含断桩缺陷的大直径嵌岩桩水平承载性状数值模拟分析

在桩基施工过程中经常出现缺陷桩,其中断桩是一种非常常见的桩身缺陷形式。为了研究断桩缺陷对桩基水平承载性状的影响,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对含有断桩缺陷的大直径嵌岩桩水平承载性状进行分析。分别建立无缺陷的单桩,浅层断桩的单桩和深层断桩的单桩有限元模型,利用ABAQUS强大的接触面模拟功能,建立桩身与岩体之间的接触对,岩体采用Mohr-Coulomb模型。通过计算提取模型应力分布云图,位移分布云图和单桩的挠度曲线,对比分析不同断桩深度的大直径嵌岩桩在水平荷载作用下的承载性状。研究成果表明浅层断桩对桩的水平承载力影响较大,且随着桩身断裂位置的变浅,桩身挠度零点的位置也随之上移。     

小水平力作用下推力桩的三参数拟合计算

本研究给出了小水平力作用下推力桩的拟合计算与分析。实测资料与拟合计算结果的对比分析表明,运用三参数算法可在不改变基本微分方程的情况下,进行不同荷载阶段推力桩的力学性状的拟合,且对小水平力作用下推力桩的性状拟合效果较好。小水平力作用下推力桩的拟合计算结果,反映出浅层地基土的横向反力贡献大于深层地基土。     

竖向荷载作用下群桩的数值模拟研究

文中以桩土复合地基为研究对象,采用有限差分程序FLAC3D,通过考虑桩土界面接触摩擦作用,对复合地基承载变形特性进行了分析,模拟桩土界面接触作用,研究分析复合地基沉降变形的组成,为揭示群桩基础的作用机理提供了技术支持,并为工程实际计算提供了一种较为准确的方法。     

水平及竖直荷载下群桩变形性状分析

采用三维有限元分析方法对水平及竖直荷载作用下群桩基础的变形性状进行了研究分析,讨论了竖直荷载,水平荷载及两种荷载共同作用下群桩的位移应力响应。研究表明在经常承受水平荷载的结构中,群桩基础上的水平荷载不容忽略,在设计和施工中应格外注意。研究为实际工程提供了一定的技术参考。     

分离卸荷式板桩码头工作性状的静力分析

分离卸荷式板桩码头,作为近年来一种新型码头结构形式,在保持传统板桩码头优势的同时,可适用于深水泊位。目前,对其工作性状和工作机理的理论研究还不够成熟。为进一步了解其工作性状,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对某分离卸荷式板桩码头进行有限元建模和静力分析,分析卸荷承台及群桩设置的作用及工作性状,为码头设计及优化提供相关依据。     

大直径负摩擦灌注长桩荷载-沉降关系研究

提出大直径灌注长桩工作性状并同时考虑负摩阻力的桩侧荷载传递模型，桩端采用双曲线荷载传递模型模拟土的非线性变形特性，并引入混凝土的Rusch模型来考虑高荷载水平作用下桩身混凝土的弹塑性性状，采用Mindlin解答以考虑桩侧摩阻力在桩端处产生的桩端位移，从而建立了层状地基中大直径负摩擦灌注长桩的荷载传递分析理论。根据该理论计算得到的荷载一沉降曲线与实测的曲线较为吻合，可作为确定大直径灌注长桩承载力的依据，经过对工程实例的计算与实测对比分析，证明该理论可靠、方法简单，且具有较好的适用性。     

海洋采油平台隔水套管群（桩）水平承载力研究

通过对模型试验结果的分析，研究了海洋采油平台在冰和波浪等水平荷载作用下，隔水套管的工作性状，提出了方便实用的群桩效率计算方法和隔管水平承载力的计算方法，并得到了原型试桩资料的验证。     

复杂地质环境下超长深水钻孔灌注单桩承载性能

超长深水钻孔灌注桩荷载传递机理较为复杂,尤其是在复杂地质环境下,研究其承载性能对该类桩优化设计、施工具有重要作用。结合试桩自平衡静载试验资料,应用有限元软件GTS分析了超长深水钻孔灌注桩单桩在不同风化程度构造岩交替分布地层中的承载能力,其中土体本构关系采用Mohr-Coulomb模型,桩土界面设置接触单元,利用梁单元对桩进行数值模拟。结果表明:静载试验的Q-S曲线实测值和计算值吻合较好,桩的承载性能良好;桩端沉降在桩侧摩阻力发挥一定程度时开始显现,现场桩底沉渣清除较彻底;桩的轴力和桩侧摩阻力随深度变化受交替分布地层影响明显,并呈现一定规律。     

