基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘综合评价

为深入了解城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘衔接的有效性,文章从换乘效率和换乘服务设施协调性两个维度构建城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘综合评价体系,建立熵权-TOPSIS模型对换乘综合水平进行评价,并对南宁城市轨道交通1号线与常规公交换乘进行实证分析。结果表明,熵权-TOPSIS评价模型在城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘综合评价上具有合理性和可行性。     

市域铁路与城市轨道交通换乘站设施配置评价研究

为了促进市域铁路与城市轨道交通的一体化发展,对市域铁路与城市轨道交通换乘站设施配置进行研究。首先,通过综合考虑市域铁路与城市轨道交通换乘站设施配置的影响因素,从高效性、可靠性、舒适性、经济性、安全性建立评价指标体系;其次,为了减少专家主观偏好对评价结果的影响,采用基于组合数的有序加权平均C-OWA算子对专家打分数据进行处理,从而确定指标权重;最后,进行案例分析以验证评价指标的科学性。     

城市轨道交通与常规公交协调方法研究进展

随着城市化进程的推进,建立完善的城市公共交通系统变得尤为重要。城市轨道交通与常规公交作为城市公共交通系统的重要组成部分,两者之间的协调配合将会减少两者之间的竞争,提高整个城市公共交通系统的运输能力。本文对当前城市轨道交通以及常规公交的发展特点进行了分析,研究了国内外城市轨道交通与常规公交协调的研究成果。并在此基础上分析了目前二者协调面临的管理分离、线路网络规划不合理等问题,从线网优化和调度运营两方面提出了两种交通方式换乘客流的运能协调的进一步研究思路。     

基于GD—AHP和D—S证据理论的高速公路隧道火灾风险因子权重的确定方法

本文构建了高速公路隧道火灾风险评价的指标体系,应用GD-AHP和D-S证据理论融合算法相结合的方法,确定了高速公路隧道火灾风险因子相对于高速公路隧道火灾风险的权重值,可为高速公路隧道火灾管理与防灾措施的制定提供参考。     

城市轨道交通建设时序影响因素分析

城市轨道交通建设时序是决定城市轨道交通线网的建设规模、建设时机和建设顺序的重要依据。文章分析了城市轨道交通建设时序研究的重要性,从城市轨道交通建设规划入手,结合城市轨道交通建设近期、中期、远期建设的影响因素分析建设时序的影响因素,提出城市轨道交通建设、运营、管理期间的三个共同影响因素:交通需求、线网完备性和与城市空间发展协调性,并以巴黎地铁为例,验证了这三个影响因素的合理性,为城市轨道交通建设时序研究提供一定的理论基础。     

基于遗传算法的地面常规公交与城市轨道交通接驳研究

为了研究地面常规公交与城市轨道接驳问题,构建了基于乘客交通出行时间最短优化模型,采用遗传算法进行求解,并通过具体案例进行了模型验证。结果表明建立的优化模型及遗传算法适用于接驳问题。     

基于多源数据的公交客流规模关联分析

分析公交客流规模的关联因素,梳理与公交客流规模有关的关联规则,有助于决策者把握整体态势、定义现状问题、细分问题类型。本文以深圳市为案例,以交通小区为分析单元,基于公交IC卡数据、人口数据、兴趣点数据、电子地图路径规划数据、微博签到数据等多源数据,从建成环境、人口密度、公交线网设施、交通可达性等维度,定量地表现影响公交客流规模的关联因素。通过构建决策树模型,揭示公交客流规模与关联因素间的映射关系,提取与公交客流规模有关的关联规则。研究结论为基于多源数据的公交客流规模评价方法提供了一种新的思路,也为公交线网规划提供了决策支持工具。     

城市轨道交通线网客流预测及特征研究

建设高效绿色的轨道交通系统已成为各大城市提升城市形象、缓解交通拥堵、方便居民出行的首选,而客流预测是其中必不可少的重要工作。本文结合普洱市城市轨道交通客流预测实例,在研究现状城市居民出行特征、公交发展水平及道路系统运行特征基础上,利用四阶段模型理论,分析普洱市不同组团间的居民出行量、出行分布、出行结构等特征,对普洱市城市轨道交通线网客流进行测试,通过预测线路的断面流量、客运量、负荷强度,确定不同的比选方案指标,为城市轨道交通线网规划提供量化支撑。     

