具桩靴自升式钻井船插桩过程有限元模拟研究

在评价具桩靴自升式钻井船的插桩深度及承载力时,包括浅基础、桩基础在内的多种计算方法均有各自的适用条件和局限性。应用有限元数值模拟方法,分别研究了桩靴在均质黏土和均质砂土中贯入一定深度时的地层响应情况,取得了桩靴贯入过程中地基土破坏形式、荷载影响深度、不同公式的适用性等多方面认识。在均质黏土中,随着插桩深度的增加,地基土先后经历了整体剪切破坏、局部剪切破坏、冲剪破坏三种破坏形式;在均质砂土中,地基土的破坏形式主要表现为整体剪切破坏。插桩荷载的影响深度约为3倍桩靴截面宽度。浅基础公式的计算结果与有限元模拟成果更为接近。     

层状土地基条件下具桩靴自升式钻井船插桩深度分析研究

应用有限元数值模拟方法,研究了自升式钻井船的桩靴在复杂层状地基土中贯入一定深度时的地层响应情况,取得了桩靴贯入过程中地基土破坏形式、荷载影响深度、不同承载力计算方法的适用性等多方面认识。在上硬下软及上软下硬的层状土中,所有公式的计算结果无论在数值还是趋势方面都与有限元模拟成果相差较大,这主要是由于单一的公式未考虑到插桩荷载影响深度内下伏不同地层对总承载力的贡献。有限元模拟成果显示,在3. 0B深度范围插桩荷载影响较大;桩靴自上覆硬土层贯入软土层时,会有一定厚度的硬土被压入到软土层,且厚度随插入深度变化,导致出现地层结构的动态重分布。根据层状地层中有限元模拟成果,提出了考虑到3. 0B深度范围所有地层的强度贡献、并考虑地层结构动态重分布的桩靴下地基土极限承载力计算方法,其计算结果与有限元模拟成果最为接近。工程实例计算表明,得出的计算结果以及有限元模拟结果都与实际插桩深度较为接近。     

自升式平台层状地基条件下插桩过程数值模拟研究

对于采用独立式桩靴结构的自升式平台,桩靴的入泥深度是保障平台安全作业的关键问题之一。采用ABAQUS软件的Explicit求解器,以位移增量步方式计算地基极限承载力;在施加初始地应力场的前提下,引入无限元边界处理方法,考虑了土壤无限大边界条件的影响,并使用ALE自适应网格技术有效地解决了土壤模型的大变形问题;最后,将有限元计算与经验公式计算进行比对分析。结果表明,在一定预压载荷条件下,有限元计算结果能较全面精确地反映插桩结果,弥补经验公式考虑参数单一、无法解决层状土承载力之间不连续问题以及无法动态模拟插桩过程的不足。     

自升式平台插桩物理模型实验及分析

研究自升式平台插桩过程的土体运动滑移以及土体变形规律,对合理评价自升式平台桩腿及桩靴的稳定性有重要的意义。以自升式平台插拔桩为工程背景,基于自主研发的＂流固土多项耦合六自由度单双向静动态加载仪＂,对砂性土海床进行比尺实验,利用物理手段研究平台插桩过程中土体与桩靴耦合作用机理。实验中给出了海床插桩入泥深度与地基承载力的曲线,并且推导出砂土力学性质随桩靴深度变化公式。实验的破坏特征与海洋砂土地基实际破坏一致,说明了模型试验的正确性,同时也为层状穿刺试验提供了实验基础。     

地质参数对地基承载力的影响以及土层穿刺评估

地质参数的正确选择对平台安全操作有重要意义。本文针对某自升式海洋平台所处南海海域地质土层,利用数值比较法对砂的内摩擦角以及粘土不排水抗剪强度等地质参数进行研究。通过地质参数前后系数的改变在地基承载力计算结果的体现,比较数值得出结论,并通过所画土层的地基承载力插桩曲线评估该土层发生穿刺危险的可能性。结果表明：采用将砂土内摩擦角降低5°、按实际的土层强度参数进行地基承载力计算和插桩深度预测,计算结果与实际平台操作结果接近以及选取1.5的安全系数计算和评估穿刺危险是可行的。     

新吹填淤泥浅表层加固中“土桩”形成机理及数值分析*

新近吹填的淤泥经浅层加固后出现凹凸不平的"土桩"现象,结合现场试验,分析了孔压监测和静力触探试验结果,同时根据大变形固结理论,对"土桩"现象进行了数值模拟,并与常规真空预压法进行了比较,试验及数值计算结果表明:"土桩"是排水板周围土体细颗粒在渗透力作用下向排水板聚集的结果,其形状呈倒锥形,横截面近似椭圆状,深度不大于1.6 m,在此深度以下,土体强度较为均匀;在同一水平面上,距离排水板越近,土体强度越高,桩间土存在"软弱带";考虑土体参数随固结过程的变化可以反映"土桩"的形成。最后提出了避免或减少"土桩"的建议,所得结论可供类似工程参考。     

