The impact of urban rail transit on commercial property value: New evidence from Wuhan,China

The interaction between rail transit and the urban property market is a vital foundation for planning transit-based policy such as Value Capture and Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Yet only few studies have reported the impact of transit access on commercial property value. This paper presents empirical evidence from Wuhan, China, to enrich the knowledge in the subject area. Spatial autoregressive models were employed to estimate the commercial value capture, based on 676 observations along Wuhan’s metro rail line through the main business districts. Value appreciation was discovered within the 400 m radius of road network distance from Metro stations. The transit access premiums present as two tiers: 16.7% for the 0–100 m core area and approximately 8.0% within the 100–400 m radius. The result demonstrates the potential benefit of adopting value capture and optimising TOD planning to support sustainable urban rail transit investment. Amid rapid urbanisation in China, the evidence reported here could help better inform cities, across the developing world and beyond, of the benefits of adopting rail transit-based policy.     

A marginal utility day-to-day traffic evolution model based on one-step strategic thinking

Most deterministic day-to-day traffic evolution models, either in continuous-time or discrete-time space, have been formulated based on a fundamental assumption on driver route choice rationality where a driver seeks to maximize her/his marginal benefit defined as the difference between the perceived route costs. The notion of rationality entails the exploration of the marginal decision rule from economic theory, which states that a rational individual evaluates his/her marginal utility, defined as the difference between the marginal benefit and the marginal cost, of each incremental decision. Seeking to analyze the marginal decision rule in the modeling of deterministic day-to-day traffic evolution, this paper proposes a modeling framework which introduces a term to capture the marginal cost to the driver induced by route switching. The proposed framework enables to capture both benefit and cost associated with route changes. The marginal cost is then formulated upon the assumption that drivers are able to predict other drivers’ responses to the current traffic conditions, which is adopted based on the notion of strategic thinking of rational players developed in behavior game theory. The marginal cost based on 1-step strategic thinking also describes the “shadow price” of shifting routes, which helps to explain the behavioral tendency of the driver perceiving the cost-sensitivity to link/route flows. After developing a formulation of the marginal utility day-to-day model, its theoretical properties are analyzed, including the invariance property, asymptotic stability, and relationship with the rational behavioral adjustment process.     

福州地铁施工围挡的分级分类设置研究

施工围挡是建设工程实行封闭施工的主要措施之一,施工围挡不仅体现一个城市品质,其安全和质量性能更涉及工程的顺利进行乃至人民群众的生命财产安全。本论文以福州地铁为例,根据施工所在区域的道路性质、周边环境、车站类型、施工工法、施工阶段及占道时长等因素,对施工围挡进行分级、分类设计研究,制定了不同阶段施工围挡的标准和技术参数,对今后类似工程工具有很好的借鉴意义。     

The logsum as an evaluation measure: Review of the literature and new results

The logsum is a measure of consumer surplus in the context of logit choice models. In spite of the very frequent use of logit models in transport, project assessment is only rarely done using logsums. Instead in project evaluation or appraisal, changes in transport costs and time (borrowing values of time from some source) are commonly used to get the traveller benefits. The paper contains a review of the theoretical and applied literature on the use of logsums as a measure of consumer surplus change in project appraisal and evaluation. It then goes on to describe a case study with the Dutch National Model System for transport in which the logsum method and the commonly used value of time method are compared for a specific project (high speed trains that would connect the four main cities in the Randstad: Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht).     

Mitigating environmental impacts in advance: Evidence of cost and time savings for transportation projects

The traditional model for mitigating a transportation project’s environmental impacts typically operates project-by-project and delivers the mitigation just-in-time. In contrast, the newer practice of advance mitigation comprehensively assesses and mitigates impacts from one or multiple transportation projects before or during project planning, sometimes long before project construction begins. The practice has gained adherents for its potential to improve ecological outcomes, by better aligning mitigation and conservation goals. Advance mitigation also stands to reduce mitigation costs, an important secondary benefit for transportation agencies with constrained resources. Evidence of cost savings, however, has been piecemeal and anecdotal. This paper advances knowledge of advance mitigation’s financial impacts in two ways. First, it critically assesses the evidence about cost savings realized through advance mitigation, both through avoided up-front costs and reduced project delay. Second, it directly estimates the project time savings that might accrue with advance mitigation of state highway projects in California. Overall, the balance of evidence is encouraging for transportation agencies that would introduce the practice, and general agreement exists on its financial benefits. Considering project delays related only to the environmental process, we estimate advance mitigation could reduce delivery times by 1.3–5.0 months per project. Still, we also identify factors limiting comprehensive analysis. Transportation agencies adopting advance mitigation practices into their operations could use a pilot approach that includes rigorous environmental and mitigation cost accounting; such pilots would build needed empirical evidence of advance mitigation’s financial and ecological outcomes.     

