PRINCIPLE, CONSTRUCTION AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR THE OMNIDIRECTIONAL MOBILE ROBOT——ICE-SKATER ROBOT

IntroductionAccording to Prof.Shigeo Hirose,there arethree main basic types of locomotion for mobilerobot:1 artificial rotational device,such as wheelsand crawlers,2 legs and 3articulated bodies,which is similar to the body of a snake[1] .Thelegged robot can move on not only an even groundbut rugged terrain and makes omnidirectional mo-tion without slippage,it will increase the totalweight of the robotifa number ofbulky and heavyactuators,steering and braking mechanisms are at-tached to the m…     

压电陶瓷驱动微小型机器人的运动分析与仿真

为满足桌面工厂对机器人在平面内大行程、高精度和全方位运动的要求,研制了一种压电陶瓷驱动的微小型机器人.该机器人采用stick-and-slip运动原理,通过压电陶瓷和电磁铁的配合动作,在铁磁性工作表面上实现了前进、后退、左转、右转和原地旋转运动.在假设平行配置的压电陶瓷驱动器在每一步的运动过程中保持平行基础上,分析了一步运动中机器人的4个支撑脚的坐标变化情况,进而推导出在该条件下反映机器人位姿变化的运动学差分模型.计算结果显示,机器人直线运动最大步长为0.042 0 mm,旋转运动最大偏转角度为0.185°/步.通过开环轨迹控制、点-点位姿控制和路径跟踪闭环控制实验,验证了机器人应用于桌面工厂时的可行性.     

Study and Development of the Biped Ice Skating Robot with Passive Wheels

A new passive wheel type of biped ice-skating robot(BISR)which was able to imitate human skating motion was developed. Firstly, the characteristics of two types of human skating gait were introduced; secondly, after simplifying the kinematical model, the BISR's motion principle was presented; then the construction and control system of BISR were proposed; at last, the skating experiment of the BISR in a symmetric gait mode was conducted and some conclusions were drawn.     

欠驱动船舶非线性滑模靠泊控制器

为了准确控制典型靠泊操纵,分析了带有加速度非完整约束的欠驱动水面船舶的自动靠泊问题,设计了动态输出反馈控制器。利用递归分解迭代设计方法,在扩展状态空间定义了非线性滑模,将控制系统的轨迹设计与跟踪问题转化为标量零阶系统的镇定控制问题,结合增量反馈技术,无需对不确定模型参数以及风、流干扰进行估计,完成典型靠泊操纵的自动控制。仿真结果表明:控制器对干扰变化不敏感,具有强的鲁棒性,且船舶平面运动轨迹设计过程简单,可以仅通过一个参数进行轨迹调节。     

一种冗余度机器人零空间中的混沌

基于反馈线性化控制理论，推导出了平面3R刚性冗余度机器人的零动态方程。通过Poincare映射图和采用最大Lyapunov指数方法，对平面3R刚性冗余度机器人零空间运动状态(规则或混沌运动)进行了数值模拟，获得了它的自运动状态与其零空间中的矢量之间的关系．研究结果表明，冗余度机器人自运动中的混沌现象不仅与初始条件有关，也与其零空间中的矢量有直接关系。     

非完整力学系统中Hamilton原理应用中的问题

本文从数学推演、力学系统运动的初值问题的提法和变分原理的基本要求这三个方面论述了 Hamilton 变分原理不适用于非完整力学系统。     

视觉伺服机器人视界内的直接路径规划

建立了GRB-400单目视觉伺服机器人的图像雅可比矩阵，针对此动态双环系统设计了控制算法使视觉伺服闭环运动控制系统稳定．根据视觉伺服闭环运动控制系统的需要，提出了最速下降法与惩罚函数法相结合的平面规划方法,在机器人的视界内解决一定时间内最小能量的路径规划问题．仿真与实验结果表明。机器人根据在其视觉范围内的目标物体的位置即可采用上述方法确定优化的路径。     

Research on Miniature Hexapod Bio-robot

This paper described the structure and control of a new kind of miniature hexapod bio-robot, analyzed the moving principle of the robot. The robot is based on the principle of bionics, its structure is simple, design novel, unique. It can move forwards and backwards. The external dimensions of bio-robot is： length 30 mm, width 40 mm, height 20 mm, weight 6. 3 g. Some tests about the model robot were made. The experimental results show that the robot has good mobility.     

