The application of reliability methods in the design of tophat stiffened composite panels under in-plane loading

Composite materials have been widely used in modern engineering fields such as aircraft, space and marine structures due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, structural efficiency gained through the adoption of composite materials can only be guaranteed by understanding the influence of production upon as-designed performance. In particular, topologies that are challenging to production including panels stiffened with pi or tophat stiffeners dominate many engineering applications and often observe complex loading. The design of stiffened composite panels against buckling is a key point of composite structures. While a growing number of studies are related to the reliability analysis of composites few of these relate to the local analysis of more complicated structures. Furthermore for the assessment of these structures in a design environment it is important to have models that allow the rapid assessment of the reliability of these local structures. This paper explores the use of a stochastic approach to the design of stiffened composite panels for which typical applications can be found in composite ship structures. A parametric study is conducted using Navier grillage theory and First-order Reliability Methods to investigate any detectable trend in the safety index with various design parameters. Finally, recommendations are made to provide guidance on applications.     

激光焊接技术在舰船建造中的应用

介绍了激光焊接技术的发展历史、工业焊接用激光源的基本特点、激光焊接技术用于造船业的优势及其存在的困难,重点介绍了激光焊接技术在舰船建造中的应用实例,包括激光焊接大型船板、激光焊接型材、焊接瓦棱夹层板、激光焊接修复等,指出了在舰船建造中开展激光焊接技术研究的必要性。     

舰艇生活舱室色彩设计方法初探

舰艇生活舱室色彩是构成舰员生活环境的一个重要组成部分,对舰员的心理、情感、健康及视觉功能等均有较大影响,积极合理地调节和设计生活舱室色彩,对改善舰艇生活保障能力并提高舰艇战斗力有着十分积极的作用。通过从舰艇自身的特点出发,对以住舱、卫生舱、厨房、餐厅、医疗舱和娱乐舱为代表的各类生活舱室的特点及现况予以分析,利用色彩的作用与效应,提出了各生活舱室的初步配色方案,以利用色彩的视觉功效改善舰员的生活环境、提高舰艇的生活保障能力。     

导管架平台生活楼波纹板等效模型研究

平台生活楼设计计算时应将波纹板纳入计算模型中进行考虑,在有限元分析时可将波纹板的每个褶皱细化为各向同性的平板壳单元来计算,但是该方法在建模时较复杂、费时。针对上述问题,依据相关研究并对相关公式进行修正,建立平台生活楼波纹板适用的正交各向异性平板等效模型,并通过数值计算验证了该方法的可行性。最后,将该等效方法应用于平台生活楼整体结构建模中,建立了考虑波纹板作用的平台生活楼整体等效模型。     

金属夹层结构的舰船应用研究综述

金属夹层结构作为一种未来工程应用的新型结构,在舰船领域有着广阔的应用前景。立足于水面舰船背景,从金属夹层结构的基本类型、在舰船中的应用、抗爆抗冲击性能分析以及目前存在的技术难点等几个方面进行综述,发现在此领域有4个方面的问题亟待解决：应系统地开展舰用金属夹层结构的相关基础研究;需尽快系统地开展关于波纹夹芯板的相关研究;在相关基础研究的基础上,开展设计技术研究;开展大量试验研究工作,降低设计风险。     

海上固定平台生活楼的设计

通过多型固定平台生活楼设计的实践，提出了合理布置生活楼，控制人均建筑面积，优化结构设计，正确选用材料的设计理念，从而减轻生活楼的总质量，降低生活楼的总造价。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on laser-welded corrugated-core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading

Experimental investigations on the laser-welded triangular corrugated core sandwich panels and equivalent solid plates subjected to air blast loading are presented. The experiments were conducted in an explosion tank considering three levels of blast loading. Results show that the maximum deflection, core web buckling and core compaction increased as the decrease of stand-off distance. Back face deflections of sandwich panels were found to be nearly half that of equivalent solid plates at the stand-off distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. At the closest stand-off distance of 50 mm, the panel was found to fracture and fail catastrophically. Autodyn-based numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of sandwich panels. A good agreement was observed between the numerical calculations and experimental results. The model captured most of the deformation/failure modes of panels. Finally, the effects of face sheet thickness and core web thickness on the dynamic response of sandwich panel were discussed.     

