阻尼材料性能台架试验及实车应用方法研究

基于阻尼材料板件在车身上的实际边界条件设计专项台架试验.通过台架试验分析了3种常见阻尼材料在不同覆盖面积条件下的阻尼损耗因子和板件声辐射量.在车身关键位置覆盖阻尼材料,分别对增加阻尼材料前后的实车进行原点频响、声传函以及实车噪声试验.结果表明:与基板相比,增加阻尼材料后,阻尼损耗因子提升了5倍,板件声辐射量降低约12-15 dB;丁基橡胶在3种阻尼材料中衰减高频噪声的效果最好.将阻尼材料覆盖在整车板件上,在关键转速范围的加速噪声以及关键频段的路面噪声分别降低了约3 dB和5 dB,降噪效果良好.文章中的试验及分析方法为阻尼材料在整车上的工程应用提供了有效的依据.     

基于模态应变能分析和板件单元贡献分析的车身阻尼处理

基于汽车车身有限元模型与乘坐室空腔有限元模型,以声固耦合方法为车内噪声分析预测手段,分别以车身模型的模态应变能信息和对车内场点的板件单元贡献信息为指标,确定了对车身板件进行阻尼处理的位置和面积.并通过实例验证了2种阻尼处理方法的效果.模态应变能指标具有普遍适用性,而板件单元贡献指标对特定工况下的噪声问题具有针对性.     

基于六西格玛设计方法的车身阻尼垫顾客需求分析

本文应用六西格玛设计方法(DFSS)中IDENTIFY阶段的相关工具对顾客对于车身阻尼垫产品的相关需求进行收集和分析,并将顾客声音转化为设计目标。再通过QFD和绩效计分卡等工具分析顾客主要需求及重点设计目标。从而得出后续阻尼垫设计中需重点关注的指标及阻尼垫产品主要设计改善方向。     

基于声模态和板件贡献分析的车身降噪研究

通过对白车身有限元模型分析建立了车内声腔声学模型,结合对车内噪声峰值频率和声腔模态频率的对应性分析,找出了板件辐射噪声的主要贡献频率。通过对板件贡献量分析找出对驾驶员右耳声学贡献量较大的板件,确定了阻尼材料的最佳粘贴位置和厚度。实车测试表明,粘贴阻尼材料后车内(90 Hz处)声压级降低了4.97 d B,达到了降噪的目的。     

复合材料减振强化板的阻尼性能分析

玻璃纤维增强复合材料减振强化板具有拉伸强度高、弹性系数大、刚度佳和吸收冲击能量大等特点,已经被广泛地应用于多个领域.文章综合分析了E玻璃纤维体积分数与铺层角度对复合材料减振强化板阻尼的影响.试验结果表明:通过增大纤维铺层角度和降低玻璃纤维体积分数,可以增强复合材料减振强化板的阻尼能力.     

基于台架试验的阻尼材料性能分析

介绍了通过使用阻尼材料台架工装测试振动衰减倍率曲线来衡量阻尼材料的性能方法,并对比验证了不同阻尼材料种类、覆盖面积、钢板厚度的阻尼影响;提出了根据模态振型分析布置阻尼材料的方法,介绍了车身不同位置阻尼材料种类的选用,达到阻尼布置方案前期设计目的。     

基于NVH性能的车身阻尼板降重优化

随着重型卡车的发展,驾驶室轻量化与舒适性越来越受到用户的关注,白车身是驾驶室重要的结构件,白车身阻尼板的数量和分布对驾驶室NHV性能的影响尤为明显。文章通过有限元分析软件进行模拟分析,在相同激励源作用下,通过统计分析白车身关键板件的等效辐射声功率(ERP),对白车身ERP耦合峰值较高的部位进行阻尼板的结构优化,使用小范围的阻尼板布置,改进某重型卡车白车身的NVH性能,从而提升驾驶室舒适性并进行轻量化设计。     

