Comparison of different structural stress approaches for fatigue assessment of welded ship structures

The structural stress approach, which considers the stress increase due to the structural configuration, allows the fatigue strength assessment of welded ship structures with various geometries on the basis of an S–N curve depending only on the type of weld. However, a unique definition and the numerical calculation of the structural stresses are problematic, which has resulted in the development of different variants of the approach. These are discussed and compared with each other in the present paper. The application to three examples shows the variation and differences in the analysed stresses and predicted fatigue lives, which are compared with those derived from fatigue tests.     

光纤光栅传感器在舰船结构健康监测中的应用

光纤光栅传感器是一种新型传感器,相对传统的传感器具有体积小、灵敏度高、耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰,能组建大规模准分布式传感网络等特点,近年来已成为结构健康检测领域中的研究热点。本文介绍光纤光栅传感器(FBG)的特点和工作原理,综述国内外光纤光栅传感器在舰船结构健康监测领域的研究现状,探讨基于光纤光栅传感器的舰船结构健康监测系统的组成和主要研究内容。     

Roll-induced bifurcation in ship maneuvering under model uncertainty

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the maneuvering motion of a naval ship and bifurcations of its equilibrium are identified in roll-coupled motion. The subject ship is a high-speed surface combatant with twin-propeller twin-rudder system. Captive model tests are conducted for the ship using planar motion mechanism. Maneuvering coefficients are calculated by polynomial curve fitting of the test data. Uncertainty distribution in the coefficients is assumed same as that of the curve fitting errors. Uncertainty in the model coefficients is propagated to full-scale simulation results by the stochastic response surface method (SRSM). This method is computationally efficient as compared to standard Monte Carlo simulation technique. The SRSM uses polynomial chaos expansion of orthogonal to fit any probability distribution. Bifurcation analysis of the mathematical model is performed by varying the vertical center of gravity as the bifurcation parameter. Hopf bifurcation is identified. It is found that the bifurcations occur due to the coupling of roll motion with sway, yaw motion and rudder angle. In the presence of wind, roll angle response in bifurcation diagram is discussed.     

数据库技术在船舶综合性能监测中的应用

目前,由于性能数据获取方式的多样性,对于船舶上各部分功能设备和船舶航行状态的监管主要是通过分开实现,不能将各种设备的性能参数综合起来考虑。本文针对这一问题,采用关系型数据库技术将通过船舶中的各种监测设备采集到的数据以表的形式组织起来,实现船舶性能监测数据的集中管理。通过数据库方式,可使船员及时掌握船舶性能的各项参数数据,做出科学决策。根据船舶综合性能监测系统的结构分析,将性能数据进行分类,并构建10个表来实现数据库设计。     

船舶CFD模拟不确定度分析与评估新方法研究

比拟测量不确定度,视CFD模拟结果为随机变量,阐述了CFD模拟不确定度的定义、来源、分类和表示形式.基于正交试验设计和方差分析方法,提出了CFD不确定度分析中验证的内涵及实施流程;基于统计推断理论,提出了CFD不确定度评估中确认的标准及判断程序.应用Fluent软件及文中所建方法,针对阻力系数和伴流分数进行CFD模拟不确定度分析评估的实例计算,给出了对模拟结果有重要影响的计算因子和交互作用以及各类不确定度分量的大小,并指出就目前采用的CFD模拟技术而言,尽管其结果的分散性或不确定度数倍于物理试验,但其近似性或可信度已可接受.     

网络环境下的船舶动力装置状态评估与监测系统开发

动力系统为船舶的航行和其他作业提供动力,是船舶的核心部件,动力装置包括发动机,传动轴系、机舱等,其结构和功能非常复杂。为了提高船舶动力系统故障监测水平,提早发现动力系统异常状态,保障其使用质量,研究船舶动力装置状态评估与监测系统具有重要意义。本文首先介绍传统的船舶动力装置监测系统,在此基础上,引入了网络环境的通信模块、信号滤波电路与现场总线技术,设计了一种基于网络环境下的船舶动力装置评估与监测系统,并对其原理和组成进行说明。     

船体结构应力监测点的选取方法研究

船体结构应力实时监测系统通过在船体结构中植入应变传感器实现对结构强度的实时监测与评估.文章对船体结构应力实时监测系统中应力监测点的选取方法进行了研究.通过全船结构有限元分析方法得到船体结构在外载荷作用下的结构应力响应,在此基础上对结构监测点进行选择,通过根据高应力部位和考虑海况信息两种途径对监测点进行选取,并依据选定监测点位置处的受力特点给出了传感器的布置方法,最后给出了一条船的应用实例.     