计及船体剪力作用和弹性固支的槽型舱壁极限强度分析

本文在Paik等人提出的预测槽型舱壁单槽梁模型极限弯矩的基础上,根据弹塑性导出了考虑到轴向载荷影响的计算公式。然后在同时考虑甲板及双层底对槽型舱壁弹性固支条件下,提出了单槽梁在轴向压力与侧向分布载荷联合作用下的极限压强预测公式。通过将计算结果分别与模型试验的结果和有限元计算的结果进行比较,对公式进行了验证。最后还讨论了轴向压力和端部固支刚度对槽型舱壁极限强度的影响。     

CJ46自升式钻井平台总体布置的优化设计

针对CJ46自升式平台总体布置中通道不合理、生活楼薄板变形、作业效率不高、适用性不强等问题分析原因,结合规范法规要求,综合优化制定相应的解决方案,重点对脱险通道、泥浆池、钻台面、生活楼、飞机平台和潜水泵塔等关键区域进行综合优化改进,提高了钻井作业的效率和适用性,大幅提升了市场竞争力,亦可为其他类型的自升式钻井平台设计提供参考。     

Structural stability of polymer matrix composite panels in fire

Development in advanced composite fabrication technology offers the clear prospect of cost effective application of polymer matrix composites for large load-bearing structures. However, polymer matrix composites can be severely degradated under the thermal condition caused by fire. This paper addresses the compressive load-bearing capacity for polymer matrix composite panels in naval structures and civil infrastructures under the combined thermal–mechanical condition. The failure modes arising from structural instability for single skin and sandwich panels in such combined thermal–mechanical condition are the focus in this study. The thermal field under fire heating and the degradation of mechanical properties with elevated temperature are discussed. Analytical solutions for these mechanical failure modes are presented for design considerations. The approach to the development of a quantitative methodology for fire protection design is discussed in the context of the analyses and the experiments. Design diagrams are constructed to design mechanical loads for given fire protection time, and on the opposite, to design fire protection time for given mechanical loads.     

Compression and hysteresis responses of multilayer gradient composite lattice sandwich panels

In order to improve the combat effectiveness, stealth and safety of the marine structures, we design and fabricate the multilayer gradient composite lattice sandwich panels (MGCLSPs) to achieve excellent mechanical properties, vibration isolation characteristics and lightweight features of structures in the present study. The ideas of bionic gradients and material mixtures are incorporated in the design to improve the damping and vibration isolation behaviors of the MGCLSPs. The compression and hysteresis responses of the empty and polyurethane foam-filled MGCLSPs are investigated experimentally and numerically. It is found that the MGCLSPs have better energy absorption characteristics than the non-gradient panels, and the MGCLSP specimen D1 which is positive gradient absorbs the most energy. The experimental results also show that the addition of polyurethane foam can enhance the strength and energy absorption characteristics of MGCLSPs.     

等效刚度法计算波纹夹层板弯曲变形与应力

[目的]为探索波纹夹层板弯曲问题的计算方法,求解波纹夹层板的弯曲变形与应力,提出一种等效刚度法.[方法]将波纹夹层板中间芯层等效成正交异性体,应用卡氏定理求解芯层的等效弹性模量,最后应用层合板理论计算夹层板的整体刚度.依据夹层板的整体刚度,求解正交异性板的弯曲平衡方程,计算出夹层板的弯曲变形分布;通过求出的变形,应用虎...     

深水半潜式平台大型生活区结构强度研究

结构安全是保证深水半潜式钻井平台在恶劣海况、复杂载荷作用下正常作业的基本前提,而大型生活区往往因参与平台总强度而发生结构损伤,开展对生活区危险区域结构强度和位置布置研究是半潜式平台安全作业运营的重要保障。采用随机性设计波方法确定波浪参数,开展含生活区的半潜式平台结构响应计算和变形分析,总结主导生活区高应力区域的典型波浪载荷工况。通过横向和纵向布置位置对比分析,总结生活区参与平台总强度的规律。结果显示,主导生活区结构强度的典型波浪载荷工况为中纵剖面扭矩和中纵剖面剪力工况;当生活楼前侧围壁与平台首部侧围壁齐平时,参与平台总强度程度较大;生活楼长度增加会增大其参与平台总强度程度;生活楼的长度应避免与平台立柱内侧板的间距相当;分析结果可为半潜式平台生活区设计提供技术支持。     

舰用钢质夹层结构连接节点研究现状综述

激光焊接钢质夹层结构的连接节点,是钢质夹层结构在舰船应用中的关键问题之一。梳理了钢质夹层结构之间、钢质夹层结构与传统船体结构之间的典型连接节点;阐述了钢质夹层结构连接节点的必要性和重要性,分析了连接节点设计需考虑的多种因素：连接强度、制造工艺和结构重量;汇总了平面对接的连接形式的现有研究成果,并总结了2种高效的有限元分析方法：平面应变模型的分析方法和壳-体连接结合子模型的分析方法。     

舰船复合材料夹层板架结构的分级递进优化设计方法

由于复合材料板架结构具有各向异性、界面复杂及可设计变量众多等特性,因而在开展优化设计时往往困难重重。对此,采用分级递进优化设计方法。以某型舰甲板室舷侧复合材料夹层板架结构为对象,首先根据工程实际并结合复合材料板架结构的设计特点,提取所有可设计变量,并在此基础上分析所有设计变量的灵敏度特征规律;然后,对该夹层板架结构进行两级优化计算与分析;最后,对优化前后的计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,分级递进优化设计方法能有效解决复杂的复合材料板架结构多变量设计问题。     

具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余拉伸强度分析

对具有裂纹缺陷的加筋板的剩余强度进行了数值分析.考虑了加筋板上的三种缺陷形式,即板和筋上的垂直裂纹,板和筋上的倾斜裂纹以及板上的裂纹和筋上的圆孔.对板和筋上的相对裂纹长度、材料属性、板和筋的厚度、裂纹开裂角度以及圆孔的直径等影响参数进行了分析.同时,将无加筋板剩余强度的经验公式推广到加筋板,并验证了公式的有效性.     