机器人的三维运动仿真

通过对一个机器人机械手三维实时运动仿真系统实例的介绍和分析，阐述了利用OpenGL图形库实现机器人运动仿真的有效方法，重点分析了机器人运动学模型的构建及仿真过程的动态显示，并且讨论了该仿真系统的主要功能模块构成。最后总结了该仿真系统的主要特点，指出了OpenGL在机器人运动仿真中的应用前景。     

Study on Distributed Motion of Self-Reconfigurable Robot Based on Local Rules

The eigenvector of a module with six adjacent module's state was constructed according to self-reconfigurable robot M-Cubes and the configuration of system was expressed with the eigenvectors of all modules.According to the configuration and motion characteristics of the modules,a 3-dimension motion rule set was provided.The rule sets of each module was run according to eigenvector of the module after the motion direction of system decided and motion rules were selected.At last,the rapid and effective motion and metamorphosis were realized in system.The rule sets are operated on three systems and the distributed motion of system is fully realized.The result of simulation shows that the 3-dimension motion rule sets has perfect applicability and extensibility.The motion steps and communication load of the modules increase with the module number in linear.     

场地搜救机器人路径规划

介绍了场地搜救轮式移动机器人的硬件组成及工作原理。提出了一种能迅速、准确的搜索到目标信号的路径规划算法。实验表明,该算法可使搜救机器人避开障碍物、识别边界、自动定位,降低了搜索时间,提高了搜索到目标的可靠性。     

船舶编队控制综述

研究了船舶编队控制的特点,从船舶编队控制结构、编队路径规划、编队运动建模和编队运动控制4个方面分别对现状和方法进行分析;介绍了船舶编队控制原理,描述了船舶编队领导-跟随结构、虚拟结构、图论结构、基于行为结构的数学表示方法及应用场景;针对船舶编队路径规划,总结了编队环境建模、全局路径规划和局部避碰规划等最新方法及其特点,展示了基于粒子群优化算法的船舶编队局部避碰效果;针对船舶编队控制运动建模,构建了考虑干扰、控制时延和约束的船舶编队水动力模型,并将该模型在船舶编队过闸控制场景中进行了验证;针对船舶编队运动控制,归纳了典型集中式、分散式和分布式编队控制器特点,指出分布式编队控制器具有更好的鲁棒性和可扩展性,设计了基于分布式模型预测控制的编队航行控制器。研究结果表明:目前船舶编队控制技术瓶颈主要体现在有人/无人编队共融、岸端驾控为主的内河船舶编队控制、不确定干扰下的船舶编队控制、通信受限下船舶编队鲁棒控制、特殊水域船舶编队控制和船舶编队控制一致性等方面;在未来船舶编队发展中,应重点解决船舶编队分布式协同控制、船舶编队任务多元化控制、基于生物群体机制的船舶编队控制、特殊水域船舶编队控制、人工智能技术在船舶编队控制中的应用等问题。      

A real-time collision-free path planning of a rust removal robot using an improved neural network

In this paper, a real-time collision-free path planning of the rust removal robot in a ship environment is proposed, which is based on an improved biologically inspired neural network algorithm. This improved algorithm is based on the biologically inspired neural network and modified with obstacle detection sensors and kinematic state templates, and is implemented in a ship rust removal robot planning system for dynamic trajectory generation. The real-time optimal trajectory is generated by the biologically inspired neural network, and the moving obstacle detection process of a ship robot working on the wall is simulated with the obstacle detection sensors models. The local real-time trajectory can be re-planned by the updated local map information, where the obstacle detection sensors are used to inspect partial environment information and update the robot nearby information in real time in the original neural network algorithm. At the same time, the method of the kinematic state templates matching and searching is used to solve the pipes’ influence of the rust removal robot climbing on the wall, which can not only provide a smooth path, but also can judge the motion direction and turning angle of the robot. Comparison of the proposed approach with the simulation shows that the improved algorithm is capable of planning a real-time collision-free path with achieving the local environmental information and judging the rust removal robot’s motion direction and turning angle. This proposed algorithm can be good used in the ship rust removal robot.     

