基于STAR-CCM+的潜艇周围复杂流场数值模拟

为研究潜艇周围复杂的流场分布,本文基于STAR-CCM+软件平台,结合SST k-?模型,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程,分别对均匀来流以及非均匀来流这两种来流方式下潜艇做直航运动以及斜航运动这四种工况下的周围流场进行数值模拟.首先计算了均匀来流下潜艇做直航运动时不同航速下的阻力以及表面不同位置处压力系数及摩擦阻力系数分布,与实验结果符合良好.接下来对四种工况下潜艇周围流场中的漩涡分布,尤其对位于指挥台围壳与尾翼这些附体附近区域的漩涡分布进行了分析,同时还计算了非均匀来流情况不同速度分布形式下潜艇的受力以及力矩,为潜艇平台回收AUV时路线选择提供参考.     

潜艇水面与水下粘性绕流数值模拟

本文采用求解RANS方程的方法结合四种湍流模型,对于带有不同附体的SUBOFF模型尾流场进行了数值模拟。数值预报的桨盘面处不同半径上的轴向无量纲速度与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明湍流模型在数值模拟中起到重要作用。潜艇水面航行性能十分重要,因而对于潜艇自由液面绕流的数值模拟备受关注。本文采用VOF方法对于两条潜艇模型在不同傅汝德数下的自由液面绕流进行了数值模拟。计算得到的阻力、波形与试验结果吻合较好。文中也探讨了潜艇自由液面绕流的一般特性。并验证了用CFD手段预报潜艇粘性流场的能力。     

分层流体中三维球体水下运动尾迹的数值模拟

采用求解RANS方程和基于VOF方法的非定常粘性数值方法并结合湍流模型对球体在两层流体中水下运动时的尾迹特征进行了针对性的研究,成功模拟出球体在水下运动产生的表面波和内波,与理论分析及其文献研究计算结果进行对照,取得了较为一致的结果,为进一步使用粘性CFD方法系统研究分层流体中潜体运动尾迹的生成机理、传播特性等问题打下了坚实的基础.     

基于CFD的潜艇阻力及流场数值计算

运用雷诺平均N-S方程,使用CFD前处理软件ICEM CFD划分流场网格,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,实现了对裸潜体、带指挥台围壳艇体、带十字尾翼艇体、全附体潜艇4种模型的阻力及粘性流场的数值模拟。通过数值模拟,得到了潜艇表面压力分布情况和附体附近流场的一些特性,为进一步优化潜艇的艇型和分析潜艇的流噪声打下了基础。而阻力的对比在一定程度上验证了数值模拟的可靠性。     

潜艇含指挥台附体区域周围粘性流场的多块耦合计算

本文将作者先期发展的复杂流场多块耦地潜艇含指挥台附体区域周围粘性流场进行了计算。对由于指挥台而造成的潜艇后体不均匀流场作了较成功的数值模拟，为潜艇后体流场及尾流场的试验研究和理论计算打下了良好的基础。     

国外非声探潜与隐身技术发展趋势

潜艇的非声特征包括潜艇自身的磁场特征、光学特征、雷达特征和红外特征,以及潜艇运动在周围水体中留下的"痕迹"——尾迹特征。论文从直接探测潜艇自身物理场特征和间接探测潜艇尾迹特征两个方面,对潜艇的非声特征和非声探测技术的发展进行了回顾,并分析了非声探测技术的对潜艇的威胁,展望了非声隐身技术措施及发展方向。     

水平面操纵运动中潜艇受到的"离面载荷"的数值模拟

本文用数值方法研究了潜艇模型在水平面做操纵运动的过程中受到的垂向力和俯仰力矩.这种"离面载荷"来源于指挥台围壳梢涡诱导的环量和指挥台之后的艇体受到的横向流动之间的相互作用.本文用求解RANS方程的方法模拟了潜艇模型的斜航拖曳试验和旋臂回转试验.文中不仅分析了这两种情况下的受力和力矩,还捕捉到了操纵运动中潜艇绕流的漩涡结构,最后对产生离面载荷的物理机理进行了讨论.     

潜艇上浮力学分析与数值模拟综述

无论是常规潜艇还是核潜艇都会进行上浮运动,潜艇主艇体截面近似为椭圆,尾翼近似为矩形平板,因此上浮过程最终可以看做是椭圆截面绕流和平板绕流力学问题。在上浮至水平面处时,应采取水下数值模拟方法对问题进行分析,同时应考虑自由液面问题对水下数值模拟方法的影响,因此自由边界的数值方法对应急上浮运动研究也是至关重要的。     

CFD在潜艇外形方案比较中的应用

以水滴型潜艇为母型进行改造,提出了新型椭圆截面和碟形截面的潜艇外形设计.水滴型潜艇的型值选用"大青花鱼"号的简化型值,在船长与排水量不变的条件下通过改变截面形状给出了后两种新艇型的型值,建立了计算模型.采用有限体积法求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了三种艇体周围的粘性流场,通过对三者的粘性绕流和阻力性能的比较,给出了三种方案各自的优缺点.     