Consistency and fungibility of monetary valuations in transport: An empirical analysis of framing and mental accounting effects

Governments around the world use monetised values of transport externalities to undertake project appraisal and cost–benefit analysis. However, because different types of benefits are monetised (e.g., travel time savings, preventing statistical fatalities, reliability, etc.) the question naturally arises as to whether they are consistent. That is, whether a “dollar is a dollar” as welfare economics requires, or whether spending money in one area carries a different disutility from spending money in another area. This would equate to a violation of fungibility, which is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are capable of mutual substitution. The view that money is not fungible is explained in behavioural economics through theories of framing and mental accounting. This paper describes the results of a stated choice experiment designed to test the fungibility and consistency of monetary valuations in transport. From a nationally representative sample, we elicit direct values for the three pairwise trade-offs between travel time, travel cost, and safety. We then show that in the context of our analysis, any trade-offs inferred on the basis of other trade-offs, as is common practice (e.g. inferring a safety vs time trade-off on the basis of monetary valuations for time and safety), produces biased results, suggesting that the assumption of fungibility does not hold. Specifically, we find that time is valued more highly when valued directly by cost than when traded with safety, and the reverse is true for safety.     

两种高架桥T梁现浇施工方法对下穿既有明洞影响研究

高架桥跨越既有铁路隧道明洞施工具有典型的近接工程特征,高架桥施工过程对围岩产生应力重分布,尤其是T梁现浇施工时会对明洞产生附加荷载,对既有隧道衬砌结构轴力、弯矩等内力分布状况产生影响,进而影响结构的安全性。文章依托贵阳至都匀高速公路心焦坡桥跨越黔桂铁路摆梭隧道明洞工程项目,结合ANSYS有限元数值模拟和工法分析,对满堂支架、下设条形基础和梁柱支架跨越隧道两种施工方法进行了分析比较,评估近接施工对下穿明洞安全性的影响,并得出结论:两种方案的明洞素混凝土结构的最小安全系数分别为3.1和3.7,从经济因素考虑满堂支架、下设条形基础方案更有优势。     

坪石板隧道大跨断面施工技术

坪石板隧道全长154m,为双线变四线大跨单洞隧道,有三种不同断面形式。其中,大跨段具有环境复杂、浅埋偏压、围岩破碎等特点,施工难度较大。文章主要介绍了大跨段的工程特点、施工方法,以及自进式中空锚杆超前大管棚支护、双侧壁导洞法开挖等施工技术。     

A technique for the investigation of scheme benefits in large-scale transport networks

Existing methods of evaluating large-scale transport networks involve the use of mathematical models of traffic flow which are generally both large and complex. However, the time and cost involved in the use of these models normally restricts their use for the detailed forecasting of traffic flows and costs to the assessment of a relatively small number of alternative patterns of overall investment. In order to evaluate the individual projects and groups of projects which go to make up an overall investment plan, it is, therefore, usually necessary to make simplifying assumptions about the influence of any one project on the overall traffic pattern, so as to isolate it from the influence of neighbouring projects. These assumptions generally result in the loss of a certain amount of the detail normally available from a standard model, and the task of assessing the relative value of different projects and the amount of interaction between them is made more difficult.This paper describes a new technique, designed to permit the evaluation of individual projects whilst still retaining the level of detail available from a full-scale mathematical model. The aim has been to produce a cheap and easy-to-use technique, capable of producing substantially the same results as a standard model. The technique uses newly developed computer algorithms which short-cut the full-scale model by forecasting the changes in an existing travel pattern resulting from the influence of a particular project. Initial tests suggest that approaching the problem in this way can save up to 70% of the computing time and costs involved in the use of a standard model for the evaluation of individual projects.The technique as described here is envisaged as a tool for aiding strategic investment decisions. It can, however, provide data for more detailed investigations, and could, with modifications, carry out these investigations on smaller problems than those for which it was originally designed.Crown copyright reserved, 1973     

高速公路服务区建设造价控制研究

影响高速公路服务区建设项目造价的因素很多,如何从决策阶段、设计阶段、招投标阶段、施工阶段等环节对工程总造价进行有效控制,从而提高服务区的社会效益和经济效益,值得工程建设者思考.     

水下联络管施工技术

介绍了浮运、注水下沉联络管技术,实践表明该技术有效的解决了水下施工难题,降低了工程成本,取得了良好经济效益。     

基于丽攀模式的高速公路建设效益评价分析

文章结合丽攀高速公路攀枝花段工程项目建设实践,采用层次分析法,建立高速公路路地共建三层次效益评价指标体系,对高速公路建设效益进行多层次评价分析,指出了丽攀高速公路综合效益高的关键点,为今后的高速公路建设管理提供借鉴。     

FMECA风险分析法在穿越管道施工过程的应用

外钓岛-册子岛水平定向钻穿越工程施工难度大,施工存在着很多风险。应用国际上先进的风险管理方法—FMECA定性风险评价法,对外钓岛-册子岛海底管道施工过程中的各类潜在事故进行了概率及后果影响评价,并据此采取了风险削减措施,为工程的顺利施工起到了很好的保障作用,同时也为国内外穿越工程施工安全及可靠性评价提出了一种新的方法。     

Can high speed rail offset its embedded emissions?

