应用于汽车减振的磁流变液阻尼器的设计原理

应用智能材料磁流变液（MR）构造出的半主动悬架减振系统，可以用于对车辆振动的控制。MR流体具有的独特性质在于：在强磁场的作用下，可由牛顿流体变为粘塑流体，而变液阻尼器则具有结构简单、体积小、工作连续可逆，能耗小等优点。本文介绍了磁流变液的材料特性，建立了磁流变液阻尼器的阻尼力数学模型，并提出设计变阻尼器时参数的选取原则。     

德尔福磁流变液减振器(Delphi MagneRide)

化磁流变液(MR)的半主动悬架系统中，磁流变液(MR流体)这种悬浮体在零磁场条件下呈现出低粘度的流体特性。而在强磁场作用下，呈现了高粘度、低流动性的特性，由于磁流变液属可控流体，磁流变是瞬间的、可逆的，而且其磁流变后的剪切强度和磁场强度具有稳定的对应关系。     

磁流变技术及其在车辆工程中的应用

阐述了磁流变效应的机理,概括了磁流变技术的应用研究进展,着重介绍了磁流变技术在车辆工程中的应用研究现状;结合磁流变技术的研究现状及汽车工业的发展,对磁流变技术在车辆工程领域的应用前景及发展方向作了展望。     

磁流变半主动悬架动力学特性的试验研究

通过台架试验为自制磁流变减振器建立可控阻尼力-励磁模型以便于计算机控制,并根据1/4车辆半主动悬架动力学模型确定天棚阻尼开关控制算法和LQR最优控制算法的相关参数;应用Labview模块化语言开发了数据采集与预处理、控制算法和计算机与PWM通信控制等模块,并在1/4车辆悬架试验台上进行半主动振动控制与无控制的对比试验.结果表明,自制的磁流变减振器结合所开发的控制算法能有效抑制车辆振动.     

摩托车磁流变阻尼器的设计研究

磁流变液是一种新型智能材料,属于可控流体,具有在外加磁场作用下快速可逆地改变流变性能的特点.选择剪切阀式作为阻尼器的工作模式,对磁流变阻尼器的磁路进行设计,优化了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数,并根据理论分析选择阻尼器的结构尺寸,设计制作了单出杆磁流变阻尼器.     

磁流变半主动悬架试验研究

针对磁流变半主动悬架存在的控制策略设计和磁流变阻尼器逆模型求解复杂繁琐的问题,采用天棚控制、SH-ADD控制和频域控制3种典型的开关控制策略,基于具有并联旁通孔的磁流变阻尼器,在1/4车辆悬架试验台上进行半主动振动控制对比试验。结果表明,具有并联旁通孔的磁流变阻尼器与开关控制策略相结合可有效地抑制悬架振动,且控制过程简单,具有较好的实际应用价值。     

磁流变油气弹簧技术研究

以单气室油气分离式油气弹簧为基础,提出了一种新型磁流变油气弹簧结构,即通过内置带有电磁线圈的阻尼阀和磁流变介质实现阻尼可调功能。通过试验验证了设计及计算方法的正确性,并从工程应用角度分析了磁流变油气弹簧的可行性和性能提高途径。     

流动模式磁流变悬置动态特性分析

针对某型号发动机,基于低频大刚度大阻尼的理想悬置特性要求,提出了一种新型流动模式磁流变悬置,采用ANSYS对磁流变悬置的核心结构进行磁场有限元分析,确保磁路设计的合理性。为研究流动模式磁流变悬置在低频大振幅激振时的动态特性,建立了磁流变悬置的集总参数模型,利用MATLAB分析许用激励电流范围内的动态特性,克服以往仅对几个离散激励电流点的动刚度及阻尼滞后角进行分析的不足,为磁流变悬置的智能隔振控制奠定了基础,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

新型斜拉索永磁式磁流变阻尼器及其参数优化研究

为改善目前永磁式磁流变阻尼器的薄弱环节(活塞杆为薄壁构件),提出一种将径向永磁铁设置在活塞内部的新型斜拉索永磁式磁流变阻尼器。分析该新型永磁式磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力调节机理,通过出力调节试验验证阻尼器的作用机理,对斜拉索永磁式磁流变阻尼器进行参数优化,并验证其减振效果。结果表明:提出的新型斜拉索永磁式磁流变阻尼器可通过改变永磁铁的磁极方向实现阻尼力的调节,具有良好的工作性能;通过合理优化阻尼器的参数,可使斜拉索的各阶对数衰减率同时达到较大值;与线性粘滞阻尼器相比,新型永磁式磁流变阻尼器对斜拉索各阶振动的控制效果均较好。     

