流动注射化学发光法监测环境水中的亚硝酸盐

研究发现 ,酸性亚硝酸根与碱性鲁米诺反应产生很强的化学发光 ,从而建立了亚硝酸根在线分析化学发光新方法 .此法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为 3.3× 10 -3 ～ 3.3μg/mL ,标准曲线是I=72 9.0 9c+36 .3(n =13,R2=0 .993) ,相对标准偏差为 1.0 3% (0 .17μg/mL亚硝酸根 ,n =11)和 4 .38% (0 .0 17μg/mL亚硝酸根 ,n =11) ,检出限为 1.6× 10 -3 μg/mL .将此法运用于环境水体中亚硝酸根的监测 ,具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽和不产生二次污染的优点     

环境水样中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐监测方法研究

试验发现,硝酸根在海绵锌镉还原剂的存在下被还原为亚硝酸根.基于这一试验结果,采用H2O2 鲁米诺化学发光体系对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行在线分析,建立了同时测定亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的新方法.用此法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为3×10-3 ~3mg/L,检出限为1. 5×10-3 mg/L;测定硝酸根的线性范围为1~100mg/L,检出限为0. 33mg/L.此法已用于天然水样中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐同时监测,结果表明,最大相对标准偏差不超过4%.     

CREATE TRANSGENIC RABBITS BY MICROINJECTING HUMAN apoA-Ⅱ GENE INTO FERTILIZED EGGS

Objective To create transgenic rabbits by microinjecting human apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ (apoA-Ⅱ) geneinto one-cell embryos, to study apoA-Ⅱ gene function on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Methods Superovulation and synchronization of estrus were induced in female Japanese White Rabbits by injecting hormone,then mating with male. After collected the fertilized eggs, the human apoA-Ⅱ gene was microinjected into the male pronucleus of eggs. The injected eggs were transferred into recipient female rabbits. Last, extract DNA from the new borns ear and determine whether the newborns were transgenic by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Southern blot analysis. Results A total of 822 embryos with microinjection of human apoA-Ⅱ gene were implanted into 28 recipient rabbits. The number of surviving newborns was 37. 3 transgenic positive surviving founders were found with humanapoA-Ⅱ.     

反相流动注射化学发光法测定含巯基药物的含量

目的 建立一种快速、准确、高灵敏度的检测含巯基药物的化学发光分析方法.方法 在硫酸酸性介质条件下,高锰酸钾可与乙二醛产生化学发光,而含巯基药物对该化学发光有显著的增强作用,基于此现象建立了流动注射化学发光分析法测定含巯基药物的新方法.结果 实验对影响化学发光的可能因素和参数进行了优化,在优化的条件下,甲巯咪唑、卡托普利和乙酰半胱氨酸分别在1.0×10~(-8)～5.0×10~(-6)、7.0×10~(-8)～1.0×10~(-6)和3.0×10~(-8)～1.0×10~(-6)g/mL浓度范围内与相对化学发光强度成良好的线性关系,检测限分别为1.0、3.9、3.7ng/mL.结论 本方法已成功应用于3种含巯基药物制剂的含量测定,与药典方法比较,结果满意.     

测定奥美拉唑的流动注射化学发光新方法

目的 建立测定奥美拉唑的流动注射化学发光新方法.方法 当将奥美拉唑注入到高锰酸钾与鲁米诺反应的合并流中时,可检测到强的化学发光信号,结合流动注射技术对实验条件进行优化.结果在优化的实验条件下,即混合管长度:150cm,反应介质的碱度:0.15mol/L NaOH,鲁米诺的浓度:7.0×10-5mol/L,高锰酸钾的浓度:2.0×10-5mol/L以及试剂流速:2.8mL/min,奥美拉唑浓度在2.0×10-8～1.0×10-5g/mL范围内与相对化学发光强度具有线性关系;对浓度为1.0×10-7g/mL和1.0×10-6g/mL奥美拉唑溶液进行11次平行测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.0%和2.6%;该方法的检出限为3×10-9g/mL.结论该方法简单、快速、灵敏,适用于药物制剂中奥美拉唑的含量测定.     

