predictions for identical FE models obtained using each of the three solvers agree within 2.8%, indicating that the choice of FE solver does not significantly affect the predicted collapse pressure. The FE predictions are found to be more accurate for corroded than for undamaged models, and neglecting the shell eccentricity that arises due to one-sided shell thinning is found to significantly decrease the resulting accuracy of the FE model.     

潜艇舷间舾装的精度分配

[目的]潜艇建造是一个多工序耦合的工艺过程,随着模块化建造模式的发展,广义的"舾装"包含了材料成型、结构建造、设备管系制造安装及涂装等全流程,在设计阶段开展潜艇舾装的精度分配顶层规划,可有效影响潜艇建造工艺过程,确保潜艇总体性能.[方法]针对潜艇舷间舾装,首先提出精度分配的流程,然后对基于尺寸链的精度分配方法的内涵及其...     

含单腐蚀和群腐蚀缺陷高强钢管道失效压力

腐蚀是引起油气管道破坏的重要原因,群腐蚀是常见的缺陷形式。文章基于非线性有限元,对单腐蚀缺陷高强钢油气管道的失效压力进行了分析,回归了单腐蚀管道失效压力计算公式,考虑群腐蚀轴向和环向未腐蚀区域的影响,提出了群腐蚀管道失效压力计算方法,给出了群腐蚀缺陷高强钢管道失效压力计算实例,并与实验结果和有限元计算结果对比分析,证明计算方法的合理性,为复杂腐蚀缺陷高强钢油气管道剩余强度评估提供了参考。     

Further study on the ultimate strength analysis of spherical pressure hulls

From a comparative study it is concluded that current design rules for the spherical pressure hull of manned submersible need to be updated and unified. In this paper, a series of spherical pressure hulls are calculated by nonlinear FEM. Based on these numerical results, the influence of critical arch length and the relationship of ultimate strength with t/R and structural imperfection are studied. Finally, empirical formulae for the ultimate strength of the titanium alloy spherical pressure hull of deep manned submersible based on numerical computations are given. The formulae can be used as the core equations to update current design rules.     

潜艇长舱段结构强度和稳定性研究

本文在消化吸收国内外潜艇长舱段结构强度和稳定性研究方法的基础上,总结出长舱段的总体失稳波形和计算方法,在此基础上应用有限元方法对长舱段结构强度和总体稳定性进行数值分析研究,揭示了长舱段结构的力学特性、结构强度和稳定性分布规律等。文中还根据总体失稳压力-框架肋骨惯性矩变化关系曲线搜索框架肋骨最优截面刚度参数,为框架肋骨结构参数选取提供技术参考。     

在随机载荷作用下用断裂力学法估算潜艇耐压壳体的疲劳寿命和裂纹尺寸

潜艇在上浮下潜的过程中承受着反复作用的由外部水压力所产生的随机载荷,耐压壳体面临着疲劳破坏。本文引入了潜艇的疲劳载荷谱,模拟了潜艇随机载荷历程,并对一次载荷历程估算了疲劳寿命;同时模拟了100次载荷历程,分别对疲劳寿命和裂纹尺寸进行了统计,结果表明裂纹的疲劳寿命符合威布尔分布,裂纹扩展尺寸服从对数正态分布。该结论与目前疲劳可靠性分析中使用的对数正态分布模型和威布尔分布模型相一致。     

耐压壳体局部腐蚀稳定性计算方法

文章提出了可以计及局部腐蚀损伤影响的等效层合单元方法,建立了局部腐蚀等效弹性模量计算公式,针对耐压壳体局部腐蚀深度、腐蚀强度、腐蚀范围和初挠度进行了系列稳定性数值计算,通过计算结果的对比分析提出了将局部腐蚀等效为附加多波挠度的稳定性近似计算方法,给出了附加挠度幅值的计算公式,可用于耐压壳体局部腐蚀的稳定性分析。     

含裂纹及腐蚀损伤FPSO结构剩余极限强度评估方法研究

裂纹及腐蚀损伤对于浮式生产储油卸油装置（FPSO）结构来说难以避免,这将削弱结构的极限强度,所以研究含裂纹及腐蚀损伤FPSO结构的剩余极限强度意义重大。目前针对裂纹及腐蚀损伤联合作用下FPSO结构剩余极限强度的研究相对欠缺,本文采用非线性有限元分析方法,研究了不同腐蚀及裂纹损伤组合形式下FPSO结构剩余极限强度的衰减规律。结果表明,腐蚀与裂纹损伤均导致极限强度线性衰减,并且腐蚀损伤对极限强度的影响远大于裂纹损伤。研究结果对FPSO结构的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