新吹填淤泥浅表层加固中“土桩”形成机理及数值分析

新近吹填的淤泥经浅层加固后出现凹凸不平的"土桩"现象,结合现场试验,分析了孔压监测和静力触探试验结果,同时根据大变形固结理论,对"土桩"现象进行了数值模拟,并与常规真空预压法进行了比较,试验及数值计算结果表明:"土桩"是排水板周围土体细颗粒在渗透力作用下向排水板聚集的结果,其形状呈倒锥形,横截面近似椭圆状,深度不大于1.6 m,在此深度以下,土体强度较为均匀;在同一水平面上,距离排水板越近,土体强度越高,桩间土存在"软弱带";考虑土体参数随固结过程的变化可以反映"土桩"的形成。最后提出了避免或减少"土桩"的建议,所得结论可供类似工程参考。     

湛江港大直径钢管桩的压桩试验及其数值模拟

为研究大直径钢管桩压桩试验的数值模拟技术及其与试验结果的差值,以湛江港高桩码头结构为工程背景,对两个码头的3根大直径钢管桩进行了现场试验和数字模拟分析。首先采用锚桩法进行了现场压桩试验,得到了各条试验桩的Q-s曲线和极限承载力;然后采用ABAQUS进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,在整个加载过程中,数值模拟的桩基沉降比现场实测结果大,且随着荷载的增加,两者的差值逐渐增大,沉降量的最终差值在20%~30%。     

饱和砂土振动液化过程中桩的响应数值模拟

首先通过桩土相互作用的振动台模型试验模拟饱和砂土的振动液化过程,并实测桩身应变等数据,为数值计算提供可供比较的试验数据;其次依据饱和弱化土层p-y关系,利用拟静力计算方法,应用温克尔地基梁模型数值模拟饱和砂土振动液化过程中桩身弯矩。通过拟静力计算结果和试验结果的对比分析,认为当桩顶惯性力的折减系数为0.6时,数值模拟结果成立。     

南海海域地质参数变化对地基承载力的影响及穿刺评估

地质参数的正确选择对平台安全操作有重要意义。针对某自升式海洋平台所处南海海域地质土层,利用数值比较法对砂的内摩擦角Φ以及粘土不排水抗剪强度Su等地质参数进行研究。通过地质参数前后系数的改变在地基承载力计算结果的体现,比较数值得出结论,并通过地基承载力插桩曲线评估该土层发生穿刺危险的可能性。结果表明:将砂土内摩擦角降低5°,按实际的土层强度参数进行地基承载力计算和插桩深度预测,计算结果与实际平台操作结果接近,并且选取1.5的安全系数计算和评估穿刺危险也是可行的。     

Controlled installation of spudcan foundations on loose sand overlying weak clay

Offshore jack-up rigs are often used for site exploration and oil well drilling. The footings of jack-up rigs are known as spudcan foundations. The risk of rapid uncontrolled penetration of spudcan in seabed (“punch-through”) exposes jack-ups to significant risk during installation in strong over weak layered seabeds. An example for this is a thin loose sand layer overlying a weaker stratum of clay. To prevent spudcans from “punch-through”, an in-situ measurement concept is suggested in this paper to control the installation process of spudcan foundations. First, three-dimensional finite element studies using a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method are carried out to simulate the penetration process. The numerical results have been validated with existing analytical solutions and centrifuge model test data. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influences of the sand thickness and shear strength of the clay on the bearing capacity of spudcans. Based on the numerical studies an idea for the development of an in-situ measurement concept is suggested to control the spudcan penetration process in-situ.     

强夯砂土地基锥尖阻力分布规律及施工参数选择

为探究强夯砂土地基锥尖阻力分布规律,采用静力触探试验方法对22个吹填区进行试验研究。发现以下分布规律:1)强夯砂土地基下锥尖阻力在1 m深度范围内基本呈线性分布; 2)对于吹填厚度约为11 m的区域,在1～6 m范围内会出现峰值,6～10 m范围内锥尖阻力有所下降,10 m深度以下由于接近海床高程的砾砂层锥尖阻力再次增大; 3)对于吹填厚度约为6 m的区域,在1～4 m范围内锥尖阻力会达到峰值,4～6 m范围内锥尖阻力有所下降,6 m深度以下由于接近海床高程的砾砂层锥尖阻力再次增大。通过试验结果计算承载力和总沉降量,并以此检验施工参数选取的合理性。     

自升式钻井平台抗滑移能力分析

在理论公式的基础上,通过Abaqus软件模拟桩靴在土壤中的滑移过程,建立一种分析桩靴抗滑移阻力数值方法.首先研究各船级社抗滑移理论公式;在此基础上,建立桩靴-土系统有限元模型,利用CEL方法,建立研究所需工况,研究土体受力产生流动变形,得出抗滑移阻力数值解和土壤流动机制;最后将抗滑移阻力理论解与数值解进行对比分析与讨论.弥补现有理论公式不足,为计算桩靴抗滑移阻力提供一种精确的方法.     