流动注射-光度法测定亚硝酸盐

为快速测定微量亚硝酸盐,建立了一种新的测定亚硝酸盐的方法--流动注射-催化光度法.该方法结合流动注射技术,以亚硝酸盐对氯酸钠与亚甲基蓝发生的褪色反应有催化作用的研究结果为基础.最优试验条件下,在5～150 μg/L和150～1 000 μg/L范围内吸光强度与NO_2~-的质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,该方法的检出限为1 μg/L.对质量浓度为10和100 μg/L的NO_2~-分别进行了11次连续测定,相对标准偏差分别为3.1%和4.6%.用此方法检测河水和地下水水样中的亚硝酸盐,标准偏差为1.1%～3.4%,加标回收率为97.6%～100.3%.     

两种注射型载体材料负载骨形态发生蛋白对兔前交叉韧带重建术后腱-骨愈合的影响

目的 探讨注射型纤维蛋白胶(FG)、注射型磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)负载骨形态发生蛋白(bBMP)对前交叉韧带重建术后腱-骨愈合的影响.方法 利用新西兰白兔(n=50)双侧趾长伸肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带(ACL),其中一侧骨隧道与移植肌腱之间的间隙注入复合性材料作为实验组,包括FG-bBMP组(n=25)及CPC-bBMP组(n=25),另一侧作为对照组.分别于术后2、6、12周取材,进行Micro-CT扫描、组织学染色及生物力学检测观察腱-骨之间的愈合状况.结果 影像学结果显示,术后6周,FG-bBMP组骨密度BMD值高于CPC-bBMP组,但术后12周时,CPC-bBMP组腱-骨间BMD值最高.组织学结果显示,术后2周,FG-bBMP组腱-骨间较CPC-bBMP组可见更多的软骨细胞及新生骨;术后6周,FG-bBMP组腱-骨间软骨细胞已逐渐钙化成骨,而CPC-bBMP组腱-骨界面则呈现新生骨组织向肌腱方向长入;术后12周,CPC-bBMP组腱-骨间隙被更多的新生骨和新生软骨填充,而FG-bBMP组新生骨已明显成熟.对照组术后腱-骨间一直被纤维样结缔组织连接.生物力学结果同样证实,FG-bBMP组和CPC-bBMP组的最大牵拉力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 FG-bBMP和CPC-bBMP复合物均能促进腱-骨间的愈合,但FG-bBMP组腱-骨间新生骨生成具有爆发效应,而CPC-bBMP组腱-骨间新生骨生成则呈现缓慢上升的趋势.     

微注射成形实验与数值模拟

为研究注射料的流动性和模腔形状的复制能力,加工了含有微流道的模具,在微注射系统上进行了微注射实验.应用基于矢量化显式算法的程序,在不同壁面边界条件下,对微注射实验进行了模拟.结果表明:在注射料温度220 ℃、模具温度40 ℃、注射流量为20 mm3/s、注射时间1 s、保压时间10 s的注射工艺条件下,聚丙烯能较好的复制长5 mm,宽1.5 mm和厚0.8 mm的微流道形状.采用滑移边界条件的微注射模拟结果与实验结果一致,说明微注射中存在边界滑移速度.     

超声引导~(32)P胶体注射治疗甲状腺腺瘤

目的　探讨超声引导32 P胶体注射治疗甲状腺腺瘤的应用价值。方法　 6 8例患者中 3 8例为实性腺瘤 ,3 0例为腺瘤囊性变 ,分别给予每cm31 .0～ 1 .5mL注射液 (32 P胶体含量为 3 7～74MBq)及 1 8.5～ 3 7MBq·mL- 1 瘤内注射治疗。治疗前后行血常规、甲功、超声等检测。 3 2例病人行 6～ 3 6个月不等期随访。结果　实性腺瘤组总治愈率 71 .0 5 % (2 7/ 3 8) ,腺瘤囊性变组总治愈率 86 .6 7% (2 6 / 3 0 )。血象、甲状腺轴激素治疗前后无显著改变 ,两组病例均未见明显的副反应。结论　超声引导32 P胶体注射治疗甲状腺腺瘤疗效确切 ,且简便、安全 ,可替代部分中小甲状腺瘤的外科治疗。     

