离心力作用下涡轮转子的径向变形

为了便于进一步研究叶顶间隙变化规律以及对轮盘和叶片进行强度计算,文章建立了在离心力作用下燃气轮机涡轮转子的径向变形模型。定性分析和定量计算了在不同转速和不同材料的弹性模量下,离心力对转子径向伸长量的影响。并分析了叶片离心力对轮盘变形影响的大小。所得结果表明,离心力引起的转子伸长量正比于转速的二次方;伸长量的变化率正比于转速和角加速度的乘积;且相对于叶片的径向伸长量而言,轮盘的径向变形量更为显著;叶片离心力作用在对轮盘径向变形的作用中占有一定比重;随着轮盘弹性模量增加,离心力引起的转子伸长量减小。     

6S50MC船用柴油机活塞头强度分析

对6S50MC柴油机的活塞头进行三维建模和网格划分,仿真得到活塞头的温度场,并对活塞头进行热分析、机械分析和耦合场作用下的强度分析。计算活塞头的温度场分布,分析活塞头在不同负荷作用下的强度。计算得出活塞头在热负荷作用下的最大应力和最大变形符合设计要求。应力集中和变形主要是由热负荷引起的,为了减少热负荷的破坏作用,应该对活塞头加强冷却和改进结构设计。     

压气机拉杆瞬态应力与紧力分析

为研究压气机转子冷态启动过程中拉杆预紧力的变化规律和拉杆应力的分布规律,建立转子的1/24循环对称有限元模型。考虑拉杆凸台与拉杆孔的接触非线性、轮盘和拉杆的材料非线性以及几何非线性,对转子进行瞬态热固耦合分析,得到拉杆预紧力、拉杆应力在离心力、热载荷作用下的变化规律。结果表明：在离心力作用下,拉杆预紧力减小,拉杆的径向形变使拉杆应力较高;在热载荷作用下,拉杆和转子的温度分布、材料属性的不同使拉杆预紧力呈先增大后减小的变化规律。     

无轴轮缘推进器的间隙流动功耗与散热

针对间隙流体的摩擦功耗及其对电机散热的影响问题,利用流体计算软件FLUENT计算不同结构参数和工况参数下间隙内的摩擦扭矩变化,并与经验公式得出的结果进行对比分析,结果显示两者相吻合。对考虑电机发热因素间隙流体的温度场分布进行数值计算,分析不同参数对间隙流体温度分布的影响规律。研究结果表明:轴向和径向间隙尺寸越大,间隙流体摩擦功耗均越大,但增大间隙尺寸对电机散热有利,因此间隙尺寸设计需综合考虑功耗、散热和磁场强度等;间隙尺寸和水流速度等是影响间隙流道温度场分布的关键因素,推进器工作产生的推力导致转子轴向移动,间隙流道功耗随之增加,温度场分布也发生变化。     

对接间隙对钽薄板TIG氦弧焊熔池形态影响的数值分析

为了研究焊接过程中对接间隙对熔池形态的影响,本文基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,针对钽薄板微间隙TIG氦弧焊接方法,用数值模拟的方法计算了钽薄板TIG氦弧对接焊过程中对接间隙存在时温度场的分布以及不同对接间隙时熔池表面形态的变化.分析了对接间隙的变化对熔池表面形状的影响,并对间隙存在时焊枪偏离焊缝中心的温度场进行了分析.计算了由于边缘效应和焊接热源有效作用范围带来的热传递效应不同时工件内温度场的分布.计算结果表明间隙的存在造成温度场分布不均,是熔池表面形态呈现椭圆形的一个决定性因素,这种影响随焊接时间的增加更为明显.研究结果对制定TIG焊工艺具有实际指导意义.     