带空腔压电智能板的减振降噪实验研究EI北大核心CSCD

将汽车乘坐室简化为一封闭的矩形空腔,搭建了一个在作为矩形空腔的一个面的弹性智能板上装有压电分流阻尼装置的振动控制实验模型。针对弹性板第1阶模态,以压电元件存储电能最大化为目标,对压电元件粘贴位置进行了布局优化。为模拟车内噪声的不同来源和传播途径,分别进行了力锤、扬声器和激振器3种激励下压电分流阻尼的减振降噪实验。实验结果表明,通过压电分流阻尼控制后在1阶模态频率处的智能板频响函数幅值和空腔内声压幅值均有降低。本研究为车内低频噪声的控制提供了新方法。     

简讯

上海桑塔纳轿车国产化共同体成员厂——无锡减振器厂最近从德国RUMMER公司全套引进的阻尼垫流水线进入了试生产阶段。阻尼垫是一种粘贴在白车身内部的垫,用来减低白车身的共振频率,同时也起隔热、隔音与防水等作用。     

厦漳跨海大桥南汊主桥方案液体粘滞阻尼器研究

以厦漳跨海大桥南汊主桥方案为工程背景,研究了液体粘滞阻尼器对该桥抗震性能的影响.利用非线性动力时程分析方法,对阻尼系数和阻尼指数进行了参数分析,并对阻尼器的布置位置进行了探讨.研究发现,通过选择合适的阻尼器参数和布置位置,可明显减小结构关键部位的相对位移,同时可有效降低关键构件的地震力.     

Comparison of Dynamic Models of Mr Damper for Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Large-Sized Buses

The present study has focused on the comparison of MR damper dynamic models for the purpose of hardware in the loop simulation. A vehicle dynamic model for large-sized bus and a control logic for MR damper was built. Two typical MR damper models, viz. Bouc-Wen and hyperbolic tangent model have been considered in this study and the advantages and disadvantages of each model on the aspect of HILS system is discussed. We discussed the limitations of each model based on the analysis of the vehicle dynamic simulation. The results showed that the existing models are not suitable for HILS system. We proposed the modified hyperbolic tangent model by adopting low-pass filters. The results from the simulation showed the advantages of the modified model which were validated through HILS system.     

多体动力学仿真分析在乘用车底盘调校中的应用

针对某乘用车开发FT阶段乘坐舒适性太差的问题,在该车型底盘调校过程中,通过灵敏度分析对底盘参数进行了优化。首先对减震器阻尼特性进行了调整,提出了多个优化方案,其次通过多体动力学建模及分析方法对优化方案进行了预测,最后通过实车的主、客观测评验证了参数优化方案的实际效果。结果表明,调校后的车辆在保证操控性的前提下,乘坐舒适性得到了改善。     

Yaw damper modelling and its influence on railway dynamic stability

This paper deals with the modelling of yaw dampers and determining the influence of the modelling of this component on the results obtained when predicting the dynamic stability of a vehicle. The first part of the work analyses the influence of the yaw damper characteristics on railway dynamic stability. Following this, a physical model of the damper is developed which allows its performance to be reproduced accurately in the whole range of operating conditions the damper is envisaged to operate in. Once obtained, it was found that the computational cost of the model was relatively high. Therefore, a simplified model has been developed. The simplified model allows obtaining accurate results without excessively increasing the time required to perform the simulations. Analysing the results obtained with this model, it has been concluded that with respect to previous model based on conventional approaches, it improves the accuracy of dynamic calculation for the stability assessment. Also, it has been found that the accurate modelling of the yaw damper is critical when dealing with the vehicle's dynamic performance. In the last part of the paper, a special type of yaw damper was studied as well as its effect on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle.     

基于闭环形式的车辆减振器热学特性研究

为了解决某车辆被动悬架系统中减振器由于温升过高而漏油失效的问题,提出了车辆悬架系统机械特性与其热学特性相互耦舍的模型。采用MATLAB／Simulink建立闭环正反馈系统的热一机耦合模型,并通过仿真计算得到某车辆在多种工况以及不同悬架参数条件下减振器的温升特性曲线。研究结果表明：随着路面等级的下降、车速的提高、簧上质量的增大以及悬架刚度的减小,减振器的温度升高;车轮刚度对减振器温升特性影响较小;簧下质量对减振器温升特性无影响。     

摩托车磁流变阻尼器的设计研究

磁流变液是一种新型智能材料,属于可控流体,具有在外加磁场作用下快速可逆地改变流变性能的特点.选择剪切阀式作为阻尼器的工作模式,对磁流变阻尼器的磁路进行设计,优化了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数,并根据理论分析选择阻尼器的结构尺寸,设计制作了单出杆磁流变阻尼器.     