舰船甲板结构的极限强度研究与结构优化

舰船甲板结构的强度具有非常重要的意义,是舰船安全运行的重要保障。为了提高舰船甲板在极端条件下(如导弹攻击、重物载荷等)的强度,本文首先对甲板结构强度理论进行了详细介绍,然后对舰船甲板进行了合理的简化和动力学模型建立,最后基于有限元分析软件Ansys平台进行了舰船甲板的建模、网格划分、极限强度下的载荷仿真等内容,对提高舰船甲板的安全性能有重要的意义。     

一种船舶全周期信息集成模型设计

在现代船舶制造领域,对于船舶生命周期数据的共享及研究是对船舶进行跟踪服务管理的重要手段。而传统的对船舶生命周期数据的共享手段实时性能不好,不能够很好的对船舶数据进行直观分析。本文研究了传统的船舶生命周期数据共享技术的优缺点,结合现有的数据共享技术及Web技术,设计了全新的基于WEB的船舶生命周期数据的共享及管理系统,并且设计了通用标志符的展示方法及针对二维数据交换对生命周期数据视图进行映射。     

一种基于冰载荷引起的船体结构疲劳损伤分析方法

目前对基于冰载荷引起的船体结构强度问题已经发展的较为成熟,但是基于冰载荷引起的结构疲劳强度的研究比较少。针对该问题,如果有一种简化方法来指导早期的结构设计,对船舶设计者来说是很有现实意义的。本文对英国劳氏船级社发布的ShipRight FDA ICE_^[1]作概括性的介绍,旨在向读者介绍这一简单而高效的评估方法以及技术背景和注意要点等。最后文章根据这一方法给出数条油船和LNG船的算例,并验证通过该方法改善疲劳节点的可行性。     

Fatigue crack propagation and computational remaining life assessment of ship structures

The fitness for serviceability of structural members of marine structures in which fatigue cracks might be found during in-service inspection is investigated in order to prevent instantaneous failures of ships, as well as a loss of serviceability such as the oil- and/or watertightness of critical compartments. The essential features of fatigue crack propagation and the remaining life assessment are discussed in the first part of the paper, where the effects of weldment, complicated stress distributions including stress biaxialities at three-dimensional structural joints, structural redundancy, and crack curving are found to be of primary importance. The second part of the paper contains a discussion of an advanced numerical simulation method for the remaining life assessment, in which the above-mentioned effects of fatigue crack propagation are taken into account. The simulated crack paths and the fatigue crack propagation lives are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental results.     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

实用船舶结构疲劳评估方法概要

船舶结构的疲劳评估是船舶力学的主要研究领域之一。本文对常用的船舶结构疲劳评估方法——船级社提出的简化方法、谱分析法、设计波法、断裂力学方法,以及概率S-N曲线和概率断裂力学方法进行了概述。首先分别对每种方法中的关键技术细节进行了较为详细的论述,给出了这些技术细节当前的处理方法及存在的主要问题。最后,对各方法进行了总结和概括,指出了每种方法的优缺点,并给出了每种方法未来的研究重点和发展方向。     

船舶撞击力作用下高桩码头的安全评估

针对高桩码头水平承载力,应用极限概率理论分析了荷载效应的统计参数;根据构件破坏准则,确定了码头破坏模式和功能函数;依托某码头实例,建立响应模型,计算其失效概率及可靠指标。分析的结果认为,船舶撞击能和船舶撞击力符合极值I型分布;高桩码头的主要破坏为桩基础的正截面受弯破坏和水平位移过大;结合某码头工程实例,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立结构响应模型和PDS模块,采用蒙特卡罗的方法进行可靠性分析,共进行了10万次抽样,抽样的结果显示,码头受船撞作用失效的概率为2.073 05×10-3,可靠指标为3.76,安全结构等级为2级。     