This paper analyzes the climate implications of investments in high speed railway lines given uncertainty in future transport demand, technology and power production. To capture the uncertainty of estimated parameters, distributions for the annual traffic emissions reduction required to compensate for the embedded emissions from the construction of infrastructure are calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. In order to balance the annualized emissions from the railway construction, traffic volumes of more than 10 million annual one-way trips are usually required. Most of the traffic diverted from other modes must come from aviation and the project cannot involve the extensive use of tunnels.     

位移反分析法在新加坡某综合娱乐城地铁深基坑工程中的应用

本文以新加坡滨海湾金沙综合娱乐城P8402标项目的深基坑开挖支护为例,通过ValetParking（北基坑）信息化施工监测数据的反馈,运用位移反分析法,实现北基坑减少一道钢支撑的施工设计优化。详细阐述了位移反分析法成功运用的过程,通过有限元数值分析法,分析了P8402工程中的设计优化过程,为位移反分析法的研究和应用提供...     

Effects of task complexity and time pressure on activity-travel choices: heteroscedastic logit model and activity-travel simulator experiment

This paper derives, estimates and applies a discrete choice model of activity-travel behaviour that accommodates potential effects of task complexity and time pressure on decision-making. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that both factors (task complexity and time pressure) are jointly captured in a discrete choice model. More specifically, our heteroscedastic logit model captures potential impacts of task complexity and time pressure through the scale of the utility of activity-travel options. We collect data using a novel activity-travel simulator experiment that has been specifically designed with the aim of testing our model. Results are in line with expectations, in that higher levels of task complexity and time pressure are found to result in a smaller scale of utility. In other words, higher levels of task complexity and time pressure lead to more random choice behaviour and as a consequence to less pronounced differences in choice probabilities between alternatives. An empirical illustration suggests that choice probability-differences between models that do and those that do not capture these effects, can be very substantial; this in turn suggests that failing to capture the effects of task complexity and time pressure in discrete choice models of activity travel decision-making might lead to serious bias in forecasts of the effects of transport policies.     

既有隧道间新建小净距大断面四车道隧道动态施工监测技术

目前小净距四车道公路隧道的设计和施工经验相对不足,因而监控量测工作显得尤为重要.文章依托工程的监控量测成果,阐述了动态监测在工程实践中的重要应用价值;针对隧道施工特点进行了方案设计及优化;对边坡沉降、拱顶下沉等典型数据进行了分析,很好地反馈施工;通过对监测数据的统计分析,提出了小净距、大跨径四车道隧道围岩变形的建议预警值:监测工作为项目顺利、安全地进行提供了保证.项目实施经验及研究成果可为类似条件下工程的设计、施工和监测提供借鉴.     

重庆朝天门两江隧道工程可行性探讨

文章探讨了目前国内过江隧道的建设情况及修建过江隧道的优越性,针对重庆市都市发达经济圈交通联系不便的现状,提出在朝天门修建两江隧道的方案。通过对隧址区的地质条件、隧道的经济效益,以及隧道修建和运营的技术的可行性分析,证明在两江修建隧道是适宜的。它既符合可持续发展的需要,又符合国防建设的需要,并且对都市的经济快速发展和环境保护都起着重要作用。     

瀑布沟水电站地下厂房顶拱层开挖与爆破震动控制

特大型地下厂房顶拱层开挖和爆破震动控制,涉及整个工程项目的工期、成本及施工安全,所以一直是施工中的最关键工序。文章介绍了瀑布沟水电站在高地应力复杂地质条件下,特大型地下厂房顶拱层开挖与爆破震动控制的施工经验,可供同类工程借鉴。     

Planning transport for social inclusion: An accessibility-activity participation approach

Social equity is increasingly becoming an important objective in transport planning and project evaluation. This paper provides a framework and an empirical investigation in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) examining the links between public transit accessibility and the risks of social exclusion, simply understood as the suppressed ability to conduct daily activities at normal levels. Specifically, we use a large-sample travel survey to present a new transport-geography concept termed participation deserts, neighbourhood-level clusters of lower than expected activity participation. We then use multivariate models to estimate where, and for whom, improvements in transit accessibility will effectively increase activity participation and reduce risks of transport-related social exclusion. Our results show that neighbourhoods with high concentrations of low-income and zero-car households located outside of major transit corridors are the most sensitive to having improvements in accessibility increase daily activity participation rates. We contend that transit investments providing better connections to these neighbourhoods would have the greatest benefit in terms of alleviating existing inequalities and reducing the risks of social exclusion. The ability for transport investments to liberate suppressed activity participation is not currently being predicted or valued in existing transport evaluation methodologies, but there is great potential in doing so in order to capture the social equity benefits associated with increasing transit accessibility.