船舶搁浅于台型礁石场景极限强度解析预报方法

针对双层底油轮搁浅于台型礁石的事故场景,通过对船底构件结构损伤机理的分析,提出一套结合船底结构损伤程度推算方法和Smith方法,评估损伤后船体剩余极限强度的解析计算预报方法。研究中应用数值仿真技术,模拟了船舶搁浅过程中的结构损伤及搁浅后船体极限承载过程,并与解析预报方法的结果进行了对比。结果表明,文中提出的对搁浅损伤后船舶剩余强度的解析预报方法准确性较好,对船舶双层底耐撞性结构设计和安全性评估都有一定的指导意义。     

高能搁浅下双层底结构的损伤特性研究

船舶搁浅事故会引起船体破损、环境污染和人员伤亡等严重后果.研究船舶搁浅,不仅有利于海上生命安全、防止海洋污染,还可为船体结构的抗冲击设计及规范航运繁忙区域中船舶的航速、操作规程提供一定的依据.本文用数值仿真法研究了船舶高能搁浅中的内部力学问题,分析了典型双层底结构的损伤变形、受力和能量耗散等结果,提出了一种新式的抗搁浅YF双层底结构,并与原结构进行了比较.研究表明,损伤变形集中于结构与礁石相接触的区域,高能搁浅内部力学问题的研究可以主要考虑局部的船体结构;肋板的存在显著增加了船底结构的抗搁浅能力;高能搁浅过程中,由于垂直方向的接触力,礁石对双层底的垂向贯入量会略有减小;当纵桁远离搁浅区域时,它的吸能能力无法发挥,抗搁浅作用很弱;YF双层底结构比原结构具有更大的吸能能力和抗搁浅力.     

一种新型抗搁浅双层底结构

油轮双层底结构的抗搁浅设计对于防止石油泄漏、保护海洋环境具有十分重要的意义.本文提出了一种新式的抗搁浅YF双层底结构,利用数值仿真方法分析了该新式结构的损伤变形、搁浅力和能量耗散,并与原结构进行了比较.研究表明,YF双层底结构比原结构具有更大的吸能能力和抗搁浅能力.     

船舶结构碰撞与搁浅风险分析研究综述

统计资料显示,船舶（特别是油船）的碰撞和搁浅事故不仅造成巨大的经济损失,还是造成海洋原油污染的主要原因之一。本文总结了船舶碰撞和搁浅风险分析的一般方法,全面地回顾了目前船舶碰撞和搁浅风险分析以及人和组织因素（ＨＯＦ）对船舶碰撞与搁浅事故的影响的研究现状,最后就这一研究领域的发展方向作了展望。     

船舶碰撞和搁浅研究综述

碰撞和搁浅是引发船体破损、环境污染和人员伤亡等灾难的主要原因,本文从船舶碰撞才搁浅力学,破损船体剩余强度,外板破裂准则和耐撞性结构设计等方面阐述了船舶碰撞和搁浅领域的研究现状,分析和总结了实船事故调查,实验和数值模拟等方法,并对今后的研究提出了建议和展望。     

基于ABAQUS的船舶搁浅数值仿真研究

船舶搁浅性能研究是船底结构设计的一个重要环节。应用国际上通用的动力有限元程序ABAQUS/EXPLICIT对船舶搁浅动力学过程进行仿真研究。通过系列仿真试验,对不同搁浅位置及摩擦系数的情形下船底结构的搁浅性能,包括结构的损伤变形、搁浅力和能量的吸收分别进行对比和分析,得到一部分重要的结论,为船舶搁浅性能的评估及结构优化设计提供重要依据。     

船舶结构的搁浅数值仿真研究

文章用数值仿真法研究了船舶结构搁浅中的内部力学问题,分析了典型双层底结构的损伤变形、受力和能量耗散结果。研究表明,损伤变形集中于搁浅的区域,搁浅力学问题主要考虑局部的船体结构;肋板的存在显著地增加船底结构的抗搁浅能力,使礁石的垂向贯入量会略有减小;当纵桁远离搁浅区域时,它的吸能能力无法发挥,抗搁浅作用明显削弱。     

双层侧壁船舶碰撞强度分析

本文在分析小碰撞中双层侧壁结构变形特征的基础上,建立了碰撞强度的简化计算模型。结构“能量吸收-变形”的数值方法计算结果与试验结果相吻合。文章还对该结构形式的承碰性能进行了探讨,获得了一些旨在改善碰撞强度的有用的结论。     

内河航道船舶碰撞与搁浅风险概率研究

针对我国内河航运发达,货物运输量大,事故多发的现状,从理论上建立了船舶碰撞与搁浅的数学概率模型,归纳了引起事故发生的原因并举例进行了计算,分析了不同因素对事故发生概率的影响,所介绍和使用的方法可以在不同的内河航道上使用,对于船舶航运、风险评估、航道管理具有现实意义。     