高桩码头在船舶撞击力作用下的应变监测研究

为了得到合理准确地监测上海港口高桩码头的方法,用有限元软件ANSYS计算分析高桩码头在船舶撞击力作用下的应变情况。根据ANSYS分析结果得到码头结构中的大应变危险点,并在现场进行实测。实测数据与ANSYS模拟结果数据的对比表明,船撞力作用下码头受力趋势相近,各榀排架空间作用明显。     

船体钢结构的防腐方法及性能

传统的船体钢结构防腐方法存在着防腐性能差的缺陷,为此提出船体钢结构防腐方法及性能研究。采用RUST-X水性带锈底漆对船体钢结构表面进行预处理,采用水性金属防腐涂对预处理后的船体钢结构表面进行刷涂,将其与海水、氧气、电解质等进行屏蔽,以屏蔽后的船体钢结构为基础,采用阳极、阴极保护与覆盖层保护结合的方法对船体钢结构电化学反应进行抑制,实现了船体钢结构的防腐。采用实验对防腐方法的性能进行验证,通过实验得到提出的船体钢结构防腐方法的船体钢结构厚度比传统方法多出100 mm,产生的腐蚀产物重量比传统方法少了2.8 g,说明提出的船体钢结构防腐方法具备极好的防腐性能。     

Determination of structural stress for fatigue assessment of welded aluminum ship details

The main objective of this paper has been to review and to verify already published hot-spot stress extrapolation procedures for plate structures, and to develop and verify a new and general method for the structural stress extrapolation to be used together with a hot-spot design S-N curve for aluminum ship structures. The proposed extrapolation method has been based on the asymptotic behavior of the stresses adjacent to an idealized notch (‘singularity’). On basis of the fatigue test S-N data obtained in this study, relevant S-N curves to be used together with a proposed extrapolation procedure and with already published extrapolation methods have been suggested. A hot-spot design S-N curve with a characteristic strength of 32 was suggested as a suitable choice for the fatigue assessment of profile ground fillet welded stiffener/bracket connections while a design hot-spot design S-N curve with a characteristic strength of 25 was suggested for as-welded stiffener/bracket connections.     

基于裂纹扩展理论的船体结构疲劳评估

疲劳破坏是船舶结构的主要破坏形式之一。为了保证船舶结构有足够的疲劳强度,各国船级社、船厂等均建立了船舶结构疲劳强度校核规范作为船舶疲劳评估的指导性文件,尽管这些规范均是建立在S-N曲线方法基础上的,但由于S-N曲线方法存在自身无法克服的缺陷(如忽略材料的初始缺陷等),对同一节点进行计算得到的疲劳寿命大相径庭。该文作者在基于裂纹扩展理论的基础之上,给出了一套详细的船体结构疲劳评估方法,并应用此方法对大型船舶结构典型节点的疲劳寿命进行评估,以期能为完善船舶结构疲劳寿命的评估提供参考。     

Application of embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors for structural health monitoring of complex composite structures for marine applications

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are recently widely applied in the marine industry. The high popularity of composites and safety requirements results in the development of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. One of the sensors types that can be permanently integrated with a composite structure and used as a part of SHM system are fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Among FBG sensors advantages small size, high corrosion resistance, and absence of electric current are especially important in monitoring of composite marine structures.The paper presents an application of embedded FBG sensors arrays for evaluation of complex composite structure — a fast patrol boat. The experimental investigations contain spectra analyses for thin laminate sample (skin), a composite sandwich panel and fast patrol boat hull (sandwich structure). The quality of sensors spectra (before/after embedding and loading) was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The relationship between strain and temperature in exploitation range was determined for laminate and sandwich structures. A linear relationship was achieved for both elements. The relationship for the sandwich panel was then applied during strain analyses of the boat composite hull. The utility of designed FBG sensors array for the panel was also verified by sensors responses on impact excitation in chosen points on the structure. The achieved results were then used during designing FBG sensors array embedded into the hull. FBG sensors spectra deformations due to fast patrol boat hull manufacturing process and exploitation as well as strain curves determined for the boat during tests at dry dock and at sea trials are analysed.