水平地震作用下高桩码头结构响应谱分析

以高桩码头一个结构段为研究对象,建立空间有限元模型,采用振型分解反应谱法探讨了此类结构在水平地震作用下的响应,对不同地震方向作用下码头桩基内力变化进行分析。计算结果表明:结构在纵向水平地震作用下叉桩桩顶弯矩明显大于横向水平地震作用下的桩顶弯矩;当码头桩基布置对纵轴不对称时,纵向水平地震作用下桩的扭矩较大;横向地震作用下,后叉桩的轴力较大。研究结果可为高桩码头的抗震设计提供参考。     

水平循环荷载作用下单桩基础承载性状数值分析

文章采用ABAQUS有限元软件分析了桩顶自由长度、桩长径比、桩土刚度比等因素对水平循环荷载作用下桩基础承载性状的影响。结果表明:随着桩顶自由长度增大,桩身弯矩呈非线性增大,桩身水平约束减小,从而降低了桩的水平承载力。桩径的增加使桩身上部的水平承载能力逐渐提高,达到一定值时,桩逐渐从柔性桩转变成刚性桩。随着桩土刚度比的增加,桩顶以下0~6 m范围内桩身弯矩减小,6 m以下桩身弯矩变大,桩身水平位移0点位置下移。     

基于ABAQUS的载人潜水器观察窗结构蠕变行为分析

[目的]观察窗作为载人潜水器(HOV)人员和结构安全的核心部件,准确计算其长周期载荷作用下的结构蠕变性能极其重要.[方法]首先,基于观察窗树脂玻璃材料(丙烯酸塑料材料)拉伸试件蠕变测试数据结果,通过多参数比较优化方法确定时效硬化蠕变模型的基本参数;然后,通过ABAQUS进行观察窗结构建模,耦合时效硬化模型和结构接触,以...     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

Catenary riser sliding and rolling on seabed during induced lateral movement

Catenary risers have an interaction zone with the seabed, usually referenced as flowline. Movements in this region can be induced by sea currents and large offsets in floating unit, leading to touchdown position changes and affecting internal loads along riser length. In this work the contact flowline-seabed is modeled including sliding and rolling friction. Case studies involving large offsets in floating unit and lateral sea currents are solved to better understand the consequences of possible rolling and large sliding. The riser is modeled using a geometrically-exact finite element beam model. The contact is addressed with a new technique to include rotation movements from underlying beam models. This leads to global riser models including complex kinematics, being able to represent scenarios with alternating sliding/rolling and its consequences on internal loads of riser structure. A parametric study is performed to measure the influence of the friction coefficient in tension and torsion along typical flexible pipe and steel pipe catenary risers.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of ship windows subjected to quasi-static pressure loads

High load-carrying capacity of ship windows is important for ship safety. This aspect has recently become significant after several incidents with broken windows in superstructures had occurred. In order to get more insight into the failure behavior and into the interaction between glass windows and surrounding wall structure, experiments and numerical investigations of windows subjected to quasi-static as well as impact loads were performed. In this paper quasi-static ultimate load tests with full-scale test models, each containing a clamped or bonded laminated safety glass window, are described. Finite element modeling of the steel structure, laminated glass, and elastomer bonding or gasket is outlined in detail. Material data are based on small-scale tests of steel and glass specimens, and on published data. Afterwards a method to calculate failure probabilities of glass panes under pressure loads is presented. Failure probabilities for the glass panes in the tests are determined and failure mechanisms are clarified. Finally, hints for designing safe windows and for improving window designs are given.     

