兔眼葡萄膜巩膜引流术后FITC-Dextran在眼组织中的分布

目的观察兔眼葡萄膜巩膜引流术后房水流出道的形态学改变。方法 20只中国白兔随机分为2组,一组行葡萄膜巩膜引流术,另一组行小梁切除术,均行右眼手术。术后2周术眼前房内灌注异硫氰酸荧光素标记的葡聚糖(FITC-Dextran),处死后取完整眼球做冰冻切片,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察荧光素的分布。与手术部位处在眼环同一子午线上的同眼的对称部位未手术眼组织作为对照。结果在葡萄膜巩膜引流术组,荧光素的分布在前、中部巩膜最强,前葡萄膜次之;而在小梁切除术组,荧光素的分布在前葡萄膜最强,前、中部巩膜次之,两组的后葡萄膜和后巩膜均有部分中等亮度的显影,对照组的后葡萄膜和后巩膜则几乎无显影,且两组的前、中部巩膜荧光素强度均明显高于对照组。结论葡萄膜巩膜引流术和小梁切除术术后房水引流均是多途径的,既有外滤过,还增强了葡萄膜巩膜引流。与小梁切除术相比,葡萄膜巩膜引流术还明显增加了跨巩膜引流。     

莫索尼定点眼对家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流量的影响

目的　测定莫索尼定 (Moxonidine ,MOX)局部应用后对家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径 (Uveoscle raloutflow ,Fu)房水流出量的影响 ,探讨MOX局部应用的房水动力学机制。方法　正常家兔2 0只 ,随机分为 2组 ,分别采用生理盐水及莫索尼定点眼 ,点眼前及点眼后 3 0min ,测量双眼眼压。点眼后 1 .5h用 0 .1mmol/L异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白 (Fluorescein isothiocyanatebovinealbumi,FITC BSA)行前房灌注 ,测定Fu各组织的荧光强度 ,采用改良Suguro法计算各组Fu房水再现量。结果　MOX单侧点眼后 ,点眼侧兔眼Fu房水再现量为 (7.2 1± 0 .988)×1 0 - 1 μL·3 0min- 1 ,对侧眼Fu房水再现量为 (7.5 3± 0 .2 1 4)× 1 0 - 1 μL·3 0min- 1 ,与对照组相比具有显著性差异。结论　局部点用MOX可通过增加后路房水流量降低眼压     

FITC-BSA示踪法测定兔眼葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量

用异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白（Fluorescein－isothiocvanatebovineserumalbumin，FITC－BSA）示踪法测定兔眼葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量。造健康白色家兔6只12眼，测量双眼眼压。用0．1mmol／LFITC－BSA持续前房灌注30min，灌注毕处死家兔，摘除双眼球，并将组织分离为前葡萄膜、后葡萄膜、前巩膜、后巩膜、视网膜和残余液体等6种组织。测定每种组织的荧光强度，计算每眼葡萄膜巩膜房水流出量（uveoscleraloutflow，Fu）为（0．178±0．029）μl／min。证明FITC－BSA示踪法是一种测定葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量的有效方法。     

匹罗卡品家兔点眼对葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出量的影响

为探讨匹罗卡品家兔点眼对葡萄膜巩膜途径房水流出色的影响，用1％匹罗卡品（Pilocarpine，PC）对家免单侧点眼。并用0.1mmol／L异硫氰酸荧光素牛血清白蛋白（Fluoreceinisothlocyanate－bovineserumalbumin，FITC－BSA）持续前房灌注30min。测定前、后葡萄膜等6种组织的FITC－BSA含量，计算每眼的葡萄膜巩膜层水流出量（Uveosderdoutflow，Fu）。分别比较点眼前后眼压和点眼后双眼的Fu。结果示：PC点眼后1h处理眼眼压为（0．70±0．08）kPa，下降率为25％（P＜0．01），对照眼眼压无显著变化（P＞0．05）；点眼后2h处理眼Fu值为（0．123±0．026）μl／min，对照眼Fu值为0．177±0．032）μl／min，双眼比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。说明1％PC单侧点眼可降低正常家兔眼压，PC可阻断家兔葡萄膜巩膜途径房水外流，兔眼的眼压下降主要为前路排出增加所致。     