注射成形填充模拟的修正算法

为提高注射成形过程数值模拟结果的准确性,采用类似迎风法的概念,通过对平流方程作为填充状态控制方程而导致模拟失真原因的分析,提出了相应的数值修正算法.该方法在高效显式数值模拟算法和有限元软件基础上,通过对模型内流体速度场的系统性操作,削弱空气流动速度场对喂料填充的不真实影响,使得填充状态的输送更基于流动前沿面后部的流场作用,并对⊥型和L型模腔进行了数值仿真.结果表明:该方法能有效抑制填充流的失真现象,实现了在流动过程中流向发生大角度变化模腔的正确填充过程.      

A New Explicit Algorithm for Bi-Phasic Mixture Flow in MIM

Metal injection moulding (MIM) is a new technology to manufacture small intricate parts in large quantity. Numerical simulation plays an important role in its development. To predict the specific segregation effect in MIM injection, mixture theory is adopted to model the injection flow by a bi-phasic model. This model conducts to the solution of two-coupled Stokes equations. It is an extremely computational consuming solution in the scope of the traditional algorithms, which induce a serious challenge to cost-effectivity of the MIM simulation. Referred to some methods proposed by Lewis in mono-phasic simulation and the implicit algorithms in MIM simulation, a new explicit algorithm is proposed and realized to perform efficiently this type of bi-phasic flow. Numerically this algorithm is devised to perform the simulation in a fully uncoupled manner except for a global solution of the pressure field in each time step. The physical coupling is taken into account in a sequential pattern by fractional steps. This special algorithm does not need any iteration, so it is straightforward and robust, suitable for MIM simulation and other sorts of simulations for multi-phasic flow.     

Phase Behaviors in Bi-phase Simulation of Powder Segregation in Metal Injection Molding

Powder segregation induced by mold filling is an important phenomenon that affects the final quality of metal injection molding （MIM）. The prediction of segregation in MIM requires a bi-phase flow model to describe distinctly the flows of metallic powder and polymer binder. Viscous behaviors for the flows of each phase should hence be determined. The coefficient of interaction between the flows of two phases should also be evaluated. However, only viscosity of the mixed feedstock is measurable by capillary tests. Wall sticking is supposed in the traditional model for capillary tests, while the wall slip is important to be taken into account in MIM injection. Objective of the present paper is to introduce the slip effect in bi-phase simulation, and search the suitable way to determine the viscous behaviors for each phase with the consideration of wall slip in capillary tests. Analytical and numerical methods were proposed to realize such a specific purpose. The proposed method is based on the mass conservation between the capillary flows in mono-phase model for the mixed feedstock and in bi-phase model for the flows of two phases. Examples of the bi-phase simulation in MIM were realized with the software developed by research team. The results show evident segregation, which is valuable for improving the mould designs.     

混凝土离析评定方法的研究

根据新拌混凝土产生离析的原因,结合均匀性的概念,提出新拌混凝土离析评定方法,并基于此建立离析评价指标——离析度。试验结果表明,离析度与混凝土强度呈反比关系,建立的离析度评价体系是正确、合理的。结果还表明,搅拌时间与放置时间均会影响混凝土离析度,建议工程生产中要将搅拌时间控制在合理的范围内,尽量缩短放置时间从而减小新拌混凝土离析度。     

K法优化二灰稳定砂砾配合比研究

针对二灰砂砾在实际使用中存在离析、早期强度较低、耐冲刷性一般等缺点,通过合理级配设计使得二灰砂砾具有良好的路用性能是保障其应用的关键。通过K法对二灰砂砾配合比优化,经过室内测试分析,提出了基于性能设计原则的二灰砂砾混合料合理的配合比。     