单点搁浅船舶的受力计算及脱浅措施

根据船舶静力学原理提出了船舶单点或小面积搁浅时的底部受力及其受力中心位置的计算方法，并给出了能否乘潮脱浅的判断方法和利用压载，调整油水载荷等手段协助脱浅的原则及效果评价的方法。     

Investigation on structural performance predictions of double-bottom tankers during shoal grounding accidents

An investigation is carried out in this paper for the predictions of structural performance of double-bottom tankers during ship grounding over the “shoal” type seabed obstacles. Hong and Amdahl developed a simplified analytical model for the unstiffened double bottom. This method is carefully studied, verified and then used as the first stage of our prediction. The second stage is concerned with stiffeners since stiffeners are indispensable components for double-bottom tankers. A prevailing way to handle is to smear stiffeners onto their attached plating known as the smeared thickness method. However, the effective ratio in this method is dubious in such shoal grounding accidents. Proper values of this parameter are determined in stage two, and then together with the method in stage one, constitute a reliable and efficient tool for structural performance predictions of double-bottom structures in shoal grounding accidents.A double-bottom tanker is chosen as object for the case study. Finite element models of the hold both stiffened and unstiffened are created for numerical simulations using the LS_DYNA software. Simulation cases cover a wide range of slope angles of the indenter and indentations. Numerical results show that Hong and Amdahl's model in stage one is capable of predicting energy dissipation with high precision but poor accuracy for grounding resistances, and a possible reason may be the neglect of vertical resistance. The updated smeared method proposed in stage two is also proved to be capable of grasping major characteristics of stiffeners. Results and conclusions drawn from this paper can be conveniently applied for assessments of the performance of ship double-bottom structures during shoal sliding grounding scenarios, and will benefit the application of accidental limit state design concept in the ship design stage.     

Plastic mechanism analysis of structural performances for stiffeners on bottom longitudinal web girders during a shoal grounding accident

A theoretical model is introduced in this paper for structural performance of stiffeners on double-bottom longitudinal girders in a shoal grounding accident. Major emphasis is placed on establishing the characteristic deformation mechanism of stiffeners and identifying major energy dissipation patterns. Numerical simulations using the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite-element program were carried out to examine thoroughly the progressive deformation process during sliding deformation. Stiffener deformations were observed to fall into two categories: stiffeners fully contacted with the indenter, and stiffeners subjected to indirect deformation due to energy transfer from attached girders. Grounding performance of stiffeners is substantially influenced by that of the attached plating, and therefore a review of the existing deformation models of longitudinal girders (i.e. Simonsen 1997, Midtun 2006 and Hong 2008) was included. Hong's model of bottom girders was found not capable of representing the effects of stiffeners, and a new model of girders was thus developed. Based on observation of the numerical deformation process and the new analytical girder model, a kinematically admissible model of stiffeners on bottom longitudinal girders was built. Using the methods of plastic mechanism analysis, simplified analytical expressions for energy dissipation by girder-attached stiffeners, both fully contacted and noncontacted, were formulated, and equations for grounding resistance were subsequently obtained. The theoretical expressions agree favorably with results from nonlinear finite-element simulations and capture two significant characteristics of the problem: that energy varies little with indentation for stiffeners that fully contacting the indenter, and that energy is independent of slope angle for indirectly deformed stiffeners. The proposed theoretical model helps to predict analytically shoal grounding performance of stiffeners on longitudinal girders with reasonable accuracy.     

船舶碰撞机理与耐撞性结构设计研究综述

研究船舶碰撞和触底事故的机理,以及如何提高船舶结构耐撞性是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点.文章介绍了解析法、数值仿真技术和风险分析法的发展与应用特点,阐述了近些年来船舶碰撞、船舶触底、缓冲船首设计、船桥碰撞和船舶与海洋平台碰撞等领域的研究成果,列举了一些降低船舶碰撞和触底事故风险的新型结构设计,并对今后的研究方向提出了若干建议.     

Full six degrees of freedom coupled dynamic simulation of ship collision and grounding accidents

By taking advantage of the user-defined load subroutine (loadud) and the user common subroutine (usercomm) in LS-DYNA, the authors proposed a new coupled approach for simultaneously calculating structural damage and the planar 3DOF ship motions in ship collisions. The coupled procedure aimed at predicting the detailed structural damage together with reasonable global ship motions. This paper extends the method to consider the full 6DOF ship motions; thus, ship collision as well as grounding accidents can be properly handled. This method is particularly useful for design purposes because the detailed ship hull profile is not needed.A traditional ship maneuvering model is used for the in-plane surge, sway and yaw degrees of freedom with a series of nondimensional coefficients determined from experiments. It is assumed that the out-of-plane degrees of freedom are not coupled with the in-plane ship motions, and there is no coupling among roll, pitch and heave motions. The implementation is verified through free decay tests, and the obtained natural periods show good agreement with theoretical results.Several collision and grounding cases are simulated in which a supply vessel crashes into rigid plates with different orientations. The effects of the roll motion, the heave and pitch motions and the full 6DOF motions are studied. The results are compared with those from a 6DOF decoupled method. Ship motions through the proposed method compare reasonably well with SIMO results. It is found that several consecutive impacts may occur in the simulation of one collision case due to the periodic motions. This is not taken into account in the decoupled method, which makes this method unconservative.     