前列腺素F2α和E2降低眼压及与房水cAMP含量变化关系的初探

目的 探讨小剂量前列腺素F２α和E２（PGF２α、PGE２)对正常兔眼压的作用及与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的房水动力学介导作用的相关性。方法 采用随机盲法对照研究,30只兔60只眼随机分成三组,每组分别点用PGF２α10μg或PGE２ １０μg或等量生理盐水。每组选10眼,用药后不同时间测量眼压。另外10眼滴药后2h抽取房水检测cAMP含量变化。结果 PGF２α治疗组用药后0..5h、PGE２组用药后1h眼压开始下降,持续至用药后5h,其中2h时眼压下降幅度最大,平均分别为0..50kPa和0..45kPa。用药2h后PGE２组房水中cAMP含量由用药前(17..50±3..80)pmol/ml增高至(37..21±4.34)pmol/ml,而PGF２α组房水cAMP含量变化不明显。结论 小剂量PGF２α及PGE２可以降低正常兔眼内压。PGE２降眼压机理与房水中第二信使cAMP的动力学介导作用相关,而PGF２α可能另有一套不同的第二信使系统。     

Experimental study on cyclosporine A drug delivery system in prevention of posterior capsule opacification after intraocular lens implantation in rabbits

Objective To study the effect of cyclosporine A drug delivery system (CsA-DDS) on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after experimental intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes. Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits, whose left eyes and right eyes were used respectively as experiment eyes and controls, were subjected to extracapsular lens extraction and artificial lens implantation. During the operation, CsA-DDS with poly (lactideco-glycolide) as carriers or empty DDS was implanted in the capsular bag for the experimental eyes and controls respectively. After the operation, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure (IOP) and CsA concentration were monitored and twelve weeks after the operation, the eyes were extracted for histopathological and morphological examinations. Results There were no differences between the two groups in conjunctival congestion,IOP change and anterior chamber reaction. PCO was less severe in the experimental eyes than in the controls. Light microscopy revealed that posterior capsular membrane in the experimental eyes was slick, with no obvious proliferation,whereas in the controls, there were lens epithelial cell proliferation and cortex regeneration of different degrees.Morphological examination with electron microscope showed that in the experimental eyes, lens epithelial cells did not function actively and apoptosis occurred, whereas in the controls, epithelial cells presented active function. No marked ultrastructural changes were found in either group. Conclusion Cs-DDS can inhibit PCO after intraocular lens implantation in rabbit eyes and does not have toxic effects on the surrounding ocular tissues. Therefore, it has a good potential for clinical use in prevention of PCO.     

兔眼硅胶膜植入滤过术的实验研究

目的 建立兔眼硅胶膜植入引流术模型,通过眼压、滤过泡及光镜下形态学的观察,探讨硅胶膜植入引流术的可行性、安全性。方法 将40只家兔随机分为4组,每组10只。每只家兔随机选择一眼植入硅胶膜,对侧眼行滤过术作为对照,术后观察眼压和滤过泡,并行病理组织学检查。结果 硅胶膜植入眼眼压下降维持时间和滤过泡的持续时间均长于对照眼。光镜显示硅胶膜植入眼可见开放的滤过道和咬切口。植入眼与对照眼的成纤维细胞增殖活性及规律相似。结论 硅胶膜引流术是一种安全、有效、操作简单的引流性手术。     

