西部高原地区沥青混凝土路面施工机群选型研究(3)

结合西部高原环境特点,分析了沥青混凝土路面机械化施工中,压实机械在高原环境下工作能力的折减规律,提出了不同海拔高度下,非增压压实机械及增压压实机械的工作能力折减系数.     

西部高原地区沥青混凝土路面施工机群选型研究(1)

结合西部高原环境特点,分析了高原环境对工程机械使用性能的影响,给出了增压式、非增压式机械设备在不同海拔高度中的功率折减系数和油耗率增加系数.     

高原荒漠区路面施工机械选用及其配套设备技术改造

在高原荒漠环境下,沥青混合料搅拌设备生产率降低,燃油消耗加大,摊铺及刮板输送器的输送能力、螺旋分料器的生产率和摊铺机生产率基本以同一比例下降.装载机、摊铺机通过合理选型,或者对局部进行技术改造,可以适应高原施工.通过原材料防雨防潮、主动控制骨料粒径、利用"罐中罐"结构改进加热方式等技术手段,达到减少沥青拌和站热能损耗的目的.     

西部高原地区沥青混凝土路面施工机群选型研究(5)

结合西部高原环境特点,分析了沥青混凝土路面机械化施工中,沥青混合料摊铺机在高原环境下工作能力的折减规律,提出了不同海拔高度下,沥青混合料摊铺机的工作能力折减系数.     

西部高原地区沥青混凝土路面施工机群选型研究(4)

结合西部高原环境特点,分析了沥青混凝土路面机械化施工中沥青混合料搅拌设备在高原环境下工作能力的折减规律,提出了不同海拔高度下,沥青混合料搅拌设备的工作能力折减系数.     

高原用增压柴油机性能开发探究

正针对高原地区特殊环境,对增压型柴油机在高原工作存在的问题进行了阐述,并对在此环境中增压型柴油机的性能变化进行相关论述,指明了高原增压柴油机性能开发的相关机理,开发匹配的增压器是确保高原用柴油机能够正常使用的行之有效的方法。近年来,随着我国西部大开发以及"一带一路"国家级战略的实施,西部地区经济发展迅猛,给汽车交通运输、工程机械基建设备以及配套动力设施带来了巨大的发展机遇,高原用增压柴油机越来     

涡轮增压汽油机匹配计算及性能预测

应用GT-power软件建立了某1.5 VCT发动机一维仿真模型,并通过试验数据对模型进行了标定.根据涡轮增压发动机的设计要求估算了涡轮增压器的性能参数值,从而选择了一款涡轮增压器.建立了加装涡轮增压器之后的发动机模型,增加了放气阀装置,并分别进行了平原、高原环境下的发动机的匹配计算和性能预测.结果表明,在平原、高原环境下发动机匹配情况均良好.     

匹配某装载机用柴油机性能开发研究

本文以轮胎式装载机为研究对象,根据装载机的常用工作循环和特点,比如:最大掘起力、最大牵引力、最大行驶速度、三项和时间、失速转速等技术要求,确定对发动机性能曲线的要求,开发装载机专用机型,形成柴油机匹配轮式装载机的性能开发指导。     

柴油机高原燃烧特性研究进展

柴油机高原燃烧特性研究有助于揭示柴油机高原环境对柴油机工作过程的影响机理,提升柴油机高原性能。综述了柴油机高原燃烧特性研究总体情况,总结了高原环境条件对柴油机燃烧过程影响的规律和柴油机高原燃烧优化的基本规律。提出了柴油机高原燃烧特性研究的发展趋势,即研究目标从单工况功率恢复向变海拔全工况综合性能提升发展,研究内容从宏观规律到微观过程发展,研究方向向变海拔增压技术应用侧重。     

涡轮增压柴油机高原性能试验研究

在发动机高原环境模拟试验台上,对0～4500 m不同海拔高度下某涡轮增压柴油机的性能进行了试验。对比分析了海拔高度对涡轮增压柴油机动力性、经济性和增压器性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着海拔高度的升高,发动机进气量减小、功率下降、燃油消耗率升高,增压器转速、压比升高,易出现高速超速、超温和低速喘振的问题。在海拔4500 m高原环境下,发动机标定功率为254．1 kW （2100 r／min）,比平原状态下降了23．1％,此时增压器转速已经达到上限（106000 r／min）,涡轮入口温度为746℃,接近温度上限。     

An investigation on wheel/rail impact dynamics with a three-dimensional flat model

Wheel flat is one kind of railway train wheelset defects. It has great influence on wheel/rail dynamics and damages. In most of the presented studies, wheel/rail impact velocity or rolling radius variation of the wheel because of flat spot was taken into account to study the wheel/rail impact dynamics. In this paper, a three-dimensional wheel flat model considering the length, width and depth of the flat spot is established. Including the wheel rotation and wheel/rail contact geometry, a high-speed vehicle–rail coupling system dynamics model is developed to investigate the effect of the wheel flat on the wheel/rail dynamics. With time integration method of the models, the impact dynamics of the wheel/rail system with three types of flat width and five kinds of flat length are obtained. The results show that the width, the length of the wheel flat and the width/length ratio have a great influence on the wheel/rail impact dynamics. The wheel/rail impact dynamics of the flat with large width is more severe than with small width as the flat length is fixed. When a flat spot occurs, the permissible length of the wheel defect, needless to action, is 25?mm in maximum. The speed safety domain with three kinds of flat width/length ratio of a vehicle is obtained according to the wheel/rail vertical force limitation.     