Advances in the prediction of spudcan punch-through in double-layered soils

Punch-through failure of jack-up spudcan foundations occurs in active oil and gas drilling exploration regions, where relatively stiff soil overlies soft marine layer. Therefore, installation of spudcan foundations in such seabed formations threatens the stability of the jack-up rig. A site-specific assessment of the potential and severity of failure must be completed before the commencement of the installation. However, the accuracy of the prediction is limited by the validity of the design method currently in use. This paper presents advances in the prediction of punch-through failure of jack-up platforms in sand/stiff clay over soft clay soils. New analytical models for spudcan installation in double-layered soils are reviewed and compared to the existing methods in the ISO 19905-1 standard and SNAME standard. The capabilities and limitations of each method are summarised and recommendations are drawn for the theoretical predictions of spudcan punch-through in double-layered soils.     

加纳特码项目桩基工程选锤及停锤标准介绍

加纳特码新集装箱码头后轨道梁基础采用钢管桩结构,设计桩端土层为强风化片麻岩。本文首先详细地介绍了本项目的工程地质特点和锤型选择过程,通过理论公式和试沉桩确定了以贯入度控制的停锤标准,进一步用高应变动力检测试验和静载荷试验进行复核并对ENR公式进行修正,为今后类似土层沉桩施工提供一定参考。     

Riser-soil interaction model effects on the dynamic behavior of a steel catenary riser

A mathematical model employed to analyze the global dynamics of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) taking into account the interaction with the seafloor and the effect of the soil reaction forces is established. The choice of soil model plays an important role for the dynamic behavior of SCRs. The riser has been modeled using flexible beam with large curvature and elastic foundation beam to describe the riser-soil interaction by means of realistic nonlinear load-deflection (P–y) curves. The study is made to improve an existing finite element numerical code for dynamic analysis of mooring lines and risers, known as CABLE 3D, which is based on a slender rod assumption. Effects of nonlinear seabed model on the dynamic behavior of SCRs under vessel cyclic perturbation have further been investigated and discussed using a realistic P–y curve to simulate soil deformation and resistance forces. The interaction model depends on several factors, such as soil strength, penetration depth and riser characteristics. The dynamic responses of the riser Touchdown Point (TDP) excited by vessel periodic heave motion are studied and the results are compared with those from the linear spring model. SCR has been perturbed by 10 regular sinusoidal cycles and the responses calculated by improved code show a number of features such as suction force mobilization, gradual increasing penetration depth, and gradual reduction of soil resistance at maximum penetration. The riser behavior at the touchdown zone (TDZ) depends on the riser top motion amplitude, nonlinear soil stiffness and suction force. The impact of the riser-soil interaction model on the dynamic behavior in the TDZ has been thoroughly studied in this paper.     

Determination of limiting cavity depths for offshore spudcan foundations in a spatially varying seabed

The importance of accurate prediction of limiting cavity depths during offshore spudcan foundations installation has been variously highlighted in the literature. Nonetheless, most of the previous research is deterministic in nature and confined to homogenous soils. Since offshore clayey soils can be highly spatially variable, there is a practical need to take proper account of the spatial variability in the prediction of limiting cavity depths. In a bid to remedy this situation, large deformation finite element calculations combined with three-dimensional random fields were repeatedly conducted in this study within a Monte-Carlo framework. The continuous penetration of a spudcan initiated from surface was explicitly modeled until a full-localized flow-around mechanism was observed. Spatial variability was found to clearly affect the soil back-flow and thereby the limiting cavity depth, the latter of which takes a range of values that can be approximately modeled as a log-normal distribution. Characteristic limiting cavity depths at various probability levels were ascertained. An algebraic expression was proposed to explicitly predict the characteristic limiting cavity depths in random soils from the fractile. Particular attention was paid to the lower and upper 5% characteristic values, which are likely to be useful for reliability-based design.     

基于硬质黏土切削理论的耙齿切削阻力分析

耙头在挖掘硬质黏土时,耙齿切削阻力较大,需要匹配的主机负荷也相应增加,使得工程经济性降低.为了分析硬质黏土切削过程中耙齿切削阻力的大小及变化趋势,优化耙头设计和使用工艺,对一定含水率和标贯击数的硬质黏土进行多工况下耙齿水平和垂直切削阻力计算.通过计算模型对2种耙齿切削过程中土体破坏长度和宽度进行计算.结果表明:硬质黏土...     

自升式钻井平台桩靴结构强度分析

桩靴是钻井平台的重要支撑构件,其结构强度对整个钻井平台的安全起着至关重要的作用。以某自升式钻井平台桩靴为研究对象,根据ABS(美国船级社)规范要求,建立桩靴结构强度的力学模型,并合理简化,分析了预压载和自存两种工况下的设计载荷。利用有限元软件MSC.Patran/Nastran对两种工况下桩靴的强度进行分析,研究得到桩靴强度工程化分析流程以及结构强度特性,分析结果为自升式钻井平台的桩靴设计提供参考。