Comparison of Ride Comfort Criteria for Computer Optimization of Vehicles Travelling on Randomly Profiled Roads

This paper discusses and compares some ride comfort criteria which may be suitable for randomly vibrating vehicles. The criteria consider single-figure measures based on response mean square spectral densities for plane linear combined vehicle-passenger models. Eight different measures divided into three groups are studied. The two vehicle suspension damper stiffnesses are numerically optimized with respect to the eight measures of ride comfort. The results are compared and discussed. Two optimizations with respect to five vehicle parameters are also reported.     

基于半主动自适应悬架系统的整车道路友好性研究

为了提高车辆的道路友好性与平顺性,设计了以磁流变减振器为控制对象的整车自适应模糊控制半主动悬架系统。在试验测试和理论分析的基础上,建立了基于磁流变减振器的整车半主动悬架模型及其状态方程,并用该模型对自适应模糊控制方法进行了研究。模型的输入采用B级和C级路面谱;道路友好性评价指标采用动载荷系数和动载荷应力因子;使用MATLAB/Simulink建立基于2个自适应模块的模糊控制器控制系统,模糊控制器的输入均采用车身与车桥的相对速度和相对加速度。仿真结果表明:与被动悬架相比,在B级和C级路面、不同速度下,半主动自适应悬架动载荷系数均降低30%左右,动载荷应力因子均降低40%以上,同时也提高了车辆的运行平顺性和稳定性。     

基于稳健性设计的汽车侧撞车门开启问题研究

在整车的侧面碰撞性能开发试验中,某车型左后车门出现开启现象,影响整车的侧面碰撞安全性能。分析表明侧面碰撞过程中后门的开启与门外板的变形模式及车锁结构的相关性。而车门外板变形对门板厚度、门包边强度的控制很敏感。通过稳健性优化设计,对各个控制因素进行优化选择,使后门系统在侧面碰撞中能够保持稳定的变形模式,从根本上解决碰撞过程中车门开启的问题。     

Dynamic vehicle–track interaction in switches and crossings and the influence of rail pad stiffness – field measurements and validation of a simulation model

A model for simulation of dynamic interaction between a railway vehicle and a turnout (switch and crossing, S&C) is validated versus field measurements. In particular, the implementation and accuracy of viscously damped track models with different complexities are assessed. The validation data come from full-scale field measurements of dynamic track stiffness and wheel–rail contact forces in a demonstrator turnout that was installed as part of the INNOTRACK project with funding from the European Union Sixth Framework Programme. Vertical track stiffness at nominal wheel loads, in the frequency range up to 20?Hz, was measured using a rolling stiffness measurement vehicle (RSMV). Vertical and lateral wheel–rail contact forces were measured by an instrumented wheel set mounted in a freight car featuring Y25 bogies. The measurements were performed for traffic in both the through and diverging routes, and in the facing and trailing moves. The full set of test runs was repeated with different types of rail pad to investigate the influence of rail pad stiffness on track stiffness and contact forces. It is concluded that impact loads on the crossing can be reduced by using more resilient rail pads. To allow for vehicle dynamics simulations at low computational cost, the track models are discretised space-variant mass–spring–damper models that are moving with each wheel set of the vehicle model. Acceptable agreement between simulated and measured vertical contact forces at the crossing can be obtained when the standard GENSYS track model is extended with one ballast/subgrade mass under each rail. This model can be tuned to capture the large phase delay in dynamic track stiffness at low frequencies, as measured by the RSMV, while remaining sufficiently resilient at higher frequencies.     

Comparison of Ride Comfort Criteria for Computer Optimization of Vehicles Travelling on Randomly Profiled Roads

SUMMARY

This paper discusses and compares some ride comfort criteria which may be suitable for randomly vibrating vehicles. The criteria consider single-figure measures based on response mean square spectral densities for plane linear combined vehicle-passenger models. Eight different measures divided into three groups are studied. The two vehicle suspension damper stiffnesses are numerically optimized with respect to the eight measures of ride comfort. The results are compared and discussed. Two optimizations with respect to five vehicle parameters are also reported.