Evaluation of ultimate strength of stiffened panels under longitudinal thrust

A series of collapse analyses is performed applying nonlinear FEM on stiffened panels subjected to longitudinal thrust. MSC.Marc is used. Numbers, types and sizes of stiffeners are varied and so slenderness ratio as well as aspect ratio of local panels partitioned by stiffeners keeping the spacing between adjacent longitudinal stiffeners the same. Initial deflection of a thin-horse mode is imposed on local panels and that of flexural buckling and tripping modes on stiffeners to represent actual initial deflection in stiffened panels in ship structures. On the basis of the calculated results, buckling/plastic collapse behaviour of stiffened panels under longitudinal thrust is investigated. The calculated ultimate strength are compared with those obtained by applying several existing methods such as CSR for bulk carriers and PULS. Simple formulas for stiffened panels, of which collapse is dominated fundamentally by the collapse of local panels between longitudinal stiffeners, are also examined if they accurately estimate the ultimate strength. Through comparison of the estimated results with the FEM results, it has been concluded that PULS and modified FYH formulas fundamentally give good estimation of the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under longitudinal thrust.     

Assessment of IACS-CSR implicit safety levels for buckling strength of stiffened panels for double hull tankers

The present study aims at applying structural reliability methods to assess the implicit safety levels of the buckling strength requirements for longitudinal stiffened panels implemented in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. The buckling strength requirements considered are used in the initial stage of the hull girder scantlings’ design to control the buckling capacity of longitudinal stiffened panels subjected to the compressive loads induced by the hull girder vertical bending. The following buckling collapse failure modes are explicitly considered in the design formulation: uniaxial buckling of the plating between stiffeners, column buckling of stiffeners with attached plating and lateral-torsional buckling or tripping of stiffeners.The paper presents the procedure used to assess the implicit safety levels of the strength requirements for the three buckling collapse failure modes above mentioned, which includes the optimization of the scantlings of the plate panels and longitudinal stiffeners in order to reflect the minimum strength required by the formulation. A first order reliability formulation is adopted, and stochastic models proposed in the literature are used to quantify the uncertainty in the relevant design variables. A sample of five oil tankers representative of the range of application of the IACS-CSR design rules is considered. The effect of corrosion in the implicit safety levels is quantified based on the three corrosion levels of the Net Thickness Approach (NTA) adopted in the design rules. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to quantify the relative contribution or importance of each design random variable to the implicit safety levels.     

Test of extensively damaged hybrid ship hull

A hybrid ship hull model made with a steel truss and composite sandwich panels was tested and analyzed with the goal of gaining insight into how well this structural concept holds up after major damage. One of the ideas of the concept was to mount the sandwich panels to the steel truss such that they can be blown out in a controlled fashion to ventilate a large internal blast. The hull should be designed to have sufficient strength for the ship to reach a port safely even after such extensive damage. A 6-m model of such a hybrid ship hull, consisting of a stainless steel truss and 60 composite sandwich panels, was manufactured and mechanically tested. A number of panels were then removed one by one and the hull was retested to the design load after each panel had been removed. The removed panels simulated major damage. After nine panels had been removed, from all the different areas of the hull, it could still carry the design load, although with considerable nonreversible deformations of the hull girder. The hull was eventually loaded to final failure, which occurred at 25% above the design load.     

Numerical investigation of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) structure subjected to underwater explosion loading

With the increasing applications in the offshore industry such as oil and gas jackets, submarine pipelines and wind turbine foundations, concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) structures are encountering the ever-increasing risk of threats to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This study presents a systematical investigation on the structural behaviors and design recommendations of the CFDST structures subjected to UNDEX loadings through finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Finite element models have been developed, where the non-linear material properties of the constitutive steel and concrete parts and the composite actions in-between have been considered. The FEA models are verified against the experimentally determined shock wave pressure history, the deformation shapes, and the residual strength. The full-range analyses were firstly carried out on the structural responses of CFDST structures, including the typical damage patterns and residual strength of the specimen after UNDEX. Then, the parametric studies show that the cross-section hollow ratio, charge weight, and explosion distance play great roles in determining the residual strengths. Thereafter, damage indexes considering the parameter of the hollow ratio and the scaled explosion distance has been formulated, and design recommendations have been suggested accordingly.