两类2人非合作有限博弈分类的可行性

从2人非合作有限博弈的数学结构出发,通过Baire纲和测度两种方法,证明了在这两种意义下,对绝大多数2人非合作有限博弈分类的可行性.首先,证明了在Baire纲意义下,当一个局中人的策略选定,另一个局中人的最优策略唯一时对应的2人有限非合作博弈在所有2人有限博弈中占绝大多数;其次,证明了在测度意义下,当一个局中人的策略选定,另一个局中人有多个最优策略时对应的2人有限非合作博弈在所有2人有限博弈中占极少数;最后,证明了绝大多数的2人非合作有限博弈的任何策略矩阵均可以"重复剔除严格劣策略"原则化为方阵.     

基于博弈论的集装箱班轮公司定价策略

以博弈论的基本理论和经典案例为基础,建立班轮公司定价策略的博弈模型,进而分析班轮公司之间在制定运价策略上的相互影响和博弈结果,并对不同情况下的博弈定价策略提出看法。研究表明,班轮公司之间的博弈对其班轮运价产生显著影响,特别是在当前全球金融危机扩散的背景下,博弈对班轮公司制定运价的重要性尤为突出,成本应始终是班轮博弈定价的核心导向。     

演化博弈视角下宏观调控对制造业企业转型升级的影响研究

体育制造业转型升级对促进中国体育产业高质量发展具有重要意义.从演化博弈视角出发,基于有限理性假设,构建了地方政府、体育制造业企业双方博弈模型,在阐释系统均衡点稳定条件的基础上,运用Matlab软件进行仿真模拟,明晰相关模型参数对二者策略行为的影响.研究表明：地方政府与体育制造业企业在不同条件下的最终演化稳定策略不同,相关模型参数决定了二者最终稳定策略的选择;其次地方政府的激励成本与初始激励意愿对其策略选择具有显著影响;最后体育制造业企业转型升级成本、维持现状所缴纳罚金、所获政府补助、企业所得税率以及初始转型升级意愿对其策略选择具有重要影响.     

技术引进中的专利策略浅探

伴随着日益激烈的市场竞争和知识经济时代的到来,中国的企业在技术引进中,必须学会科学运用专利制度,采取有效的专利策略,顺利实现技术引进的目的.从技术谈判前的专利检索,技术谈判中的谈判技巧,签订合同中的注意事项等方面,阐述了如何采取正确的专利策略,防范技术引进中的专利风险.     

基于古诺模型的发电厂重复竞价研究

电力市场交易过程中,发电公司之间为了获得额外利润,可能会默契地形成联盟。但是实际的报价是一个重复博弈的过程,未获得联盟信息的发电厂根据市场公布的信息会进行策略调整。本文基于古诺模型和古诺调节的学习方法,研究了在未获联盟信息情形下独立发电厂在重复博弈过程中对市场的影响。结果表明,发电厂学习的极限结果就是其获得联盟信息时的市场的博弈结果。     

网络营销中域名策略和顾客服务策略分析

网络营销产品策略中产品的品牌,包装策略与传统营销基本一致,而其顾客服务策略有其独到的特色,此外,在网络营销产品策略中还会出现“域名”这样一个传统营销中所未曾考虑的问题,由于在网络营销中域名策略、顾客服务策略有其崭新的内涵,有必要详细分析其内容,以作为对传统营销理论的补充。     

纳什均衡在船舶避让中的应用

对于不同的利益主体,博弈客观存在,如果没有考虑纳什均衡,往往会得到一个并非利益最大化的结果;如果从利己目的出发,往往损人不利己。纳什均衡就是在非合作博弈中所有参与人的最优策略组合。本文介绍两个案例,并用纳什均衡分析其中原因,提出纳什均衡在船舶避让中应用的具体措施。     