考虑静水压力的加筋圆柱壳体径向碰撞机理研究

水下碰撞是水下结构物的主要事故形式之一,而深水静压载荷环境下的碰撞、触礁等问题是深水静压和碰撞联合载荷作用下的结构响应问题,是最为危险的碰撞环境.采用MSC/Dytran大型非线性动力有限元程序,建立数值有限元模型,考虑深水静压和外物撞击的联合作用,进行深水静压环境、无水压力环境下以及不同撞击载荷多工况碰撞环境和撞击历程的数值分析,对加筋圆柱壳体碰撞载荷作用下的变形、失效机理和变形历程进行比较,分析了不同速度、质量撞击物撞击载荷作用下撞击强度、深水压力载荷等对碰撞历程的影响和加筋圆柱壳体深水碰撞环境下的动态响应特性和碰撞机理.结果显示:由于准静压载荷的附连联合作用,撞击形变将不可避免地带来准静压载荷的做功,其能量将直接由结构吸收,从而将导致加筋圆柱壳体结构的防撞能力急剧下降.同时,随着静水压力的增大,撞击初始阶段所产生的小变形将导致圆柱壳体的整体环向失稳,从而导致壳体整体迅速压溃,因此,深水环境下结构碰撞问题的研究主要是结构的初始稳定性问题的研究.圆柱壳体通过横向平台的加强后将有效提高壳体结构的横向失稳临界应力,从而能够明显地改善加筋圆柱壳体结构的径向耐撞能力.     

船底座礁实验数值模拟中选择参数影响研究

非线性有限元方法是分析船舶碰撞和搁浅问题的一个强有力工具,但是数值模拟结果的可靠性很大程度上依赖于对工程问题的恰当处理和有限元软件中主要参数的准确控制.本文以某单壳船底结构准静态座礁实验结果为例,用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA进行数值模拟,研究了下列选择参数对单壳船底结构抗撞性的影响:边界条件;船底结构的材料模型;壳单元类型;船底结构与礁石模型之间的摩擦系数;船底结构的残余应力.通过比较计算结果的碰撞力曲线,能量吸收曲线来评价这些参数对数值模拟的影响并给出了一些建议.     

船体背液板架碰撞损伤机理研究

为研究舱内液货对船体结构损伤机理的影响,利用数值仿真软件MSC.Dytran,计算出背液板架流固耦合力、碰撞力、损伤变形以及能量吸收等,并与背空板架进行了对比分析.结果表明,背液板架的损伤机理明显区别于背空板架,流固耦合力使得结构的变形模式发生了改变、碰撞力增加、极限撞深减小.     

船舶撞击码头动力响应有限元分析

以3万吨级船舶以较快速度平行靠泊高桩码头为例,对不同方法计算出的最大船舶撞击力进行比较分析。应用有限元方法对船舶撞击码头的过程进行了数值模拟,根据码头结构产生的最大拉、压应力和混凝土强度破坏准则判断码头的损伤情况,由此确定码头升级改造的可行性。     

船模阻力评估模块开发

依托数值水池创新专项,文章借助商业软件STARCCM+方便的可视化界面以及工程应用的经验,探索出了一套船舶阻力计算策略,然后通过策略移植和转化,开发出了基于Open FOAM的船模阻力评估模块。为了达到工业化应用的要求,在开发船模阻力评估模块时不仅力求精确性而且还要兼顾鲁棒性。最后在12艘不同类型单桨商船25个工况点的测试计算中,所有样本点的计算精度都达到了3%以内,船模阻力评估模块的工程实用性得到了验证。     

碰撞/搁浅事故中船体强桁材结构损伤机理解析预报方法研究

随着航运业的快速发展,海上航行的船舶越来越多.尽管人们做了许多努力避免海上意外事故的发生,但海难事故依然不可避免.为了降低上述事故造成的损失,需要在设计阶段快速并准确地预报船舶的结构耐撞性.本文以强桁材结构为研究对象,通过开展准静态冲压试验及相应的数值仿真,分析强桁材结构在面内冲压载荷作用下的变形机理,并基于试验与仿真所得到的结构变形特点,提出强桁材面内受压时的变形模式.以此为基础,运用塑性力学理论,推导出结构变形能、瞬时结构变形抗力及平均结构变形抗力的解析预报公式,并将计算结果与试验结果进行比较验证.研究得到的结构面内受压变形能和抗力解析计算公式,可以快速评估事故载荷下结构的响应情况,包括结构变形阻力及能量耗散,具有使用方便,计算速度快,计算结果相对可靠的优点,对船体耐撞结构设计及抗撞性能评估具有一定的指导意义.