Theoretical analysis of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for 2.700 μm laser amplification

The rate equations and power evolution equations of erbium-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for both 1.530 and 2.700 μm lasers are solved numerically, the dependences of gain spectra on fiber length, dopant concentration and pump power are analyzed, and the gain of 2.700 μm laser is calculated and compared with the experimental result from reference. The numerical analysis shows that with 8 × 10²⁴ ion/m³ erbium ion concentration, 5m fiber length and 600mW pump power, the gains at 1.530 and 2.700 μm may achieve 23dB or so. With larger power pump and higher dopant concentration, a net gain of 17 dB is obtained from the Er³⁺-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for 110mW input signal. This fiber amplifier is promising for both 1.530 μm signal amplification and 2.700 μm laser amplification.     

Modeling Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Codoped Telluride Glass Fiber for 0.4 to 2.0 μm Emission Spectra

The modeling of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier is accomplished by utilizing the rate and propagation equations of distinct levels for a laser medium. A complex theoretical model for neodymium (Nd³⁺), erbium (Er³⁺), thulium (Tm³⁺) and ytterbium (Yb³⁺) codoped telluride glass fiber covering 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra is presented. The emission spectra of Nd³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped telluride fiber are realized with the excitation of both 808 and 980 nm lasers pumped at 500mW. Numerical methods are used to calculate the emission spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm. With the Nd³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ion concentrations fixed at 2 × 10²⁰ ion/m³, the Er³⁺ ion concentration optimized to 8 × 1020 ion/m3 and the fiber length spanning from 0.5 to 2 m, a peak amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power of 19.8mW is attainable, and a minimum ASE power of 7.96mW can also be achieved. The analytical techniques and results indicate that when a telluride codoped fiber with suitable ion concentrations of Nd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ is excited by both 980 and 808 nm pump lasers, 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra are attainable for vast optical applications.     

Gain and noise figure analysis of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped YAG transparent ceramic microchip amplifier

The rate equations and the power evolution equations based on excited state absorption (ESA) and cooperative upconversion (CUC) of high concentration erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) transparent ceramic waveguide amplifier are set up to analyze the effects of the pump power, active ion concentration and waveguide length on the amplifier gain and noise figure (NF). The numerical analysis predicts that with a pump power of 100mW, an active ion concentration of 1.0×10²⁶ ion/m³ and a waveguide length of 3 cm, a small-signal gain of 30 dB and an NF of 5 dB can be achieved in the micro-chip amplifier.     

Gain Characteristics of Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier

The theory model of fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) was introduced, which is based on optical nonlinear effect. And then numerical simulation was done to analyze and discuss the gain spectral characteristics of one-pump and two-pump FOPA. The results show that for one-pump FOPA, when pump wavelength is near to fiber zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), the gain flatness is better, and with the increase of the pump power,fiber length and its nonlinear coefficient, the gain value will increase while the gain bandwidth will become narrow.For two pump FOPA, when the pump central wavelength is near to fiber ZDW, the gain flatness is better. Moreover, by decreasing the space of two pumps wavelength, the gain flatness can be improved. Finally, some problems existing in FOPA were addressed.     

光脉冲在LOA-XGM中传输的特性

为了验证线性光放大器的性能，建立了光脉冲在LOA中传输的理论模型，分析了放大器处于增益饱和状态下交叉增益调制效应对传输脉冲的影响、脉冲在LOA中传输的特性，以及不同脉宽对于增益、载流子密度和寿命的影响．结果表明：在相同的信号脉冲峰值增益下，增大抽运光功率或减小探测光功率均使输出脉冲峰值减小；当抽运光功率小于（大于）0．5mW时，输出脉冲上升时间随探测光功率的增加而增加（减小）；随着输入脉冲波长增加，输出脉冲上升时间变长，峰值功率变小；输入脉冲越宽，对载流子密度及其寿命和增益的影响越小．     

Lasing Frequency Up-Conversion by Using Thermal Population

We theoretically demonstrate a model which can be used to analyze frequency up-conversion of a laser wavelength by using thermal population. The proposed model uses a rate equation model of ytterbium-doped fiber with thermal population effect. The rate and power propagation equations are set up and numerically analyzed to elucidate the dependence of frequency up-conversion efficiency and thermal-optical conversion efficiency on ambient thermal power. The analytical techniques and numerical results show that using pump laser at 1 000 nm,the wavelength can be converted into 900 nm with an up-conversion quantum efficiency of about 99.97% and a cooling efficiency of about 11.1%. This theoretical model is a promising candidate for vast applications in energyefficient laser and energy-utilizing field.     