基于博弈链的舰炮保障资源配置决策方法

舰炮保障资源配置是一个涉及多主体、多阶段的动态决策过程。针对保障资源配置工作的阶段性与复杂性,提出一种基于博弈链的舰炮保障资源配置策略,从动态与形式化的角度对保障资源的配置过程进行分析与决策。首先对舰炮保障资源配置涉及的主体与因素进行分析,明确每个配置决策阶段对应的决策点与决策内容,在此基础上建立舰炮保障资源配置的博弈链模型。最后,依据模型中各博弈阶段之间的关联与演化特征,结合多阶段的动态规划方法,给出所建博弈链模型的求解算法,得出资源配置的最优策略与总效用,从而为实现舰炮保障资源的优化配置提供有效的理论支撑与实践依据。     

基于信息共享的团购企业合作策略

随着电子商务市场竞争的加剧,部分团购企业选择了相互合作的方式度过经济危机.基于信息共享和演化博弈理论,构建团购企业A、B与C之间的博弈模型,并通过成本与收益机制的对比,分析不同因素对企业信息共享策略的影响:当双方共享信息时,合作的概率与总额外收益及总额外成本负相关,此时存在一个最优的总额外成本分担比例和总额外收益分配比例;当只有一方愿意分享信息时,双方合作的概率与额外收益正相关,与额外成本负相关.     

基于鹰鸽博弈的作战单元自主协调机制研究

针对自主协调过程中的合作与竞争的问题,运用鹰鸽博弈理论,对作战联盟中作战单元之间的自主协调机制进行了研究,旨在设计出一种能够最大化联盟整体效用的演化稳定策略（ESS）。通过分析鹰派与鸽派作战单元博弈的演化过程,得到了单纯的鹰策略和鸽策略都不是ESS的结论,在此基础上,提出了一种尊重物权的自由民策略,运用数学分析的方法,计算了联盟的整体效用,证明了自由民策略是演化稳定策略,并且能够使得作战联盟整体效用最大化。     

管制下的船舶制造业多主体智能博弈仿真研究

国家对船舶制造业进行管制制度安排后,各利益相关者作为博弈主体会相应做出各自的行动策略。传统博弈理论一般是对博弈双方建立博弈矩阵进行分析,但是船舶制造业的活动主体可以简化为新进入者、已进入者、管制者和船东四个主体,对于多主体进行博弈分析时,无法实现数学建模解析。本文采取Multi-Agent System建模,使用NetLogo软件进行编程研究不同参数下博弈各方的敏感度,从而找出动态智能博弈均衡点的关键指标和条件。     

船舶主尺度方案的博弈优选

优化选择的船舶主尺度方案需要具有较好的经济性、技术性能,而博弈论是研究解决、优化决策选择的科学,根据船舶主尺度方案优选问题与经济学中博弈问题之间的相似性,从博弈的观点确定了船舶设计中的博弈方及其对应的策略空间,即各设计目标视为博弈问题博弈方;设计变量集合视为所有博弈方的战略集组合,从而提出了船舶主尺度方案优选设计问题的博弈方法。通过实例应用表明,合作博弈论方法能更好地综合反映设计目标的要求,优选结果更加合理。     

基于微分对策的舰艇编队火力分配模型及求解

火力分配问题一直是军事理论工作者和参战双方指挥员关心得最多的重要问题之一.针对舰艇编队信息战的特殊性,利用兰彻斯特战斗方程和微分对策理论建立了相应的火力分配优化模型,研究了相应的求解途径,并给出了其最优策略和战术解释.研究结果可为舰艇作战指挥决策提供理论参考.     