全附体潜艇三维粘性流场数值计算方法研究

采用不同的湍流模型和网格形式对SUBOFF全附体模型进行三维粘性流场数值模拟,将计算所得的艉部伴流场同有关文献的试验结果进行比较,并以伴流分数对周向角的曲线形式展现出来,分析了湍流模型、艇体周向网格节点间距和y+值对全附体潜艇三维粘性流场数值计算结果的影响.     

海上浮式风机在波浪作用下的动力响应分析

基于三维线性频域势流理论和脉冲响应函数方法计算时延函数与时域波浪力,利用准静定系泊模型来模拟系泊力,利用计算流体力学方法得到粘性阻尼系数,建立了风机在波浪作用下的时域运动方程.论文求解DeepCwind半潜式平台风机的动力响应,计算结果与试验值以及其他数值模拟结果吻合的较好,证明了方法的适用性.     

Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

前缘引流对船舶阻力及伴流分布的影响

针对一双艉无球艏的中速船,采用SIMPLEIC算法和SSTk-ω湍流模型对原型和开孔引流模型进行数值模拟计算,探讨不同开孔形状、开孔尺寸和出流位置对船舶艉部流场特性和阻力的影响规律。计算结果表明：开孔引流在本船上未能实现有效减阻,但不同开孔参数下阻力变化规律明显;引流对船舶艉部流场分布影响显著,改善了艉轴处伴流场分布,对提高螺旋桨推进效率有益。     

舰船气泡尾流数值模拟(英文)

Based on a volume of fluid two-phase model imbedded in the general computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT6.3.26, the viscous flow with free surface around a model-scaled KRISO container ship (KCS) was first numerically simulated. Then with a rigid-lid-free-surface method, the underwater flow field was computed based on the mixture multiphase model to simulate the bubbly wake around the KCS hull. The realizable k-ε two-equation turbulence model and Reynolds stress model were used to analyze the effects of turbulence model on the ship bubbly wake. The air entrainment model, which is relative to the normal velocity gradient of the free surface, and the solving method were verified by the qualitatively reasonable computed results.     

直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷特性数值模拟

以三类内孤立波理论(KdV、eKdV和MCC)的适用性条件为依据,将内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度作为入口条件,采用Navier-Stokes方程为流场控制方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波对直立圆柱体强非线性作用的数值模拟方法.结果表明,数值模拟所得内孤立波波形及其振幅与相应理论和实验结果一致,并且直立圆柱体内孤立波水平力、垂向力及其力矩数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合.直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,其中摩擦力很小,可以忽略;对于水平力,其波浪压差力与粘性压差力量级相当,流体粘性的影响显著;对于垂向力,粘性压差力很小,流体粘性影响可以忽略.此外,直立圆柱体对内孤立波的波形及其诱导流场的影响很小,因此采用Morison公式和傅汝德—克雷洛夫力分别计算其内孤立波水平力和垂向力是可行的.     

水下航行器排放冷却水温度分布特性研究

根据计算流体动力学理论建立了水下航行器排出冷却水形成热尾流的浮升规律的数学模型,采用有限体积法来离散求解三维湍流数学模型,对水下航行器排出热尾流的浮升特性进行了数值计算分析,得到了热尾流轨迹和热尾流温度场分布图像,将热尾流的试验结果与理论数值模拟结果进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。文中建立的水下航行器排放冷却水浮升模型可预测热尾流的温度分布特性和预先估计海面温度场分布状况,为红外探潜提供了理论依据。     

基于高雷诺数的并联双圆柱绕流研究

文章采用基于边界瞬时涡量守候的拉格朗日方法(IVCBC),结合并列双圆柱的特点,建立了双圆柱绕流数值计算模型。对高雷诺数下Re=6×10~4,间隙率为T/D=1.1~7的并联圆柱双圆柱二维绕流特性进行了研究。提出了双圆柱间隙中点的速度区别宽窄尾流的新方法。分别讨论了流体力系数随间距增加的特点,脉动流体力的特点,尾流特征以及斯托哈尔数特征。研究发现:区别宽窄尾流的新方法是可靠的;在双圆柱尾流附近有五种尾流模型存在;同时发现了在宽窄尾流的频率,存在一个中间频率。     

Numerical analysis on free surface waves and stern viscous flow of a ship model

This paper deals with numerical techniques for computing the viscous flow past a ship hull with and without a free surface using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with global conservation. In the first technique, a coarse grid is used to find an approximate solution to the free surface problem. Interpolation of a fine grid is subsequently carried out, and a more exact solution, particularly in the boundary layer and wake, is obtained. In the second technique, a modified Baldwin-Lomax model is introduced to compute the viscous flow with and without a free surface. These numerical techniques are applied to simulations of the flow around a Series 60 and an SR196C ship model. The results are compared with measurement data, and the usefulness of the numerical techniques is demonstrated.     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

船船水动力相互作用的CFD分析研究（英文）

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.