潜艇结构锥柱结合壳损伤容限研究

损伤容限与耐久性的结合体现了现代潜艇结构延长寿命、提高可靠性和降低维修成本的综合要求.损伤容限分析的关键问题是正确估算剩余寿命.本文以断裂力学为理论基础,通过对带有初始裂纹的潜艇典型焊接节点模型的剩余寿命有限元分析,将计算结果和试验结果相比较,考核剩余寿命有限元分析方法的可靠性,从而对有初始缺陷或裂纹的疲劳热点区域--潜艇锥柱结合壳进行剩余寿命有限元估算,在此基础上进行潜艇锥柱结合壳损伤容限研究.并对具有不同尺寸的初始裂纹结构的剩余寿命进行有限元分析,确定潜艇在交付使用和检修时的损伤容限尺寸.     

Compressive strength of tubular members with localized pitting damage considering variation of corrosion features

Localized pitting corrosion often occurs on marine and offshore structures in the form of patch corrosion with great uncertainties in the location, size and shape. The variation of corrosion features affects ultimate strength of tubular members significantly, but it is still not well understood. This paper presents a numerical study on tubular members of diverse slenderness ratios to clarify the localized pitting effect on ultimate strength. Numerical analyses were performed based on novel models of pitted members that were calibrated against benchmark column tests. Corrosion pits were randomly introduced on the local outside surfaces of members via stochastic simulation, forming corrosion patches varied in the location, size and shape. Numerical results obtained were regressed to propose a unified empirical formula to predict ultimate strength. It turned out that the shape of the corrosion patch has a significant influence on the ultimate strength. The shape change of the patch can alter failure modes of medium length columns. The reduction of ultimate strength is closely related to the shape ratio of the patch besides the volume loss of corroded material. The unified empirical formula incorporating the shape ratio and the volume loss shows a good ability to predict the experimental results.     

潜艇艏端耐压舱壁构型对声目标强度的影响

潜艇艏部目标强度偏大,影响潜艇的声隐蔽性。由目标强度贡献比例曲线发现,艏端耐压舱壁是潜艇艏部目标强度的主要来源。潜艇艏端耐压舱壁主要有（椭）球面和平面2种形状,声波自艏端入射时,刚性平面的目标强度显著高于有一定曲率的刚性椭球面的目标强度。建立了一系列具有不同曲率的椭球形艏端耐压舱壁模型,基于板块元方法分析了艏端目标强度随舱壁曲率的变化关系,并对结果进行对数拟合,再利用BEM数值方法对耐压壳体艏部近场回波进行仿真,得到散射声压云图。计算结果表明：耐压壳艏端舱壁采取椭球面构形能够减弱散射声场的指向性,从而显著降低目标强度（>10 dB）。曲率大于一定程度时,艏端目标强度值趋于稳定。     

点蚀损伤板在复杂受力状态下的极限强度研究

采用非线性有限元软件模拟船底板单面点腐蚀,通过对边缘载荷系数比、蚀坑分布、直径、深度的改变,经过一系列的数值计算分析,结果表明横向载荷和侧压对板的极限强度影响不可忽略,计算板的极限承载能力时需要考虑计及侧压与横向载荷。在复杂受力状态下,就单考虑蚀坑深度时,板表面的蚀坑深度在0~0.5t区间变化时,极限强度相应的折减率比大于1/2板厚时更大,极限强度对蚀坑深度更加敏感。腐蚀面积不能有效表征腐蚀程度,当DOP系数相同时,点蚀后板的最小横截面决定了极限强度的大小。     

潜器耐压液舱结构有限元分析

应用有限元方法对纵骨式耐压液舱结构进行系列计算,通过多参数多工况方案对比分析,详细讨论了耐压壳板半径、液舱壳板半径、耐压船体壳板板厚、液舱壳板板厚、相邻实肋板间距、相邻纵骨间距等参数对液舱壳板和耐压船体壳板结构强度和稳定性的影响,研究结果可供潜器耐压液舱结构设计参考,并为进一步完善耐压液舱结构的理论计算方法提供依据。     