常规公交驾驶员个人特征对行车速度的影响研究

为了研究常规公交驾驶员个人特征对行车速度的影响,本文采取问卷调查的方式获取了220份常规公交驾驶员个人特征的有效调查数据,根据驾驶员行车速度区间的不同,将行车速度选择行为划分四个区间,即为四个选择肢。基于非集计理论,以常规公交驾驶员个人特征定为影响因素,构建常规公交驾驶员个人特征对行车速度的影响度量模型。运用弹性值理论,分析不同因素与行车速度选择行为的敏感程度。分析结果表明,常规公交驾驶员的年龄、驾龄和性格所对应的弹性值绝对值均大于1.000,说明这些影响因素对行车速度区间选择行为富有弹性;性别、受教育程度、矫正视力等7个因素所对应的弹性值绝对值均不大于1.000,说明这些因素对行车速度区间选择行为缺乏弹性。最后根据分析结果提出了相应的管控对策,为常规公交驾驶员考核选拔提供参考依据。     

轨道交通接运公交专线现状特性分析

文章通过对广州市地铁接运公交专线现状的调研,分析了我国大城市轨道交通接运公交的现状特性及影响其运营性能的各种因素,探讨了提高运营性能的方法,为类似城市轨道交通接运公交专线的规划提供参考。     

Transit scheduling

This paper provides an overview of the transit operational planning process with an emphasis on certain aspects of new methodologies in scheduling. The transit scheduling system usually consists of three interelated components: (1) creation of timetables; (2) scheduling vehicles to trips; and (3) assignment of drivers. These three components are described, but with a focus on the first component because of its importance from the user's perspective. The design of a transit timetable is discussed from both a practical and an analytical viewpoint. A methodology is presented on the construction of alternative computerized public timetables, based on procedures that improve the correspondence of vehicle departure times with passenger demand. The vehicle scheduling procedure is viewed through the minimization of the number of vehicles required to carry out a fixed or variable timetable. Finally, different approaches to the crew assignment component are briefly discussed. The overview and methodologies presented in the paper suggest that most scheduling tasks can be performed automatically or in a conversational man-computer mode. The adoption of new scheduling procedures will undoubtedly increase the efficiency of each of the three components of the transit scheduling system.     

Transit pricing research

Several decades of research on transit pricing have provided clear insights into how riders respond to price changes in both the transit and automobile sectors. For the most part, riders are insensitive to changes in either fare levels, structures, or forms of payments, though this varies considerably among user groups and operating environments. Since riders are approximately twice as sensitive to changes in travel time as they are to changes in fares, a compelling argument can be made for operating more premium quality transit services at higher prices. Such programs could be supplemented by vouchers and concessionary programs to reduce the burden of higher fares on low-income users. Also, cross-elasticity research suggests that higher automobile prices would have a significantly greater affect on ridership than lower fares. Most research on transit fare structures shows that the common practice of flat fares is highly inequitable, penalizing short-distance and off-peak users. Free fare programs have proven quite costly for each new transit user attracted and have rarely lured motorists to transit. Free fares limited to downtowns have been more successful than systemwide free fare programs. While prepayment schemes have met with success in the U.S. and Europe, honor fares have suffered from excessive revenue losses in at least one case in the U.S. Some of the more noteworthy fare policy successes in North America have been Bridgeport's combined pass-fare program, Allentown's deep discounts, Ottawa's major fare reduction and differentiation, and Columbus's substantial midday discount. As paratransit and other new transit alternatives to conventional bus continue to emerge, new, more differentiated fare practices can be expected in the future.     

Transit system network design

This article formulates a transit network design model for determining frequencies of each transit line in a network. This transit network design model requires a mode-split assignment model with distinct transit lines, each with its own specified frequency, to capture the mode split effects of increases or decreases in individual transit line frequencies. It is shown how to refine conventional mode-split assignment models to include this feature. The resulting model includes more precise measures of transit access and transfer delays, so that it more accurately predicts mode choices and link flows. This variation of the mode-split assignment model uses Dial's transit loader to solve Frank-Wolfe subproblems, using frequencies of individual transit lines to find fastest transit paths, considering access time, ride time, and any transfer delays. Computational shortcuts using the standard Hooke-Jeeves algorithm are demonstrated.     

Intermodal Transit System Coordination

In urban areas where transit demand is widely spread, passengers may be served by an intermodal transit system, consisting of a rail transit line (or a bus rapid transit route) and a number of feeder routes connecting at different transfer stations. In such a system, passengers may need one or more transfers to complete their journey. Therefore, scheduling vehicles operating in the system with special attention to reduce transfer time can contribute significantly to service quality improvements. Schedule synchronization may significantly reduce transfer delays at transfer stations where various routes interconnect. Since vehicle arrivals are stochastic, slack time allowances in vehicle schedules may be desirable to reduce the probability of missed connections. An objective total cost function, including supplier and user costs, is formulated for optimizing the coordination of a general intermodal transit network. A four-stage procedure is developed for determining the optimal coordination status among routes at every transfer station. Considering stochastic feeder vehicle arrivals at transfer stations, the slack times of coordinated routes are optimized, by balancing the savings from transfer delays and additional cost from slack delays and operating costs. The model thus developed is used to optimize the coordination of an intermodal transit network, while the impact of a range of factors on coordination (e.g., demand, standard deviation of vehicle arrival times, etc) is examined.     