纤维丝和网加筋泡沫轻质土力学特性和抗冻性

为分析短纤维丝和纤维网加筋对泡沫轻质土力学性能和抗冻性的影响，开展了一系列的无侧限抗压强度试验、抗折强度试验、动三轴试验和冻融循环试验.试验结果表明：对提高抗压强度而言，设计湿密度为700 kg/m³的泡沫轻质土掺入短纤维丝的最优长度和掺量分别为6 mm和0.4%；采用长度6 mm和掺量0.4%的短纤维丝对设计湿密度在400～1 000 kg/m³的泡沫轻质土进行加筋后，泡沫轻质土抗压强度、抗折强度和动应力阈值得到了显著地提高，最小提高量分别为35.3%、31.4%和53.4%；采用长度6 mm和掺量0.6%的短纤维丝对泡沫轻质土进行加筋后，设计湿密度分别为400、700、1 000 kg/m³的泡沫轻质土抗冻融循环次数分别由5、25、125次提高至10、50次和超过150次，泡沫轻质土抗冻性得到了显著地提高；相对于提高泡沫轻质土抗折强度而言，纤维网0.4%短纤维丝复合加筋的效果最好，单一纤维网加筋方式次之，单一短纤维丝加筋方式最差；短纤维丝、纤维网或两者复合加筋均显著地增加泡沫轻质土的韧性.     

不同种类纤维对海工混凝土性能影响对比研究

为解决海工混凝土因抗裂性能差引起的耐久性问题,研究了3种纤维在不同掺量下对海工混凝土抗压性能和抗裂性能的影响,并采用RCM法对不同纤维掺量下海工耐久混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能进行评定.试验结果表明：掺入不同纤维均能增加海工混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂强度;不同纤维掺量下海工混凝土电通量和氯离子扩散系数均有所降低,且随着纤维掺量的增加,降低幅度逐渐增大;对比3种不同纤维掺量下的海工混凝土的性能可以看出,掺入1.5 kg/m3高强高模量聚乙烯纤维效果最佳,性能最为优异.     

Combustion optimization model for NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> reduction with an improved particle swarm optimization

Abstract: This paper focuses on the combustion optimization to cut down NO _x emission with a new strategy. Firstly, orthogonal experimental design (OED) and chaotic sequences are introduced to improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then, a predicting model for NO _x emission is established on support vector machine (SVM) whose parameters are optimized by the improved PSO. Afterwards, a new optimization model considering coal quantity and air quantity along with the traditional optimization variables is established. At last, the operating parameters are optimized by the improved PSO to cut down the NO _x emission. An application on 600MW unit shows that the new optimization model can cut down NO _x emission effectively and maintain the load balance well. The NO _x emission optimized by the improved PSO is lowest among some state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms. This study can provide important guides for the low NO _x combustion in the power plant.     

用于无线通信系统的信号强度检测电路设计

为了解决传统的信号检测电路准确度不高,对温度和工艺变化抵抗能力不够的问题,建立了信号强度检测电路的系统模型.推导得到限幅放大器增益与信号强度检测单元误差的关系以及降低信号强度检测单元误差的方法.通过分析,得到在提高准确度的前提下减小限幅放大器增益随温度和工艺变化的方法.基于以上分析,引入增益加强结构,以提高限幅放大器增益的准确性和抵抗温度及工艺变化的能力.采用0.18 μm体硅(CMOS)工艺,1.8 V供电电源,面积为500 μm×200 μm的电路进行测试,结果表明:测试温度从-40 ℃变化到85 ℃时,该信号强度检测电路都可以提供55 dB的动态范围和大于55 MHz的带宽,其检测误差小于1.5 dB,电路功耗为1.89 mW,检测精度高达1.5 dB.      

城市污水处理厂运行能耗影响因素分析

采用描述统计、聚类分析、非参数检验等方法,对我国1 441座城市污水处理厂2011年的能耗状况及影响因素进行了统计分析和定量规律识别.目前我国城市污水处理厂平均电耗为0.292 kW· h/m3,有87％以上的污水处理厂电耗不超过0.480 kW· h/m3.对污水厂处理工艺、设计规模、实际排放标准等对能耗影响规律的分析结果表明：相同工艺、相同出水标准、不同规模的污水处理厂,其规模越大,能耗越小;相同工艺和规模的污水处理厂,单位水量电耗和单位耗氧污染物削减电耗都随排放级别的提高而增加.     

Y2O3：Eu／PVP复合纳米纤维的制备和发光性质

采用静电纺丝技术与燃烧法相结合成功的制备了Y2O3：Eu／PVP复合纳米纤维．采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）和荧光光谱等研究手段,对纤维的形貌、结构和发光性质进行了表征．结果表明：随着纤维中Y2O3：Eu纳米粒子含量的增加,纤维的直径分布变得不均匀;未嵌入PVP母体纤维内部、分散在纤维表面的Y2O3：Eu的纳米粒子逐渐增多．值得注意的是,在Y2O3：Eu含量较低（例如,Y2O3：Eu／PVP=0．05％）的Y2O3：Eu／PVP复合纤维样品中,纤维表面没有独立的Y2O3：Eu纳米粒子存在．将Y2O3：Eu含量为0．05％的Y2O3：Eu／PVP纤维进行煅烧处理后,得到Y2O3：Eu纳米粒子的一维排列图案,证实此纤维样品中的Y2O3：Eu纳米粒子完全嵌入PVP纤维母体内部．另外,Y2O3：Eu／PVP复合纳米纤维与Y2O3：Eu纳米粒子的发光性质对比研究结果表明,复合纤维中的Y2O3：Eu纳米颗粒的发光性质与PVP母体密切相关．     