腐蚀裂纹损伤下船舶管路抗冲击时变剩余强度研究

舰艇管路系统对冲击载荷作用非常敏感,遭受冲击载荷后通常会引起管路系统应力或变形过大而破坏,而裂纹和腐蚀作为常见的一种损伤缺陷导致结构承载力下降,降低管路系统的使用寿命。因此针对典型管路系统管路段,建立仿真精度较高的典型管路有限元模型,对典型管路系统管抗冲击性能进行分析;根据仿真分析结果,确定管路结构强度的薄弱节点或分段(称之为关键节点或关键结构)作为裂纹扩展的初始点。基于管路系统腐蚀和裂纹的发展规律和有限元计算方法,建立管路系统时变剩余强度预报模型,发展一种分别计及腐蚀、裂纹2种因素作用下,舰艇管路系统在三向冲击载荷作用下剩余强度的计算方法和实现流程。在此基础上,分别研究裂纹损伤、腐蚀损伤在不同服役年限下冲击载荷对舰艇管路时变剩余强度的影响规律。     

腐蚀裂纹损伤下船舶管路抗冲击时变剩余强度研究

舰艇管路系统对冲击载荷作用非常敏感,遭受冲击载荷后通常会引起管路系统应力或变形过大而破坏,而裂纹和腐蚀作为常见的一种损伤缺陷导致结构承载力下降,降低管路系统的使用寿命.因此针对典型管路系统管路段,建立仿真精度较高的典型管路有限元模型,对典型管路系统管抗冲击性能进行分析;根据仿真分析结果,确定管路结构强度的薄弱节点或分段(称之为关键节点或关键结构)作为裂纹扩展的初始点.基于管路系统腐蚀和裂纹的发展规律和有限元计算方法,建立管路系统时变剩余强度预报模型,发展一种分别计及腐蚀、裂纹2种因素作用下,舰艇管路系统在三向冲击载荷作用下剩余强度的计算方法和实现流程.在此基础上,分别研究裂纹损伤、腐蚀损伤在不同服役年限下冲击载荷对舰艇管路时变剩余强度的影响规律.     

敷设声学覆盖层的标准潜艇低频目标强度分析

敷设声学覆盖层可以吸收入射声波并降低辐射噪声,是声隐身的常用手段。采用耦合有限元方法分析敷设声学覆盖层的标准潜艇收发合置低频目标强度,包括单壳体模型和双壳体模型。首先,建立声-壳-结构耦合有限元模型,并验证了模型的准确性。其次,分析了单壳体标准潜艇的目标强度,结果表明敷设声学覆盖层可以改变目标强度曲线的起伏特性,在某些频率点或入射角度,敷设声学覆盖层时的目标强度甚至比未敷设时更大。此外统计表明,敷设声学覆盖层可以略微降低平均目标强度。最后,分析了双壳体标准潜艇的目标强度,结果表明外壳敷设声学覆盖层可以改变目标强度曲线的起伏特性并且略微降低平均目标强度,而在此基础上再增加内壳声学覆盖层则几乎没有效果。     

空泡闭合区压力特性试验研究(英文)

The most complicated component in cavitating flow and pressure distribution is the flow in the cavity closure line. The cavitating flow and pressure distribution provide critical aspects of flow field details in the region. The integral of pressure results of the hydrodynamic forces, indicate domination in the design of a supercavitating vehicle. An experiment was performed in a water tunnel to investigate the pressure characteristics of the cavity closure region. Ventilation methods were employed to generate artificial cavity, and the ventilation rate was adjusted accordingly to obtain the desired cavity length. An array of pressure transducers was laid down the cavity closure line to capture pressure distribution in this region. The experimental results show that there is a pressure peak in the cavity closure region, and the rise rate of pressure in space tends to be higher in the upwind side when the flow is non-axisymmetric. The transient pressure variations during the cavity formation procedure were also present. The method of measurement in this paper can be referenced by engineers. The result helps to study the flow pattern of cavity closure region, and it can also be used to analyze the formation of supercavitating vehicle hydrodynamics.     

Experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a box girder subjected to severe corrosion

The objective of this paper is to describe the experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a uniform bending moment resulting from four-point loading. Three box girders that could simulate the behaviour of midship sections have been deteriorated in corrosive seawater environment to simulate different levels of corrosion degradation of ageing ship structures. During the deterioration process, various parameters have been controlled and the total weight lost was registered. Corroded plate thicknesses have been measured in 212 points and a statistical analysis has been performed. The resulting corrosion wastage has been fitted by a non-linear time variant degradation model. The experimental results of the ultimate strength test of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a four-point loading have been analysed. The load-displacement and moment-curvature relationship is discussed, different failure modes are identified, and the strain gauges readings are analysed.     

潜艇耐压液舱的研究现状和发展趋势

对潜艇耐压液舱的研究现状进行综述。通过分析外置式耐压液舱的研究方法和途径,展望内置式耐压液舱结构设计、计算、优化等方向研究的发展趋势。