磁流变式调谐液柱阻尼器对桥梁风致扭转振动的控制效果

采用Lagrange方程建立了磁流变式调谐液柱阻尼器(MR-TLCD)与桥梁单自由度扭转耦合结构的动力学模型,依据试验数据把磁流变液阻尼器简化成Bingham模型并采用等效线性化处理。在简谐荷载激励情况下,在时域和频域内优化了随输入电流值变化的4种截面MR-TLCD的参数;在随机风荷载激励情况下,进一步评估了优化后的MR-TLCD对桥梁风致扭转振动的控制效果。结果表明:这4种MR-TLCD都存在相应的最小平均动力放大系数比,且截面面积越大对应的最优电流值越大,平均动力放大系数比越小;扭转角位移峰值减小了43.9%,扭转加速度减小了41.1%。     

Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

SUMMARY

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

Vibration Control of a Passenger Vehicle Utilizing a Semi-Active ER Engine Mount

This paper presents vibration control of a passenger vehicle using an electronically controllable electro-rheological (ER) engine mount. A mixed-mode ER engine mount operating under the flow and shear modes is devised and manufactured. After establishing the dynamic model of the proposed ER engine mount, both field-dependent displacement transmissibility and dynamic stiffness of the ER engine mount are empirically evaluated. The ER engine mount is then incorporated with a full-vehicle model in order to investigate vibration control performance at the driver's seat position. The governing equation of motion of the full-vehicle model is formulated by considering engine excitation force, followed by designing a skyhook controller to attenuate unwanted vibration. The controller is implemented through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), and control responses such as acceleration level at idle speed are evaluated in the frequency and time domains.     

HEV发动机启停振动与噪声分析与控制

为降低混合动力汽车（HEV）发动机频繁启停引起的噪声与振动,提高乘坐舒适性,文章介绍了HEV的结构、驱动模式的特点以及发动机启停过程的噪声振动特点,分析了HEV的发动机启停过程产生的噪声与振动的根本原因,并提出了在此过程中噪声和振动源的控制措施,使HEV的发动机启停过程的噪声与振动得到降低,总结了HEV发动机启停的噪声与振动特性研究的发展趋势。     

Experimental investigations on the damping effect due to passengers on flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbody and basic studies on the mimicry of the effect with simple substitutions

The effect of passengers on a railway vehicle is usually considered as additional mass in designing a carbody. However, previous studies by means of stationary excitation tests or running tests using actual vehicles indicate that passengers behave not as mass but as damping. In this paper, the authors examined the passengers' damping effect under controlled excitation conditions on a roller rig through a series of excitation tests using a commuter-type vehicle. Large and multi-modal reductions of flexural vibrations of the carbody were observed when passengers existed. Influences of the number of passengers, distributions and postures of passengers were investigated. The authors also tried to mimic the damping effect by passengers using flexible tanks filled with fluids. Three kinds of fluids which have different viscosities have been tested. As a result of the excitation tests, good vibration reduction effects were observed by applying those tanks, and it has been found that the flexible tanks filled with fluids bring about vibration reduction effect (including multi-modal reduction) which is equal to or rather better than the case of similar mass of passengers in the carbody; the difference of viscosity gave little affect on the damping abilities. From these measurement results, a possibility of realising effective damping devices against flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbodies representing passengers damping effect, in a simple, economical and environmental friendly way, has been demonstrated.     

汽车发动机振动主动控制技术的研究

为了改善发动机的工作状况,利用微机控制技术,采用自动控制理论,建立了发动机振动主动控制模型.采用LQR控制、自调整模糊控制、神经网络自适应控制3种策略,以发动机振动加速度作为控制目标,对其振动进行有效的在线控制.验证了控制系统的控制效果和跟踪性能,分析了各种控制策略的优缺点.     

用ERA法建立计及传动系扭振的整车振动模型

运用动态子结构综合原理建立了整车振动方程，用特征系统实现（ＥＲＡ）算法辨识子结构与动力学参数，从而建立了计及车体弹性，发动机支承刚度和传动系扭振的整车振动分析模型。利用该模型可更全面，真实地分析，预测和控制整车的异常振动。分析表明，计及传动系扭振与否，对整车频率及振动特性有明显影响。     

土木工程结构振动控制技术及其应用研究

结合工程实际,介绍了结构振动控制方法,并研究液体质量双调谐阻尼器(TLMD)及杠杆质量减振器(LMD)等新型阻尼减振系统.室内及实桥试验表明:由于兼具调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)与调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的优点,TLMD便于调谐,减振效果与耐久性更好.理论及室内试验证明:与现有减振措施相比,LMD对桥梁景观的不良影响小,易于安装、养护,且减振效果更好,是一种更适于超长斜拉索振动控制的"广谱"减振器.