全国联网进行时

<正>河北:灵活运用市场机制。加速扩展用户规模积极利用市场化导向降低ETC安装成本,与合作银行或公司签订用户发展协议,开办存钱赠ETC设备、积分兑换ETC设备、"办标签、赠ETC卡"等多种优惠活动。在省内各大中市设立ETC客服中心14个,在合作银行设立ETC代售(办)点356个,服务网点总数达到370个,覆盖县级行政区达88.2%。在客服中心和部分高速公路服务区设置自助服务终端46台,提供充值、路况信息查询等多种出行服务;建立了ETC网上充值平台及手机充值系统,提供多元     

电客车司机排班模式优化研究与分析

随着城市轨道交通的迅速发展,其运营管理工作也越来越重要。尤其是行车调度员、车站值班员及电客车司机等行车重要岗位,其工作效率会对轨道交通的运营产生直接影响。这些岗位均需要实施倒班制,其排班管理工作相对较为复杂。为优化电客车司机排班模式,对国内地铁公司电客车司机排班模式进行研究与分析,总结出各种模式的优缺点,并对排班模式的缺点进行优化,提出科学、合理的排班模式,以期达到降低轨道交通班组人力投入成本、提高工作效率的目的。     

城市轨道交通电客车司机的岗位能力分析

随着城市化进程的推进,城市轨道交通得到了快速的建设与发展,在城市轨道交通服务体系中,电客车司机是最主要的运营主体,其工作质量直接影响列车及乘客的安全和地铁运营公司的整体服务水平。如何选拔优秀的司机是运营公司和培训机构共同的课题。通过分析电动客车司机的典型岗位任务,总结对司机的岗位能力要求。并对现行的司机岗位管理现状提出几点思考,以期对员工选拔和员工管理有所促进。     

ETC全国联网蓄势待发

在2014年底前,北京等14省市实现高速公路电子不停车收费（ETC）联网运行;在2015年底前,将基本实现全国所有省区市的ETC联网运行。这是记者从6月9日交通运输部召开的全国高速公路电子不停车收费联网工作推进会上获悉的。     

Relaxation approaches to large scale bus driver scheduling problems

The bus driver scheduling (BDS) problem in a transit company consists of establishing, at minimum cost, a list of work-days in which a driver is assigned to each bus in the given time-table and all clauses of the union contract are respected. In this paper we present a general mathematical programming formulation for the BDS problem. Because, in general, the problem is too large to be solved directly, we introduce a relation of the problem and three different solution approaches. Computational results obtained on real life problems indicate that mathematical programming techniques can solve the BDS problem efficiently.     

A column generation algorithm for the bus driver scheduling problem

Bus driver scheduling aims to find the minimum number of bus drivers to cover a published timetable of a bus company. When scheduling bus drivers, contractual working rules must be enforced, thus complicating the problem. In this research, we develop a column generation algorithm that decomposes this complicated problem into a master problem and a series of pricing subproblems. The master problem selects optimal duties from a set of known feasible duties, and the pricing subproblem augments the feasible duty set to improve the solution obtained in the master problem. The proposed algorithm is empirically applied to the realistic problems of several bus companies. The numerical results show that the proposed column generation algorithm can solve real‐world problems and obtain bus driver schedules that are better than those developed and used by the bus companies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genetic algorithms in bus network optimization

This paper focuses on a new method to compute fitness function (ff) values in genetic algorithms for bus network optimization. In the proposed methodology, a genetic algorithm is used to generate iteratively new populations (sets of bus networks). Each member of the population is evaluated by computing a number of performance indicators obtained by the analysis of the assignment of the O/D demand associated to the considered networks. Thus, ff values are computed by means of a multicriteria analysis executed on the performance indicators so found. The goal is to design a heuristic that allows to achieve the best bus network satisfying both the demand and the offer of transport.     

A bi-level programming for bus lane network design

This paper proposes a bi-level programming model to solve the design problem for bus lane distribution in multi-modal transport networks. The upper level model aims at minimizing the average travel time of travelers, as well as minimizing the difference of passengers’ comfort among all the bus lines by optimizing bus frequencies. The lower level model is a multi-modal transport network equilibrium model for the joint modal split/traffic assignment problem. The column generation algorithm, the branch-and-bound algorithm and the method of successive averages are comprehensively applied in this paper for the solution of the bi-level model. A simple numerical test and an empirical test based on Dalian economic zone are employed to validate the proposed model. The results show that the bi-level model performs well with regard to the objective of reducing travel time costs for all travelers and balancing transit service level among all bus lines.     

