The Lateral Dynamics of Motorcycles and Bicycles

SUMMARY

The paper is a review of the state of knowledge and understanding of the steering behaviour of single-track vehicles, with the main accent on vehicle design, and vehicle design analysis and behaviour prediction.

The body of the paper consists of a chronological account of the steps which have been taken in establishing the current position. Scientific study of the motions of two-wheelers has been in progress for more than 100 years, but progress was slow and many conflicting conclusions were drawn until increasing understanding of tyre mechanics, systematic application of the laws of motion for systems of rigid bodies, digital computation and modern numerical methods, and improved mobile measurement, recording, and data processing capabilities allowed the pace to accelerate.

The current position, which is that a good understanding of the relationship between design and performance has been achieved, but that by no means have all the problems of significance been solved, is described at the end of the paper.     

轮胎侧偏力学的新发展

随着汽车行驶速度的提高，轮胎对车辆操纵性、平顺性的安全性的影响也越来越重要。因此，掌握轮胎的力学特性，提高车辆性能，已经成为汽车行业急需解决的问题之一。近几年来，国外对轮胎力学的研究已经成为车辆力学研究的热点，我国轮胎力学的研究还刚刚起步。本文摘要介绍了国内外轮胎侧偏力学的发展概况。     

Validation of Railway Vehicle Lateral Dynamics Models

SUMMARY

The general form of the railway vehicle lateral dynamic predictions seems to have been proven. If wheels are coned, rails are of uniform cross-section, and suspensions are linear, then good predictions can be obtained. If wheels are not coned, and rail sections vary, but the suspension is relatively linear, as in modern vehicles, it is still possible to obtain good predictions of critical speed for flexible suspensions. The situation with “stiff” vehicles remains unproven. In each case dynamic response calculations will be only as good as the knowledge of the track input including the rolling line term. The validity of making calculations to predict critical speeds of very non-linear vehicles has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. Validation experiments for the more difficult case of time history representation suggest the possibility of correct prediction for easily comprehensible vehicles, but even this requires an enormous amount of supportive experimental work.     

摩托车齿轮的标准化工作

全国摩托车齿轮标准化工作组于2000年元月在郑州成立,并于2000年6月在郑州召开了第二次会议.这是在中汽协会摩托车分会与中国齿轮专业协会共同领导下的标准化工作机构,其任务是:组织制定和审定摩托车齿轮标准,组织宣传及编写相关宣贯资料,跟踪国际标准化的发展与国内产业进步、定期修订摩托车齿轮标准.     

摩托车出口包装的设计与改进

近年来,轻骑摩托车出口数量越来越多,由于路途遥远,几经搬动到达目的地后,包装箱已破损严重,致使摩托车零部件损坏较多,因此每年在这方面的赔偿费浪费了相当多的资金.     

ODS技术在摩托车振动上的应用

通过对ODS原理的探讨,并在此基础上对摩托车整车进行了ODS试验,提出了降振改进方案。试验表明,运用ODS技术对摩托车整车降振快捷,共振明显消失,振动情况更好,达到了预期目标。     

Lateral Dynamics of Commercial Vehicle Combinations A Literature Survey

This paper presents a review of theoretical and experimental works relative to the handling performance of commercial vehicle combinations. A commercial vehicle combination (road train) is defined as a tractor unit and an arbitrary number of trailers. The review contains literature corresponding the most widely used types of trains: tractor-semitrailer, truck-trailer and tractor-semitrailer-semitrailer (doubles). The vehicle dynamic performance has been investigated taking into consideration the following features: directional performance, roll dynamics, braking performance and combined braking and directional performance. With the aim of evaluating the present state of research activities in the field of lateral dynamics of articulated commercial vehicles, the author has compiled some 250 references.     

日本摩托车的排量构成及特征分析

日本摩托车之所以能称霸世界,并且多年来常盛不衰,其中一个重要的原因应归功于日本摩托车在排量上的"丰富",不论排量大小其品种发展比较均衡.本文对日本近期生产销售的共计240款摩托车进行了统计分析,揭示了日本摩托车在不同排量上的构成状况,并剖析了不同排量摩托车的基本结构特征和性能水平,另外还对典型排量的摩托车的基本结构特征进行了分析,提出了我国摩托车今后在排量方面的发展建议.     

缩短研发周期提高开发效率

随着我国摩托车市场竞争的日趋激烈,多数生产企业在经历了持续的价格战和促销战之后,开始逐渐认识到无序竞争给企业带来的巨大损失,纷纷掉转矛头,将主要精力投人到新产品开发上来,并逐步将企业工作的重点由原来的产销转向了产品开发.但是,由于企业产品开发的机制和流程还存在一定的问题,不同程度地存在着新产品开发效率较低,难于得到市场认同等问题.如何用最短的时间开发出市场认可的新产品是企业在激烈的市场竞争中能否制胜的关键.     

摩托车轴类零件材料选择

根据多年的实践,笔者总结了在加工摩托车发动机起动轴、驱动轴、中间轴、凸轮轴、摇臂轴和曲轴等轴类零件时,对材料的选择及工艺性能要求方面的一些经验,特介绍给读者。1 轴类零件材料的使用性能 系统地分析一个零件的受力状况、工作环境,深入地了解该零件的主要失效形式,是选择材料的根     

On Lateral Dynamics of Vehicles Based on Nonlinear Characteristics of Tires

The problems of vehicle lateral dynamics based on nonlinear characteristics of tires are discussed in this paper. A new nonlinear perturbation model on the cornering behavior of the tire is constructed. The nonlinear influences of tires on the steady-state steering behavior, dynamic response and handling stability of vehicle are discussed, applying the approximate analytical methods for nonlinear vibration. An analytical criterion of stability is obtained. Some numerical examples are given.     

On Lateral Dynamics of Vehicles Based on Nonlinear Characteristics of Tires

The problems of vehicle lateral dynamics based on nonlinear characteristics of tires are discussed in this paper. A new nonlinear perturbation model on the cornering behavior of the tire is constructed. The nonlinear influences of tires on the steady-state steering behavior, dynamic response and handling stability of vehicle are discussed, applying the approximate analytical methods for nonlinear vibration. An analytical criterion of stability is obtained. Some numerical examples are given.     

摩托车振动测试和分析实例

综合仪器的测试、试车员的感受和开发人员的分析,对摩托车舒适性进行评价和改进,在目前来说是一种比较实用的方法。将测试结果结合以往对其他多款车型的试验,再综合人体感受情况,得出判定摩托车相关部位振动情况的结论是：1）当振动加速度变化频繁时,摩托车相关部位振动大;2）当振动加速度远大于40m／s^2时,摩托车相关部位有振动出现;3）当振动加速度变化频繁,且远大于40m／s^2时,摩托车相关部位振动严重。     

摩托车渗碳齿轮钢的发展概况

随着引进技术的消化吸收和技术改造的顺利进行,使Mn-Cr系渗碳齿轮钢实现了国产化,并在摩托车齿轮上得以应用。显示出齿轮热处理后接触精度明显提高,约比普通20CrMnTi钢提高30％,国产摩托车齿轮具有与德国及日本相当的水平。     

摩托车市场不同排量车型价格分布概况

价格是市场竞争的有车武器,有效地把握价格发展趋势,适时调整竞争策略,对提高产品的市场竞争力十分重要。