对接间隙对钽薄板TIG氦弧焊熔池形态影响的数值分析

为了研究焊接过程中对接间隙对熔池形态的影响，本文基于有限元分析软件ANSYS，针对钽薄板微间隙TIG氦弧焊接方法，用数值模拟的方法计算了钽薄板TIG氦弧对接焊过程中对接间隙存在时温度场的分布以及不同对接间隙时熔池表面形态的变化。分析了对接间隙的变化对熔池表面形状的影响，并对间隙存在时焊枪偏离焊缝中心的温度场进行了分析。计算了由于边缘效应和焊接热源有效作用范围带来的热传递效应不同时工件内温度场的分布。计算结果表明间隙的存在造成温度场分布不均，是熔池表面形态呈现椭圆形的一个决定性因素，这种影响随焊接时间的增加更为明显。研究结果对制定TIG焊工艺具有实际指导意义。     

焊接初始缺陷对船体梁极限弯矩的影响

对焊接初始缺陷于船体梁极限弯矩的影响进行了研究.采用热传递分析得到焊接结构的温度场,进而采用热弹塑性分析得到结构的焊接残余应力和焊接变形.将得到的焊接变形及残余应力作为结构的初始缺陷,对船体梁的极限弯矩进行了比较计算.结果表明,焊接初始缺陷对船体梁极限弯矩的影响不宜忽略,热传递及热弹塑性分析的方法可较好地模拟船体梁极限弯矩分析中的焊接初始缺陷.     

温盘的温度分布与热变形研究

本文讨论了在军用恶劣环境条件下,计算机温盘的温度场分布以及由此引起的盘片热变形问题。利用数值传热学及数值计算方法进行了定量分析计算,为军用计算机硬盘的热设计提供了理论依据。对由温度负载引起的热变形的定量分析,可以为提高温盘的读写精度提供分析依据。深入研究此类问题,必将为我国军用温盘的研制起积极的推动作用。     

轴承润滑特性对船舶推进轴系校中的影响

径向轴承及推力轴承处边界条件的准确建立是船舶推进轴系校中计算的重点与难点。基于流体动压润滑理论,分析不同运行工况下考虑轴颈倾斜的径向轴承润滑特性,将轴承间隙、油膜厚度、支承基座及船体柔性以等效轴段挠度的形式计入轴系校中过程,并与刚性支承、弹性支承模型计算结果进行对比分析;计算因推力轴段转角、支承基座变形而引起的推力轴承附加力矩,并分析其对轴系校中的影响;建立轴承润滑与轴系校中耦合计算方法。结果表明:由径向轴承间隙、轴颈倾斜而引起的支点位置改变、润滑油膜厚度、推力轴承处附加力矩对轴系校中具有重要影响。     

间冷循环冷却叶片强度计算方法

进行了间冷循环高压涡轮叶片与轮盘耦合的强度计算。高压涡轮工作叶片属于带冠气冷空心叶片,叶根为枞树型。由于其结构的复杂性,所以三维造型和网格划分都具有很大的难度。在前期的模型处理中,优先考虑了叶根工作齿接触面的单元质量,在沿接触面法向放置了两层高质量、小尺寸的接触单元,目的是能详细地模拟叶根接触部位的应力分布。本计算的主要目的是对冷却叶片强度计算方法进行探讨研究,为了了解冷却叶片及轮盘榫槽部位应力分布情况,必须将叶片与轮盘进行耦合计算,但在计算时只讨论叶片以及轮盘榫槽处的应力,轮盘其他位置的应力不在本计算中讨论。计算模型取1/86轮盘1只叶片作为分析对象,采用的几何模型是按设计图的名义尺寸,使用Pro/E建立的三维模型,计算时使用专业网格划分软件ANSA划分网格,ABAQUS软件进行计算分析。     

叶顶间隙对船舶余热系统动力涡轮性能的影响

近些年来随着国家对节能减排的重视,越来越多的注意力集中于船舶余热利用系统。动力涡轮是余热利用系统的重要组成部分,其设计效果直接影响余热利用系统的转换效率,本文通过数值模拟的方法研究叶顶间隙对动力涡轮的性能影响。结果表明叶顶间隙的增加会导致径流式涡轮二次流动损失的增加,进而导致涡轮等熵效率下降。     

风机塔架与叶片相互作用的数值模拟(英文)

Numerical simulations of wind turbine blade-tower interaction by using the open source OpenFOAM tools coupled with arbitrary mesh interface(AMI) method were presented.The governing equations were the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) which were solved by the pimpleDyMFoam solver,and the AMI method was employed to handle mesh movements.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) phase VI wind turbine in upwind configuration was selected for numerical tests with different incoming wind speeds(5,10,15,and 25 m/s) at a fixed blade pitch and constant rotational speed.Detailed numerical results of vortex structure,time histories of thrust,and pressure distribution on the blade and tower were presented.The findings show that the wind turbine tower has little effect on the whole aerodynamic performance of an upwind wind turbine,while the rotating rotor will induce an obvious cyclic drop in the front pressure of the tower.Also,strong interaction of blade tip vortices with separation from the tower was observed.     