Game-based learning for maritime education and training: the case of Trader of the World

For educational and/or training purposes, games are often described as multimodal texts, where signs, gestures, images, habits, behaviors, sounds, etc. have different meanings according to the way and the context they are represented. During their execution, a large variety of strategies can be employed; images, words, sounds, music, movement, and even bodily sensations can provide the necessary factors. More importantly, when games are integrated in an educational (or training) activity, it is essential to record solid evidence that the targeted learning outcome is achieved. Game-based learning (GBL) for seafarers is a multifactor domain combining educational psychology, learning theories, instructional design, computer game technology, and last but not least, research in the maritime field. In order to create the appropriate framework, there is a need to combine three different scientific areas (education design, computer science, and maritime education and training (MET)) towards the proper game design. In these types of games, the design process includes an extremely important task: embedding suitable educational approaches and instructional techniques for specific learning outcomes and student profiles into the scenario, so that the game will be played without losing the fun and attractive part of it. In the current analysis, a framework for GBL that is applicable for 200 maritime professionals is presented; the specific application is related to navigational safety training, and the respective framework is a 3D real-time strategy game called “Trader of the World” (TotW-alpha version). The game is designed for already competent adult seafarers as well as undergraduate students of maritime academies/institutions and it is applied in nonformal educational settings. A demonstration of this game has already taken place at the undergraduate level; results, evaluations, and opinions provided by the participants were used as the basis for discussion.     

供应商信誉的建立和提升策略研究

从供应商利益出发,运用博弈理论分析了供应商和制造商在合作各阶段的不同对策,得出了惩罚和信任两类策略的适用情况,制造商的惩罚能够督促供应商在合作初期建立信誉,制造商的信任有利于供应商在合作过程中维护和提升信誉。     

The coopetition game in international liner shipping

In maritime freight transportation, carriers build collaborative relationships with other carriers while competing with each other to optimize their own profits. In such a scenario, a game of coopetition is formed. We formulate a nonlinear mixed-integer problem to determine the optimal levels of coopetition for a single company and embed the resulting problem into a general game theoretic framework. A diagonalization algorithm that incorporates an ascent direction search technique is developed to effectively evaluate the game. The numerical results show that carriers choose similar coopetition levels to maximize their profits, and the coopetition game can reach equilibrium under general conditions.     

舰艇编队防空火力分配多准则微分对策模型研究

火力分配是舰艇编队防空作战指挥决策的关键环节。随着现代高技术在军事领域的应用,对防空作战指挥的实时性和高效性提出了更高的要求。为保证编队指挥员及时作出科学的决策,必须建立贴近现代战争实际的火力分配模型。文章针对舰艇编队防空作战的特点,利用微分对策理论,建立了多种优化准则下的火力分配模型,构建了相应模型的逐点拉格郎日函数求解方法,并设计了模型的迭代求解过程。     

基于博弈理论的大型装备制造业产业集群企业入群模型与分析——以船舶产业集群为例

产业集群的形成和成长是集群外企业不断入群的过程,企业入群的行为是一种博弈决策.文中基于产业集群理论、博弈理论、期望理论和效用理论的基本原理,以效用期望收益率为依据,构建出企业入群的两类博弈模型:纵向产业链间企业入群和横向同类企业间入群的博弈模型.应用博弈论等理论,对两类博弈模型进行了分析,推导出各自博弈模型下企业入群的条件.     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

A conceptual application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliances

Since its advent, the liner shipping industry has been characterized by fierce competition and cooperation amongst the member carriers. In recent years, almost all the liners have sought extensive cooperation with others, as reflected mainly by the formation of strategic shipping alliances. Despite this, there are still some liners who prefer the 'go-it-alone' policy and have achieved relative success. It seems that cooperation is not always necessary for a liner company's success. It follows that a study that aims to find the rationale behind liner cooperation (or non-cooperation) is of great significance. Over many years of development, game theory has proved to be a useful tool in the study of economics. It is analytically applicable in this market. With these arguments in mind, this paper aims to apply cooperative game theory to analyse co-operation among members of liner shipping strategic alliances. This will involve: (i) presenting a detailed and systematic analysis of liner shipping strategic alliances: (ii) a concise overview of the development of game theory with specific focus on cooperative game theory, and (iii) deducing a conceptual framework through the application of cooperative game theory to liner shipping strategic alliances. The accomplishment of the aforementioned objectives will enhance understanding of inter-organizational relationships and decision-making behaviour in the liner shipping sector.