钢/聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土性能研究

采用钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维制备了混杂纤维混凝土,并对混杂纤维混凝土的工作性能和力学性能进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:随着纤维的加入,新拌混凝土的流动性迅速降低;当水灰比较大时,普通混凝土与纤维混凝土的抗压强度和抗弯拉强度都较低;单纯加入钢纤维对混凝土的力学性能提高幅度有限,采用SF/PF混杂纤维不仅可以减少钢纤维的用量,还能明显提高抗压和抗弯拉强度。     

低温下沥青中柔性短纤维桥联应力计算模型

分析了柔性纤维增强脆性材料特点,建立了单根纤维从沥青中拔出时的受力模型。采用球面坐标系建立空间均匀分布短纤维桥联应力的计算模型,计算了沥青断裂时短纤维产生的桥联应力。采用大尺寸的纤维沥青试件进行低温拉伸断裂试验,实测短纤维的桥联应力。通过对桥联应力的计算值和实测值进行试算拟合,修正了计算模型中的参数。分析结果表明：桥联...     

基于BBR试验的纤维沥青低温性能研究

通过SHRP计划中的弯曲蠕变试验(BBR)研究纤维沥青的低温性能,选择纤维掺量为0%、1%、4%、8%,在-18℃和-12℃两种温度下进行BBR试验,分析了纤维掺量对于试验参数(劲度模量和m值)的影响。另外,在4%纤维掺量下选择3 mm、6 mm、10 mm三种不同长度的纤维进行试验,分析了纤维长度对于沥青低温性能的影响。     

Radio Fiber Fine Structure During the Solar Flare on July 14，2000

Introduction　　AmongthefinestructuressuperposedonthecontinuumemissionofsolartypeIVradiobursts,oneofthemostfrequentlyobservedisfiber .Fibers,orintermediatedriftbursts ,werefirstobservedinsolartypeIVcontinuabyYoungetalin 196 1[1] .Thefiberstructuresinmetri…     

不同类型钢纤维增强混凝土力学性能研究

通过对普通钢纤维和超短超细钢纤维以及这两种钢纤维按一定比例混杂的钢纤维进行一系列试验,讨论了三种类型钢纤维对水泥混凝土的增强和增韧效果,分析了它们在混凝土中的增韧及混杂效应机理。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土试件在开裂后仍有一定的残余强度,超短超细钢纤维能更为有效地提高混凝土的抗压性能,混杂钢纤维能在较大程度上提高混凝土的韧性。     

Effect of Cu Co-doping on the magnetism of Zn0.95Co0.05O films

Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O (atomic ratio, x = 0?C8%) thin films are fabricated on Si(111) substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method. Detailed characterizations indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn²⁺ ions in ZnO lattice. The doped Cu ions are in +1 and +2 mixture valent state. The ferromagnetism of the Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O film increases gradually with the increase of the Cu⁺ ion concentration till x = 6%, but decreases for higher Cu concentration. Experimental results indicate that the increase of ferromagnetism is not owing to the magnetic contribution of Cu⁺ ions themselves, but owing to the enhancement of magnetic interaction between Co²⁺ ions, which suggests that p-type doping of Cu⁺ ions plays an important role in mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between Co ions.     

Fabrication of a Novel Porous Poly（Vinylidene Fluoride） Blend Five-Bore Membrane for Wastewater Treatment

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend five-bore hollow fiber membranes are prepared by wet phase inversion methods. In spinning these PVDF hollow fibers, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are used as the solvent and the non-solvent additive, respectively. The external coagulant uses water. The internal coagulants use water and DMAc-water solutions. The membranes are characterized in terms of water flux and molecular weight cut-off for the wet membranes. The cross-sectional structures are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of polymer concentration and the internal coagulant on the permeation properties and membrane structures are examined keeping the bore liquid flow and air-gap constants. Relative high flux, rejection and strengh PVDF five-bore hollow fiber membranes could be prepared from the polymer concentration in dope solution at 17% of mass fraction, the air gap distance of 14 cm, and using 10% of mass fraction of DMAc solution as the internal coagulant at 13mL/min of flow.     

高架桥梯形轨枕轨道不平顺测量

北京地铁5号线天通苑站至天通苑北站之间铺设了一段长为171 m的梯形轨枕轨道试验段.为了得出符合城市轨道交通实际情况的轨道不平顺谱,对梯形轨枕轨道试验段进行了轨道不平顺测量,并对轨道不平顺功率谱进行了拟合,得出了拟合曲线的特征参数.通过对测量结果进行幅值分析和功率谱分析可知,北京地铁5号线梯形轨枕轨道试验段的轨道平顺状态较好.