北京公交一卡通背水一战

近日,北京市公交印刷厂对自己的前途陷入了迷茫.这家始建于1951年的印刷厂,目前承担着几乎所有公交车、地铁、城铁车月票的印刷.     

Designing large-scale bus network with seasonal variations of demand

Creating a bus network that covers passenger demand conveniently is an important ingredient of the transit operations planning process. Certainly determination of optimal bus network is highly sensitive to any change of demand, thus it is desirable not to consider average or estimated figures, but to take into account prudently the variations of the demand. Many cities worldwide experience seasonal demand variations which naturally have impact on the convenience and optimality of the transit service. That is, the bus network should provide convenient service across all seasons. This issue, addressed in this work, has not been thoroughly dealt with neither in practice nor in the literature. Analyzing seasonal transit demand variations increases further the computational complexity of the bus-network design problem which is known as a NP-hard problem. A solution procedure using genetic algorithm efficiently, with a defined objective-function to attain the optimization, is proposed to solve this cumbersome problem. The method developed is applied to two benchmarked networks and to a case study, to the city of Mashhad in Iran with over 3.2 million residents and 20 million visitors annually. The case study, characterized by a significant seasonal demand variation, demonstrates how to find the best single network of bus routes to suit the fluctuations of the annual passenger demand. The results of comparing the proposed algorithm to previously developed algorithms show that the new development outperforms the other methods between 1% and 9% in terms of the objective function values.     

Planning of integrated transit network for bus and LRT

An integrated approach is suggested for the planning and evaluation of mass transport systems which includes a bus network and LRT/RTS in urban areas. This approach involves a simplified procedure for determining mass transit demand, bus route network generation and evaluation, light or rapid transit corridor identification and its patronage determination in the presence of bus networks. Scheduling of a mass transportation system based on marginal ridership concept is also suggested for a given fleet size. All the three major components (demand estimation, route network generation and scheduling) iterate and interact each other with a feedback mechanism for the desired optimal solution in terms of performance indicators. Necessary interactive software packages for all the above subsystems have been developed.     

Evaluation of exclusive bus lanes in a bi-modal degradable road network

In this paper, we proposed an evaluation method of exclusive bus lanes (EBLs) in a bi-modal degradable road network with car and bus transit modes. Link travel time with and without EBLs for two modes is analyzed with link stochastic degradation. Furthermore, route general travel costs are formulated with the uncertainty of link travel time for both modes and the uncertainty of waiting time at a bus stop and in-vehicle congestion costs for the bus mode. The uncertainty of bus waiting time is considered to be relevant to the degradation of the front links of the bus line. A bi-modal user equilibrium model incorporating travelers’ risk adverse behavior is proposed for evaluating EBLs. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate how the road degradation level, travelers’ risk aversion level and the front link’s correlation level with the uncertainty of the bus waiting time affect the results of the user equilibrium model with and without EBLs and how the road degradation level affects the optimal EBLs setting scheme. A paradox of EBLs setting is also illustrated where adding one exclusive bus lane may decrease share of bus.     

An individual information system for visualizing the bus and subway network

The system described in this paper allows the user to visualize the Montreal transportation system. The user is provided with several different maps.

The complete subway network and all regular bus lines have been included. The subway network and the bus lines can be selectively displayed. The most attractive feature of this system is the possibility of obtaining all possible routes between two different places. The input is based on the menu technique.

The system can be easily adapted to other large urban transportation systems.     

A rule-based neural network approach to model driver naturalistic behavior in traffic

This paper proposes a rule-based neural network model to simulate driver behavior in terms of longitudinal and lateral actions in two driving situations, namely car-following situation and safety critical events. A fuzzy rule based neural network is constructed to obtain driver individual driving rules from their vehicle trajectory data. A machine learning method reinforcement learning is used to train the neural network such that the neural network can mimic driving behavior of individual drivers. Vehicle actions by neural network are compared to actions from naturalistic data. Furthermore, this paper applies the proposed method to analyze the heterogeneities of driving behavior from different drivers’ data.Driving data in the two driving situations are extracted from Naturalistic Truck Driving Study and Naturalistic Car Driving Study databases provided by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute according to pre-defined criteria. Driving actions were recorded in instrumented vehicles that have been equipped with specialized sensing, processing, and recording equipment.