绿色施工质量管理研究

本文主要对绿色施工质量管理问题展开细致探讨。首先介绍了绿色施工的概念与特点,并阐述了绿色施工质量管理的重要性。然后从绿色施工材料的质量控制、绿色施工施工过程的质量控制以及绿色施工工程验收的质量管控三个方面对绿色施工质量控制进行分析。最后提出了基于评价结果的绿色施工质量改进策略,并通过案例分析验证了绿色施工质量管理体系在实际工程中的应用效果。     

公路工程质量控制中数据统计方法及应用研究

为确定某分项工程的质量,选用适当的统计方法,整理、分析利用数据,并以这些数据作为判断和解决质量问题的依据,从而预测和控制每道工序的质量,实现整体的质量控制目标。以实例分析了数据的统计方法及其对质量控制的应用。     

公路路基常见质量问题及应对措施的探讨

重点探讨公路路基的几种常见质量问题,并分析了各种路基质量问题的产生机理,提出了对公路路基常见质量问题的防治措施。     

基于质量挣值法的旧路改造项目质量控制与评价

文章根据质量管理策略,结合桂林市东安路改建项目工程实例,阐述了旧路改造建设项目质量控制对象,并采用质量控制挣值法对该旧路改造项目进行质量控制分析,同时通过建立质量评价指标体系对该路重建项目质量控制效果进行了评价。     

原油长输防腐保温管预制质量的影响因素分析

防腐保温管的预制质量是影响整个原油管道工程质量的关键因素之一,保证防腐保温管的预制质量至关重要。结合对现场埋地管道硬质聚氨酯泡沫防腐保温层的失效原因分析,通过对现场聚氨酯防腐保温管生产工艺的研究,重点对聚乙烯外护管挤出工艺、穿管工艺、聚氨酯发泡工艺进行了分析,总结了原油长输防腐保温管"两步法"预制过程和储存、运输中的质量影响因素,研究成果对提高油气长输防腐保温管道预制质量具有积极作用。     

公路工程施工质量管理对工程质量的影响及预防措施

文章分析了施工质量管理和工程质量之间的关系,探讨了公路工程施工质量管理对工程质量的影响,提出了公路工程施工质量预防管理措施。     

柴油品质对车辆排放的影响分析

世界各国对车辆排放提出更高要求的同时,燃油品质作为其重要影响因素引起了广泛的重视。本文阐明了燃油质量对发动机性能的影响,分析了我国目前的柴油质量现状,并与国际燃油规范进行了比较,提出了改善燃油质量的途径。     

市政道路施工质量控制策略探讨

市政道路施工质量是保障道路通行的前提,也是城市交通安全的重要保障。结合实践经验,分析影响市政道路施工质量的主要因素,对施工中的难点进行了简要分析,最后提出了提高工程施工质量应采取的策略。     

轮毂电机驱动系统对整车行驶平顺性影响的研究

本文以轮毂电动汽车为依托,建立了1/4车辆双质量振动系统模型,根据系统振动方程,建立MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型,并以此分别分析在路面脉冲激励和路面随机激励下,以不同车速行驶时非簧载质量的增加对车身部分加速度的影响。通过建立传递函数分析不同非簧载质量情况下,车身加速度、相对动载荷和悬架动挠度对路面速度激励的响应情况。最后对目前针对非簧载质量增加对于整车平顺性不利影响的解决方案进行了对比分析。     

浅谈公路工程质量通病及其防治

随着公路建设的不断发展,公路工程质量病害已渐渐显现,对质量通病进行原因分析,并提出了防治措施。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety,liability, privacy,cybersecurity, and industry risks

ABSTRACT

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.