扭曲舵空泡观测实船试验研究

为验证扭曲舵的抗空化效果,在前期完成扭曲舵设计及实船换装工作的基础上,首次在国内开展了扭曲舵和普通舵的空化实船观测对比试验,对两种舵在设计航速和最大航速下固定舵角工况和直航自动舵工况的空泡进行了比较.结果表明:在相同航速工况下,扭曲舵的舵面空化起始舵角可提高10°左右,可以消除舰船常用航行状态下舵面的空化问题;在高航速大舵角工况时,扭曲舵的空化面积远小于常规舵;在扭曲舵优化的基础上,防腐蚀电极新型安装结构和舵下端导流罩可以有效解决防腐蚀电极和舵下端面的空化问题.通过扭曲舵空泡观测实船试验,证明了扭曲舵具有良好的抗空化性能,为抑制水面舰船舵空化剥蚀、降低船尾振动噪声提供了有效途径,具有优良的应用前景.     

半悬挂舵空化及其对非定常力的影响研究

为深入研究空化后半悬挂舵非定常水动力性能的相关规律,采用结构化网格、DES湍流模型和VOF方法对某大型舰船的半悬挂舵空泡进行计算。探讨和分析舵空泡的周期性变化,同时简要分析半悬挂舵的间隙空化及端部空化产生的原因。基于空化和非空化2种状态对3个不同舵角下的舵空泡进行计算,总结了舵横向力、舵轴扭矩等非定常力的规律。结果表明：当空化区域较小时,空化对舵非定常力几乎没有影响,随着空化区域的增大,舵效显著降低;空化发生后,舵非定常力的脉动幅值将急剧增大,且空化区域越大,舵非定常力的脉动幅值越大。该研究结果可为评估空化状态下半悬挂舵的水动力性能及对舵进行优化设计提供技术支撑。     

实船舵空化现象试验观察

空化是高航速下水面舰船螺旋桨及舵等附体上常见的现象,空化的产生会带来振动、噪声和空蚀等一系列问题,直接影响舰船的舒适性和局部结构的安全性.而由于国内有关实尺度舵空化数据的缺乏,导致人们对于实船舵空化的状况仍知之甚少.本文通过试验方法观察了某一实船舵在一定航速、一定舵角下的空化状况,获得了实船舵空化出现的位置及程度,为实尺度舵空化问题的认识和优化提供了一定参考.     

舵空化的精细流场及其非定常水动力性能数值计算

[目的]为深入研究舵空化时的精细流场及其非定常水动力性能的相关规律,[方法]针对某型船的桨、舵模型进行建模,采用结构化网格、SST k-ω湍流模型和流体体积(VOF)方法对舵空泡进行计算。针对舵空泡问题进行实船观测试验,将舵空泡的计算结果与实船舵空泡的观测结果进行对比,验证数值方法的可靠性。对舵空泡的周期性变化进行探讨和分析,并基于空化和非空化2种状态对3种舵角下的舵空泡进行计算。[结果]结果显示,当空化范围较小时,空化对舵力时均值的影响较小,随着空化范围的增加,空化对舵力时均值的影响明显变大,尤其是舵效显著降低;一旦发生空化,舵非定常力的脉动幅值将大幅增加,且空化范围越大,舵非定常力的脉动幅值越大。[结论]研究结果可为评估空化发生后舵的水动力性能及舵的优化设计提供技术支撑。     

舵空泡对船体压力脉动的数值分析

[目的]船舶航行时舵表面发生的空泡将使船体产生振动和噪声,为了研究舵空化效应引起的船体压力脉动及其影响,[方法]基于Star-CCM流体计算软件,对实船在某航速下在5°和10°舵角航行时产生的空泡进行预报,分析船体压力脉动产生的规律。[结果]分析结果表明,舵空化效应对船体压力脉动有直接影响;在5°,10°舵角工况下,舵空化对船体造成的压力脉动幅值远大于舵表面不存在空化时船体表面的压力脉动幅值,舵发生空化效应越剧烈,船体表面压力脉动的波动幅值就越大。[结论]研究结果论证了舵空化效应对船体的振动和噪声有着直接影响。     

超空泡航行体楔形舵片流体动力学特性数值模拟

舵片是保证超空泡航行体运动稳定性和控制航行弹道的重要部分。文章基于均质平衡流模型和SST(Shear Stress Transport)湍流模型,计算了单独舵片的流体动力特性,并与试验数据进行了对比,结果符合较好,验证了计算模型的有效性。基于此方法,计算了单独舵片发生空化后在不同操舵状态下的非定常流体动力变化。结果表明,在攻角相同时,操舵状态下舵片的非定常升力系数和定常结果差别不大,而非定常阻力系数大于定常结果,并且操舵速度越快,阻力系数越大。另外计算了舵片发生空化后的流体动力系数,结果显示在攻角相同时,舵片的阻力系数和升力系数均小于其在全湿状态下的结果;在空化状态下,舵片升力系数的斜率小于全湿状态,并且舵片升力系数的斜率是变化的,存在某临界攻角,攻角大于此临界值时,升力系数的斜率减小,而此临界攻角恰好为舵片的吸力面刚刚出现空化时的攻角;操舵状态下舵片的阻力系数和升力系数的变化规律与定常结果一致,但是数值偏小。     

“冠军”轮换新舵系安装工艺探讨

文章介绍了换新舵系的安装工艺,着重论述了船舶舵系海损严重造成无基准的情况下,通过空心假轴进行舵系拉线,确保法兰座的定位,为整个舵系的安装提供了重要依据。     

双舵销舵系实用计算

按ABS／DNV规范,对挂舵臂支撑的双舵销舵系需用直接计算法计算各支撑点的受力。以确定相应构件的材料和尺寸。本文提供了挂舵臂支撑的双舵销舵系的实用力学计算模型及其线性方程组解,并对其作了简要介绍和分析。采用本计算模型编制程序电算所得结果已应用于实船设计并为船级社所认可。     