近海风机叶片动力特性分析

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.     

Investigation on the vortex structure of propeller wake influenced by loading on the blade

The vortex structure of the wake behind a marine propeller was investigated in terms of loading variation by using particle image velocimetry. One hundred and fifty instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to study the spatial evolution of the wake and the behavior of the tip vortices in the region ranging from the trailing edge to one propeller diameter downstream. The trailing vorticity was found to be related to the radial velocity jump, and the viscous wake was affected by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. A vortex identification method using the swirling strength was employed to extract the location of the tip vortex. The loading on the blade made a clear difference to the contraction angles. Slipstream contraction occurred in the very near wake region, and unstable oscillation occurred because of reduced interaction between the tip vortex and the wake sheet behind the maximum contraction point for each loading condition. The maximum tangential velocity around the tip vortex center revealed the average radius of its core, which was used for calculating the vortex strength. Additionally, variation of the average radius of tip vortices with the change of blade loading was related to vortex tube stretching in the wake region. The nearly constant vortex strength continued up to one diameter downstream for light loading and design loading conditions.     

Alford力作用下计及叶片振动的转子-轴承系统动力学特性分析

为了分析非线性耦合因素与叶片振动对转子-轴承系统动力学特性影响,文章将叶片模化为悬臂梁结构并利用假设模态法离散简化,建立了阿尔福德(Alford)力作用下计及叶片弯曲振动的系统动力学模型。采用Runge-Kutta法对非线性振动微分方程进行数值求解,通过系统响应的分岔图、时间历程图与频谱图、轴心轨迹图、Poincaré映射图和相图研究了叶片弯曲变形以及Alford力对系统的非线性动力学行为的影响。结果表明:叶片振动使系统的不稳定区域提前,转子发生混沌运动的转速范围增大;叶尖气隙引起的Alford力使系统的运动状态变得更为复杂,油膜非线性更加明显。     

船用三轴燃气轮机气路故障建模与聚类诊断技术

船用燃气轮机运行在高速、高湿和高盐的工作环境中时,其气路部件在运行过程中发生故障的可能性增大,开展典型气路故障诊断技术研究有助于提升船用燃气轮机运行的可靠性和安全性。通过分析船用燃气轮机积垢、压气机叶顶间隙增大、叶片磨损、机械损伤、涡轮热腐蚀和燃烧室故障等典型气路故障的机理,给出9种典型气路故障时性能参数相对变化的经验判据。采用小偏差建模方法,建立船用三轴燃气轮机气路故障仿真模型,基于经验判据对0.8工况下船用三轴燃气轮机典型气路故障进行模拟,仿真得到9种典型故障下测量参数的相对变化。提出基于聚类分析的船用燃气轮机气路故障诊断方法,并以9种典型气路故障仿真结果为例,验证了该诊断方法的可行性。     

Improving Tidal Turbine Performance Through Multi-Rotor Fence Configurations

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device- and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions, although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.

     

通过多转子防护装置提高潮汐水轮机性能的策略（英文）

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device-and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions,although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.     

两艘多用途船的螺旋桨设计研究

以2艘多用途船螺旋桨设计为例,运用螺旋桨理论设计与模型试验为手段,探索了特定条件下加大桨叶后倾角（增加桨叶梢与船底板间隙）、改变螺旋桨叶面积以及增加桨叶侧斜角对诱导脉动压力和效率的影响。结果表明：采用减小空泡裕度增加盘面比的措施,对降低脉动压力的效果最为显著;增大侧斜角措施的效果居中;通过改变后倾角增大叶梢与船底板间隙的措施,降低脉动压力效果相对要小一些。