摩托车轻合金车轮径向冲击试验数据分析

摩托车轻合金车轮质量的好坏直接关系到摩托车骑乘者的人身安全,而摩托车轻合金车轮的径向冲击试验结果直接反映了车轮质量的优劣。通过对车轮径向冲击试验数据进行分析,以对车轮额定载荷的设定提出建议,希望摩托车整车企业及车轮生产企业合理设计轻合金车轮的额定载荷。     

常见盾构刀盘型式及选用

目前常见的刀盘结构有面板式和辐条式2种基本型式,以及介于2者之间的幅板式刀盘。通过文献分析和工程经验总结,首先阐述了几种型式刀盘的结构、基本配置及工程应用。随后从刀盘土舱构造、开挖面稳定、土压平衡控制、砂土的流动性、刀盘负荷、障碍物的处置、地层适应性等方面,对2种基本刀盘型式的特性进行了比较和分析。     

Research into the problem of wheel tread spalling caused by wheelset longitudinal vibration

This study mainly focuses on the mechanism of wheel tread spalling through wheelset longitudinal vibration that has been often neglected. Analysis of two actual cases of the wheel tread spalling problem leads to the conclusion that the wheel tread spalling is closely related to the wheelset longitudinal vibration in some locomotives, and many of these problems can be reasonably explained if the wheelset longitudinal vibration is considered. For better understanding of some abnormal wheel spalling problems, the formations of the wheelset longitudinal vibration and the wheel/rail contact parameters were analysed in the initial wheel tread spalling. With the preliminary analytical results, the wheelset longitudinal dynamic behaviour, the characteristics of wheel/rail contact and the mechanics in the condition of the wheelset longitudinal vibration were further studied quantitatively. The results showed that the wheelset longitudinal vibration changed not only the limit of these parameters and the position of principal stress, but also the direction of the principal stress on the surface of wheel/rail contact patch. It is likely that the significant stress changes provoke too much stress on the surface of wheel/rail contact patch, cause fatigue in wheel/rail contact patch and eventually lead to wheel tread spalling. The results of these studies suggest that the suppression of the wheelset longitudinal vibration extends wheel/rail life and the addition of a vertical damper with an ahead angle provides a possible solution to the wheel spalling problem.     

车轮定位参数快速检测新方法研究

对车轮侧滑量与定位参数的相互影响关系进行了理论分析，在采集的东北三省汽车综合性能检测线的检测数据基础上，建立了基于神经网络理论的车轮侧滑量信息与主要定位参数的数学模型，提出了一种汽车检测线中车轮定位参数快速检测的新方法。     

A New Wheel/Rail Spatially Dynamic Coupling Model and its Verification

Based on the theory of vehicle-track coupling dynamics, a new wheel/rail spatially dynamic coupling model is established in this paper. In consideration of rail lateral, vertical and torsion vibrations and track irregularities, the wheel/rail contact geometry, the wheel/rail normal contact force and the wheel/rail tangential creep force are solved in detail. In the new wheel/rail model, the assumption that wheel contacts rail rigidly and wheel always contacts rail is eliminated. Finally, by numeric simulation comparison with international well-known software NUCARS, comparison with vehicle-track vertical coupling model, and comparison with running test results by China Academy of Railway Sciences, the new wheel/rail spatially dynamic coupling model is shown to be correct and effective.     

A New Wheel/Rail Spatially Dynamic Coupling Model and its Verification

Based on the theory of vehicle-track coupling dynamics, a new wheel/rail spatially dynamic coupling model is established in this paper. In consideration of rail lateral, vertical and torsion vibrations and track irregularities, the wheel/rail contact geometry, the wheel/rail normal contact force and the wheel/rail tangential creep force are solved in detail. In the new wheel/rail model, the assumption that wheel contacts rail rigidly and wheel always contacts rail is eliminated. Finally, by numeric simulation comparison with international well-known software NUCARS, comparison with vehicle-track vertical coupling model, and comparison with running test results by China Academy of Railway Sciences, the new wheel/rail spatially dynamic coupling model is shown to be correct and effective.     

Long-term wear and rolling contact fatigue behaviour of a conformal wheel profile designed for large radius curves

There are many reasons to optimise the wheel–rail interface through redesign or maintenance. Minimising wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) initiation on wheels and/or rails is often at the forefront of such considerations. This paper covers the design of a conformal wheel profile and its long-term wear and RCF performance to optimise the wheel–rail interface and subsequently reduce the occurrence of surface-initiated RCF on South Africa’s iron ore export line. A comparative study is performed using multibody dynamics simulation together with numerical wheel wear and RCF predictions. The advantages of a conformal wheel profile design are illustrated by evaluating the worn shape and resulting contact conditions of the conformal design. The conformal design has a steadier equivalent conicity progression and a smaller conicity range compared with the current wheel profile design over the wheel’s wear life. The combination of a conformal wheel profile design with 2?mm hollow wear and inadequate adherence to grinding tolerances often result in two-point contact, thereby increasing the probability of RCF initiation. The conformal wheel profile design proved to have wear and potential RCF benefits compared with the current wheel profile design. However, implementation of such a conformal wheel profile must be accompanied by improved rail grinding practices to ensure rail profile compliance.     

转向加速工况下汽车驱动防滑控制系统滑转率算法研究

汽车低速转弯加速时,用后轮轮速作为参考车速计算驱动轮滑转率会造成计算偏差,引起驱动防滑控制系统误干预,为此提出了驱动轮滑转率计算的修正算法.该修正算法不需要增加前轮转角传感器,而是采用两非驱动轮轮速估计车身横摆角速度和汽车前轮转角,进而计算出前轮参考轮速,并将前轮参考轮速代替车速对转弯工况的驱动轮滑转率计算进行修正.试验结果表明,该修正算法消除了滑转率计算误差,可防止汽车在高附着路面上转弯加速时驱动防滑控制系统的误干预.