略谈船舶舵系大修

详细介绍了舵系大修中，舵线检查测量方法及舵系修理方案，并用特殊事例加以说明。     

浅谈飞龙材料轴承在舵系中的应用

本文介绍了飞龙材料轴承的主要特性,并举例说明了舵系轴承的设计方法和安装方法。     

4250 TEU集装箱船舵空泡试验研究

大型集装箱船航速高,主机功率大,实船航运中半平衡舵上易产生由空泡引起的剥蚀危害。为改善这种状况,在船研所空泡水筒进行了4 250 TEU集装箱船舵空泡试验研究。观察操舵过程中舵空泡产生的情况,探讨降低舵剥蚀的方法,延长舵的有效使用年限。     

基于CFD方法的6500TEU集装箱船舵空泡腐蚀数值模拟研究

舵的空泡腐蚀研究在船型优化设计和新船型开发中具有重要意义。文章以6 500 TEU集装箱船的NACA0021舵为研究对象,通过对船、桨、舵整体三维建模,运用CFD方法在3D计算域下对舵的非定常空化现象进行数值模拟,得到了与试验比较一致的结果。同时还对改善舵空蚀现象的措施进行了分析。研究表明,通过整体建模的数值模拟方法对舵空泡性能进行预测研究,其结果是合理可信的。     

A suggestion of gap flow control devices for the suppression of rudder cavitation

This paper presents the numerical analysis of rudder cavitation in propeller slipstream and the development of a new rudder system aimed for lift augmentation and cavitation suppression. The new rudder system is equipped with cam devices which effectively close the gap between the horn/pintle and movable wing parts. A computational fluid dynamics code that solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations is used to analyze the flow field of various rudder systems in propeller slipstream. The body force momentum source terms that mimic flow field behind a rotating propeller are added in the momentum equations to represent the influence of the propeller and its slipstream. For detailed explication of the new rudder system’s lift augmentation and cavitation suppression mechanism, three-dimensional flow analysis is carried out. Simulations clearly display the mechanism of the lift augmentation and cavitation suppression. The computational results suggest that the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based computational fluid dynamics reproduces the flow field around a rudder in propeller slipstream and that the present concept for a cavitation suppressing rudder system is highly feasible and warrant further study for inclusion of the interaction with hull and mechanical design for manufacturing and operations.     

Practically applicable devices for blocking the gap flow of a horn rudder to reduce rudder cavitation and their verification through numerical simulations

Rudder cavitation causes serious damage to the rudder and affects the safety and cost-effectiveness of a ship. In recent applications, a semicircular prismatic bar protruding beyond the concave surface of the horn facing the gap, located along the center-plane of the rudder, has been used to lessen the gap flow between the horn and the movable portion of the rudder system. Previous numerical studies with this single bar indicate that it can noticeably reduce rudder cavitation. In the present study, a pair of bars for blocking the vertical gaps, which are attached symmetrically to the center-plane on opposite convex surfaces of the movable portion, is suggested for circumventing the difficulties that arise in the practical application of single centre bars. Placed near the outer edges of the gap, the bars are are easily accessible at the maximum rudder angle to allow simple installation during routine ship maintenance. An additional blocking disk is inserted on top of the pintle block, blocking the horizontal gaps. Three-dimensional computations are conducted with these combined devices and the results show that the devices are remarkably efficacious in reducing rudder gap cavitation.     

均流中大型集装箱船桨舵干扰粘性流场的数值计算研究

应用FLUENT软件的滑移网格技术,实现了均匀来流中的桨舵干扰粘性流场计算。考察了桨推力、舵受力,桨舵周围的速度、压力分布。为尝试预报舵空泡性能,还考察了桨舵间距变化对舵面上的压力分布的影响,取得了与舵空泡观察试验一致的结果。本项工作为船后桨舵干扰粘性流场计算提供了基础。     

Numerical study on the gap flow of a semi-spade rudder to reduce gap cavitation

The flow around the gap of a semi-spade rudder was simulated as part of an effort to minimize gap cavitation. Simulations were performed for various devices aimed at controlling the gap flow in two-dimensional and three-dimensional domains using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. A significant difference in the pressure field near the gap in two- and three-dimensional computations was found. In particular, the pressure field of the gap, where the local flow is dominant, and that of the main flow from the propeller were compared. Finally, a remedy for the gap cavitation that occurs between the horn and the rudder was introduced.     

基于多目标粒子群算法的翼剖面优化设计

船舶桨舵等装置均有水翼剖面组成,为了得到水动力性能更好的桨舵装置,需要对水翼进行优化设计。基于iSIGHT优化平台,采用粒子群优化算法,以保证水翼剖面升阻比和改善水翼表面压力分布为优化目标,进行多目标水翼优化。通过改变水翼剖面的拱度分布和厚度分布进行优化设计。优化后得到的最优剖面相对于原始剖面,明显增加了剖面的最小压力系数,并适当提高了升阻比,从而提高了水翼剖面的空泡性能和升力性能。因此,验证了利用多目标粒子群算法进行翼型优化设计的可行性。     

扭曲舵强制自航舵力测量试验研究

在拖曳水池中进行了自航约束模舵力测量试验,对扭曲舵和普通舵的舵力进行了测量,比较分析了扭曲舵和普通舵的舵力特性。试验结果表明,在0°舵角时,扭曲舵上的受力状态得到明显改善,对舰船的直航性和舵机受力是有利的。在通过打舵使舰船发生回转时,扭曲舵不仅能使舵轴上的受力状态得到改善,而且能够提高舵的操纵力,改善舰船的回转性能。