基于乳化平台的温拌混合料最佳拌和与压实温度的确定方法研究

根据温拌沥青混合料取得最佳压实效果的粘度和压实温度与剪切速率的关系,推荐使用50s-1的温拌改性沥青混合料测粘剪切速率,可以得出根据温拌沥青粘温曲线确定拌和与压实温度的方法。根据此方法确定的温拌沥青混合料压实温度与压实效果最佳时的压实温度相近。通过室内试验和试验路检测结果,进一步验证了采用上述方法确定的拌和和压实温度是合理的。     

Microstructure evolution during remelting of high solid fraction ZL101 alloy

This work deals with the reheating process for semi-solid thixoforming of ZL101 (AlSi7Mg) alloy. The semi-solid state can decrease the viscosity and the resistance while sheared because of the evolutional behavior, which is characterized by a solid-like behavior at rest and a liquid flow during shearing. The microstructure evolution of ZL101 alloy at different temperatures from 540 to 580 °C has been studied. Results show that the eutectic temperature can affect the transformation speed of semi-solid structure. Semi-solid microstructures with high solid fraction can be obtained by controlling the reheating time in less than 20min, while at the temperature lower than the eutectic temperature it needs more than one hour. Another character of semi-solid ZL101 alloy is the segregation of microstructures in semi-solid state, in which the liquid phase between the solid phases can flow freely and lead to the shrinkage of the sample during the heating process. As the holding time goes on, more shrinkage holes appear and change the surface of the specimen. These shrinkage holes are replenished by the liquid phase during compression deformation, resulting in the segregation of the components.     

A new algorithm for non-newtonian flow and its application in mould filling process

The simulation of injection molding process requires a stable algorithm to model the molten polymer with non-isothermal non-Newtonian property. In this paper, a staggered and iterative scheme is particularly designed to solve the velocity-pressure-temperature variables. In consideration of the polymer characteristic of high viscosity and low thermal conductivity, the non-Newtonian momentum-mass conservation equations are solved by the Crank-Nicolson method based split (CNBS) scheme, and the energy conservation equation with convective character is discretized by the characteristic Galerkin (CG) method. In addition, an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) free surface tracking and mesh generation method is introduced to catch the front of the fluid flow. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by numerical experiments including a lid-driven cavity flow problem and an injection molding problem.     

基于滑移网格法桨——舵相互干扰流场分析

采用CFD方法,利用滑移网格法,以JDC4-55可调螺距螺旋桨与非对称舵为考核算例,模拟桨—舵相互干扰引起的三维非定常湍流,通过改变舵角来得到相应的流场,分析在同一进速系数下流场变化规律,从模拟的结果来看,该方法能较好地展示桨舵干扰的粘性流场。     

The Kinematics and Field Equations for Porous Media

With a porous medium regarded as an immiscible mixture of multiphase and each phase as a miscible mixture of multi-constituent, a systematical research on the kinematics and field equations for porous media is carried out from the point of view of mixture theory. It is shown that the motion of each phase is the mathematical average of the motions of all constituents in the phase, and that the motion of porous media may be described as the motion of the skeleton and the relative motion of each phase with respect to the skeleton. The influence of mass exchange between different constituents in each phase and the influence of mass exchange of same constituent between different phases in porous media are considered in field equations which are self-consistent in theory. All the field equations in the references are special cases of the equations proposed in this paper.     

一种改进时域同步平均的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

复杂结构设备的滚动轴承其振动信号成分复杂,故障信号微弱,信噪比很小,常规诊断方法难以有效消除背景噪声,有效提取故障信息.文中研究了基于相位补偿时域同步平均的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,并根据轴承故障信号存在调制的特点,探讨了同步周期的合理选取.通过对轴承内圈故障的仿真研究,验证了相位补偿时域同步平均方法的有效性,它能够同时提取故障特征频率与调制频率,为精确诊断轴承故障提供了新的途径.经进一步实验研究,证明该方法是有效的.