基于ANSYS的高精度管路系统抗冲击仿真方法及试验验证

针对船舶管路系统抗冲击性能仿真方法精度不足的问题,研究用于舰船管路系统的高精度抗冲击仿真方法。采用ANSYS有限元实体建模技术、冲击时域分析法对空间管路系统抗冲击性能进行研究,搭建管路系统抗冲击试验平台,对不同冲击载荷下管路系统的抗冲击性能进行试验验证,最后以舰艇典型管路系统为算例,研究三向冲击载荷作用下舰船管路的抗冲击性能。研究给出了基于接触单元、弹性约束、实体附件单元等高精确的管路建模技术,提出了船舶管路抗冲击时域仿真流程。研究表明,采用时域分析法和实体建模技术满足抗冲击仿真高精度的要求,舰船空间管路系统的横向抗冲击性能较差,法兰、直角弯管处、连接支管处等部位为管路系统薄弱结构。根据仿真结果,文章还提出了一系列用于工程实践的管路优化布置方法。     

A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads

Flexible pipes are key equipment for offshore oil and gas production systems, conveying fluids between the platform and subsea wells. The structural arrangement of unbonded flexible pipes is quite complex, encompassing several layers with polymeric, metallic and textile materials. Different topologies and a large amount of intricate nonlinear contact interactions between and within their components, especially because of the relative stick-slip mechanism during bending, makes numerical analysis challenging. This paper presents an alternative three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model that describes the response of flexible pipes subjected to combined axisymmetric and bending loads. To simulate the response of a flexible pipe under axial tension or compression combined with uniform curvature, an equivalent thermal loading is employed on the external sheath, which is modelled as an orthotropic thermal expansion material with temperature-independent mechanical properties. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, the bending moment versus curvature of the finite element solution is compared with experimental results obtained in literature and good agreements are found between them. Detailed finite element results such as contact pressures, armour wire slip displacements and friction, normal and transverse bending stresses are also shown and compared with available analytical models.     

冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨强度的有限元分析

论文研究了冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨的强度问题。基于冰载荷经验公式和五种典型计算工况,利用有限元法进行了冰载荷下螺旋桨的强度分析。建立了一种冰/桨叶碰撞计算模型,对碰撞过程中接触力的变化及螺旋桨的动态响应进行了研究。计算结果可供螺旋桨结构设计时参考。     

基于ANSYS和Certon-Dolan理论分析估计疲劳寿命的方法

依据累积疲劳损伤法-迈纳(Miner)法和应力寿命曲线(S-N)推导变幅多级载荷下等效应力及强度判据公式;结合ANSYS有限元分析软件和柯顿-多兰(Certon-Dolan)理论,通过APDL(Ansys Pa- rameter Design Language)参数化建模,分析出不同载荷下应力集中的部位,将有限元网格划分的危险部位节点单元的应力值取出,代入理论公式估算疲劳寿命,具体分析多级载荷加载次序对疲劳寿命的影响,比较Miner方法和Certon-Dolan方法优劣,并提供设计参考数据和理论判据。     

海上风机吸力式桶形基础竖向承载力特性研究

吸力式桶形基础作为一种新型的海上风机基础,正逐渐以单桶或者多桶组合形式被应用于海上风机支撑基础设计中。然而目前对应用于海上风机基础的桶形基础的极限承载力的研究仍存在研究不全面和结果不统一的问题。本文以宽浅型单桶基础为例,采用有限元软件Abaqus对海上风机吸力式桶形基础在饱和黏土地基中的竖向承载特性进行三维有限元分析。考虑桶土接触面分离条件对极限承载力和土体破坏模式的影响,并且对桶形基础长径比、土体的有效重度以及土体不排水抗剪强度分布对桶形基础竖向极限承载特性的影响进行分析。研究成果可以为海上风机吸力式桶形基础设计提供参考。     

大面积堆载对轨道吊桩基础的影响

由于拟建露天卷钢堆场地基土持力层为深厚淤泥及淤泥质土,大面积卷钢堆载引起土体产生的竖向及侧向位移将严重影响堆场轨道吊桩基础的安全和使用,故必须对地基土进行处理。采用有限元数值分析的方法,对未处理、水泥搅拌桩处理、堆载预压3种情况下大面积卷钢堆载对轨道吊桩基础影响进行分析,得出3种情况下桩基的受力及变形情况。通过多方面对比分析,最终确定适合本场地的地基处理方案。