EFFECT OF FUNDUS PIGMENT ON RESPONSE OF RABBIT RETINA TO TRANSPUPILLARY THERMOTHERAPY

Objective To study the effect of fundus pigment on the response of the retina to transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods The retina were irradiated with 810 nm diode laser in 16 eyes of 8 pigmented rabbits and 12 eyes of 6 albino rabbits. The spot size was 1.2 mm; the duration was 60 s; and powers were 50, 80, 150 and 300 mW for pigmented rabbits and 800, 1 200 and 1 500mW for albino rabbits. All of the eyes were followed up with ophthalmolscope. The fundus was photographed and examined histologically with optic microscope immediately and 1 month after TTT respectively. Results The changes of the fundus and the histological examination were not significant immediately and 1 month after TTT in 50 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 800 mW of albino rabbit. Grey spot on the retina was observed on the fundus in 80 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 1 200 mW of albino rabbit immediately after TTT. The structure of the retina remained intact and subretinal fluid was observed histologically. Grey spot was still visible on the fundus, though the fluid was absorbed after 1 month. As the power of diode laser was increased to 150 mW for pigmented rabbits and 1500 mW for albino rabbit, fundus white spots were observed and the outer retina was destroyed while photoreceptors existed immediately after TTT. Pigmentation was found in white lesions and the fibrous proliferation was found in choroid 1 month after TTT. Prominent white spot was seen on the fundus immediately after laser irradiation of 300 mW in pigmented rabbits and the structure of the retina was obscured. One month after TTT, dense pigmentation appeared at laser lesions. The retina was thinner. There was prominent fibrous proliferation in the choroid. Conclusion The fundus pigment seems to play an important role in the response of the retina to TTT. The reaction of the retina is in proportion to the intensity of laser.     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

大鼠角膜移植排斥反应中体液免疫作用的研究

测定30例PVG-PVG和40例LEW-PWG角膜移植术前、术后血清、房水和泪液Ig和C3含量。结果表明，泪液和房水IgG含量异常升高与角膜移植排斥反应显著相关。初步建立了大鼠角膜移植术后无排斥反应发生时泪液IgG含量变化的定量关系，提出预测角膜移植术后排斥反应发生的一种辅助方法。     

Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

A HISTOPATHOLOGIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF RABBIT CORNEA AFTER EXCIMER LASER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY

In excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK), the central part of the Bowman's mem-brane and superficial stroma is ablated after re-moval of the corneal epithelium. Clinical studiesshowed that the results of PRK for myopia of up to--6 diopters are satisfactory[' 'J. However, deeperresearch is needed, especially the healing processfollowing PRK,which is different from the woundhealing mechanism after conventional occularsurgery['.'J. Corneal haze and myopic regression arethe 2 main co…     

外源性p27Kip1对兔眼滤过术后结膜瘢痕的抑制作用

目的观察外源性p27Kip1作用于兔眼滤过术后的效果,研究其对术后结膜瘢痕形成的抑制作用。方法根据GenBank人p27基因序列设计引物,制备腺病毒介导Ad-p27并验证其正确性。兔眼滤过术中结膜下注射Ad-p27、丝裂霉素C(MMC)和PBS,术后28d内测定眼压、观察眼前节的动态变化及并发症,依照Krofeld评分法进行滤过泡评分。结果 Ad-p27作用后28d内维持低眼压的状态,术后3d眼压下降达峰值7.68mmHg。Ad-p27降眼压程度与MMC相似,与PBS比较术后7d(P<0.05)、14d(P<0.01)、21d(P<0.01)和28d(P<0.05)眼压存在显著性差异。Ad-p27作用后14d内滤过泡弥漫性隆起,28d有囊性泡形成。Ad-p27组与PBS组比较,滤过泡评分在7d(P<0.01)、14d(P<0.01)和21d(P<0.05)有显著性差异。Ad-p27组术后21d前房恢复正常,而PBS组术后14d恢复正常。Ad-p27作用偶有前房渗出、前房出血等并发症。结论 Ad-p27通过抑制手术区瘢痕形成保持滤过道通畅,降低眼压。     

Reducing intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts harvested by a no-touch harvesting technique

Objective To investigate the effect of no-tonch harvesting technique in reducing vein graft intimal hyperplasin. A4othods This longitudinal trial compared graft ungiestenosis of two groups undergoing jugular vein to carotid artery interposition grafting in rabbit model. Conventional group: 12 rabbits had their veins stripped, distended, and stored in heparinized saline solution. No-touch group: 12 rabbits had veins removed with surrounding tissues, but were not distended, and stored in heparinized blood. The grafts were removed 4 weeks following grafting, and morphometry and immunohistochemistry assessment were performed. Results The intimal thickness, degree of anginstennsis and proliferation index of vascular smooth muscle cells of no-touch group were significantly reduced (P< 0.01) compared with those of the conventional group. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen pnsitive-staining cells were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the conventional group compared with whose in the no-touch group. Conclusion Harvesting the vein graft with no-touch harvesting technique could significantly reduce intimul hyperpinsin of the vein graft.     