上海轨道交通世纪大道换乘枢纽站空调通风设计

上海轨道交通世纪大道枢纽站是一座四线换乘的大型地下车站,详细介绍了该站空调通风系统的设计思路、设计难点及应对措施,并阐述了换乘车站设备共享与火灾排烟模式等内容,供同类工程设计参考。     

Transit assignment under crowded conditions

This paper presents a transit assignment algorithm for crowded networks. Both congestion in vehicles and queuing at stations are explicitly taken into account in predicting passenger flows for a fixed pattern of origin-destination trip demands. The overflow effects due to insufficient capacity of transit lines are considered to be concentrated at transit stations, while the in-vehicle congestion effects (or discomforts) are considered to be dependent on in-vehicle passenger volume. Overflow delay at a transit station is dependent on the number of excess passengers required to wait for the next transit car. We use a logit model to determine the split between passengers that chose to wait for the next transit car and passengers that chose to board on the alternative transit lines. The proposed algorithm predicts how passenger will choose their optimal routes under both queuing and crowded conditions.     

True Walking Distance to Transit

Abstract

People riding transit in the city of Detroit walk on average 0.8 miles (1.3 km) per round trip. The straight-line walking distance was found by buffering the bus stop locations and comparing them to the weighted US Census blocks. However, the true walking path follows the street pattern. Rather than undertaking network analysis, which would require connecting all addresses in the city with all bus stops, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed in geographic information system with random addresses. The simulation was performed over several addresses until convergence was achieved. The distances were converted to walking times and compared to the US National Household Transportation Survey.     

对轨道交通线路方案比选的思考与研究

线路方案比选在城市轨道交通设计研究中起着至关重要的作用。本文介绍和分析了确定轨道交通线路方案需要综合考虑的综合功能、工程实施难易程度以及工程投资及运营费用等因素,最后择优选定较为合理的方案。     

Transit user perceptions of driverless buses

This paper reports the results of a stated preference survey of regular transit users’ willingness to ride and concerns about driverless buses in the Philadelphia region. As automated technologies advance, driverless buses may offer significant efficiency, safety, and operational improvements over traditional bus services. However, unfamiliarity with automated vehicle technology may challenge its acceptance among the general public and slow the adoption of new technologies. Using a mixed logit modeling framework, this research examines which types of transit users are most willing to ride in driverless buses and whether having a transit employee on board to monitor the vehicle operations and/or provide customer service matters. Of the 891 surveyed members of University of Pennsylvania’s transit pass benefit program, two-thirds express a willingness to ride in a driverless bus when a transit employee is on board to monitor vehicle operations and provide customer service. By contrast, only 13% would agree to ride a bus without an employee on board. Males and those in younger age groups (18–34) are more willing to ride in driverless buses than females and those in older age groups. Findings suggest that, so long as a transit employee is onboard, many transit passengers will willingly board early generation automated buses. An abrupt shift to buses without employees on board, by contrast, will likely alienate many transit users.

     

Transit competitiveness in polycentric metropolitan regions

This paper analyzes the potential to, and impacts of, increasing transit modal split in a polycentric metropolitan area – the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania region. Potential transit riders are preselected as those travelers whose trips begin and end in areas with transit-supportive land uses, defined as “activity centers,” areas of high-density employment and trip attraction. A multimodal traffic assignment model is developed and solved to quantify the generalized cost of travel by transit services and private automobile under (user) equilibrium conditions. The model predicts transit modal split by identifying the origin–destination pairs for which transit offers lower generalized cost. For those origin–destination pairs for which transit does not offer the lowest generalized cost, I compute a transit competitiveness measure, the ratio of transit generalized cost to auto generalized cost. The model is first formulated and solved for existing transit service and regional pricing schemes. Next, various transit incentives (travel time or fare reductions, increased service) and auto disincentives (higher out of pocket expenses) are proposed and their impacts on individual travel choices and system performance are quantified. The results suggest that a coordinated policy of improved transit service and some auto disincentives is necessary to achieve greater modal split and improved system efficiency in the region. Further, the research finds that two levels of coordinated transit service, between and within activity centers, are necessary to realize the greatest improvements in system performance.