Development of a Robotic Cochlear Implantation System

Traditional cochlear implantation surgery has problems such as high surgical accuracy requirement and large trauma,which cause the difficulty of the operation and the high requirements for doctors,so that only a few doctors can complete the operation independently.However,there is no research on robotic cochlear implantation in China.In response to this problem,a robotic cochlear implantation system is proposed.The robot is controlled by robot operating system (ROS).A simulation environment for the overall surgery is established on the ROS based on the real surgery environment.Through the analysis of the kinematics and the motion planning algorithm of the manipulator,an appropriate motion mode is designed to control the motion of the manipulator,and perform the surgery under the simulation environment.A simple and feasible method of navigation is proposed,and through the model experiment,the feasibility of robotic cochlear implantation surgery is verified.     

机器人用高精度RV减速机几何回差分析

分析并建立了机器人用高精度ＲＶ减速机几何回差计算的数学模型。并通过计算机模拟与生产实践予以验证。     

具有亚像素精度的冗余特征机器人视觉伺服控制

为克服机器人视觉伺服系统对位姿估算及标定精度的依赖性,结合前期特征识别和后期视觉伺服控制,提出基于冗余特征的机器人视觉伺服控制方法.首先,针对图像处理计算密集的问题,从加快特征提取运算速度考虑,研究了矢量数据的递归贪婪压缩算法;其次,从提高图像空间测量精度考虑,研究了基于向量正交性的亚像素特征提取方法,并结合合作目标形状,给出基于多边形形状拟合的目标识别实验性准则;最后,基于图像视觉伺服理论和任务函数方法,直接以具有亚像素级的冗余图像特征作为反馈信息,建立了机器人视觉伺服控制模型,并进行了视觉伺服验证试验.理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的视觉伺服控制方法能够在复杂的环境下快速稳定地提取伺服特征,并对标定误差和深度估计误差具有一定的鲁棒性.      

工业机器人单目双视的应用研究

工业机器人单目双视系统充分利用机器人位姿便于调整的优势,在机器人带动摄像机一起运动过程中,对包含工件的场景进行多次图像采集,实现目标点三维坐标的识别。论文介绍了机器人摄像机的非线性快速补偿算法的定标原理,给出了机器人单目双视三维检测实验。单目双视结合工业机器人控制软件,可使工业机器人能实时调整运动轨迹也可对工件进行非接触测量,提高了工业机器人的适应性和灵活性。     

Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance for Application of Human-Robot Cooperative Dispensing Medicines

For safety reasons,in the automated dispensing medicines process,robots and humans cooperate to accomplish the task of drug sorting and distribution.In this dynamic unstructured environment,such as a human-robot collaboration scenario,the safety of human,robot,and equipment in the environment is paramount.In this work,a practical and effective robot motion planning method is proposed for dynamic unstructured environments.To figure out the problems of blind zones of single depth sensor and dynamic obstacle avoidance,we first propose a method for establishing offline mapping and online fusion of multi-sensor depth images and 3D grids of the robot workspace,which is used to determine the occupation states of the 3D grids occluded by robots and obstacles and to conduct real-time estimation of the minimum distance between the robot and obstacles.Then,based on the reactive control method,the attractive and repulsive forces are calculated and transformed into robot joint velocities to avoid obstacles in real time.Finally,the robot's dynamic obstacle avoidance ability is evaluated on an experimental platform with a UR5 robot and two KinectV2 RGB-D sensors,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.     

基于新型性能指标的冗余度机械臂重复运动规划之方案分析与验证

为解决冗余度机器人手臂在运动过程中出现的关节角偏差问题,探讨与分析了一种基于新型性能指标的二次型优化模型,以使机械臂的关节能实现重复运动.在考虑各种关节物理极限(如关节角度极限和关节速度极限)的情况下,该模型最终被转化为一个标准的二次型优化问题来求解.同时,基于负梯度法的原理分析和基于PUMA560的平面四连杆机械臂的计算机仿真结果表明,该方案具有可行性和有效性.     

Design and Implementation of the Motion Compensation Module for HDTV Video Decoder

Introduction The HDTV format adopts MPEG-2MP@HLvideo standard for the encoding and decoding ofhigh definition video information[1].Motion com-pensation is one of the key techniques used to con-siderably decrease the time redundancy of a videosequence and make the format reach a high com-pression ratio.As for hardware implementation,however,the motion compensation module is one ofthe most computation-intensive and I/O intensiveparts in an HDTV video decoder[2],and thereforeit is also the…