EDFS40对深低温保存兔颈总动脉结构和舒缩功能的影响

目的 评价玻璃化溶液EDFS40对深低温保存兔颈总动脉形态结构和舒缩功能的影响.方法 无菌条件下取兔颈总动脉,分别以EDFS40和1.5 mol/L二甲亚砜为低温保护剂,经玻璃化法和慢速冷冻法深低温保存14 d.复温后和新鲜动脉进行大体和显微形态的观察,器官浴槽内进行非内皮依赖性舒缩功能的测定.结果 EDFS40组动脉的大体、组织学及超微结构与新鲜动脉相似,对氯化钾的收缩力和慢速冷冻组动脉无明显差别(P>0.05),对去甲肾上腺素和硝普钠的收缩或舒张张力优于后者(P<0.05),但均低于新鲜动脉(P<0.05).结论 EDFS40能较好保持兔颈总动脉的形态结构及功能,可用于血管的玻璃化保存.     

PRK术后家兔角膜透射电镜、扫描电镜的实验研究

应用 SVS APEX PLUS型准分子激光治疗系统对 6只家兔双眼进行 PRK术 ,设定右眼- 4.0 0 D,左眼 - 8.0 0 D。分别于术后 3天、30天、1 0 0天两组随机选取 1只家兔 ,使其猝死摘除双眼球 ,取其角膜。每只角膜分为两半 ,一半角膜电镜下观察其超微结构 (1 /4行 SEM,1 /4行TEM)。透射电镜观察手术后 1 0 0天 ,角膜上皮细胞基本恢复正常。扫描电镜观察则上皮细胞界限分明 ,上皮明亮细胞较多 ,但微绒毛、微皱褶相对减少。提示 PRK术后 1 0 0天角膜组织结构基本正常 ,但仍有组织薄弱处和特殊性改变。其角膜上皮微绒毛、微皱褶相对减少 ,可能是临床上PRK术后部分患者近期角膜干燥的原因之一     

Apoptosis of motor neurons in the spinal cord after ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia in rabbits

Objective To clarify the pathologic change of the motor neuron on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury delayed paraplegia. Methods The infrarenal aorta of White New Zealand rabbits （n=24） was occluded for 26 minutes using two bulldog clamps. Rabbits were killed after 8, 24, 72, or 168 hours （n=6 per group）, respectively. The clamps was placed but never clamped in sham-operated rabbits （n=24）. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord （L5 to L7） was used for morphological studies, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins in spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic neurons in spinal cord were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling of DNA fragments （TUNEL） staining. Results Delayed paraplegia occurred in all rabbits of ischemia reperfusion group at 16-24 hours, but not in sham groups. Motor neurons were selectively lost at 7 days after transient ischemia. After ischemia, the positive expression of bcl-2 protein were in the sham controls but decreased significantly as compared with that of the IR group （P〈0.01）, especially in 72 hours reperfusion. The positive expression of bax protein were also in the sham controls, but increased in the IR group, especially in 72 hours reperfusion; In addition, TUNEL study demonstrated that no cells were positively labeled until 24 hours after ischemia, but nuclei of some motor neurons were positively labeled at peak after ischemia reperfusion at 72 hours. Oenclusion Spinal cord ischemia in rabbits induces morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that apoptosis contributes to neuronal cell death after spinal cord ischemia reperfnsion.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

ANTIVIRAL TESTS OF METHYLENE BLUE INJECTION ON VZV IN VITRO

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兔组织内吗啡的免疫组织化学研究

为建立一个从病理组织诊断吗啡中毒的方法，研究吗啡在体内的分布，应用盐酸吗啡针剂对家兔进行慢性染毒，采用免疫荧光技术，原位观察吗啡在染毒家兔肝、脾、肾及脑组织中的分布及各脏器中吗啡含量的差异，同时采用 HPLC检测同一取材组织中的吗啡含量。通过对比分析这两项指标，认为吗啡免疫荧光组织化学技术可以作为一个简便、快速、较特异地鉴定吗啡类中毒的方法。