三门湾海域悬沙输运特征及其影响机制*

基于2013年洪枯季三门湾海域12个测站潮流和含沙量同步观测资料,运用机制分解法研究三门湾枯季和洪季悬沙输移变化特征,探讨不同水动力因子的贡献率。结果表明：1）无论是洪季还是枯季,三门湾的欧拉余流和斯托克斯余流从小潮至大潮逐渐增大。欧拉余流方向基本向海,斯托克斯余流绝大部分向陆。单宽输水量的大小和方向主要由欧拉余流决定。2）枯季时三门湾海域“平流输沙（T1+T2）”对单宽输沙量绝对值的贡献率最大,其中T1项最大贡献率可达83%;“潮泵输沙项（T3+T4+T5）”的贡献率在湾中区域最大。洪季时,三门湾的平流输沙项的贡献率降低,而潮泵输沙项贡献率增大。3）无论是洪季和枯季时,三门湾泥沙净输运个别站位（SM08和SM11）输沙方向相反,其他站位的规律基本一致。     

粤西(茂名站)水文气象要素观测分析Ⅱ

本文使用波浪浮标和海流计等仪器,对茂名站及其附近海域的水文气象要素进行了观测分析。通过对观测资料的分析发现,平均落潮流方向为80o,自表层到底层余流值递减,余流方向均为偏西向,秋季余流大于春季余流。波浪主要是以风浪和涌浪为主的混合浪,常浪向为SSE向,次常浪向为ESE向;全年平均有效波高为0.84m,各月平均有效波高差异较小。观测期间共观测到两例台风影响本站,茂名是受台风影响较大的地区之一。     

南黄海辐射沙脊群海域三维水动力数值模拟

基于无规则网格的有限体积海岸海洋模型(FVCOM),建立适用于辐射沙脊群海域的三维潮流数学模型。为了更好地贴合不规则海岸边界,平面采用三角形网格剖分,垂向采用σ坐标进行模拟。结果表明,模型的计算值与观测值吻合良好,较好地反映了研究海域流场的时空分布特征。整个海域流场由南、北两股潮流向弶港辐聚辐散,各深槽流速较大而集中,流向与深槽走向十分一致;弶港以北,表、底层余流方向都是从南到北的沿岸流,南部海域的近岸余流有逆时针的旋转流,近深槽余流大都指向深槽。     

西沙岛礁泻湖潮流特征分析

基于两年实测数据,本文对西沙海域某泻湖的内潮和分层流进行了分析.结果表明,该海域主要分潮为K1、O1和M2分潮.对于分层流,SSA分潮的影响应值得注意.对余潮和余流的分析表明余潮和余流主要分布在低频区,且该时间段内台风和冷空气的影响没有引起明显的水位变化.潮流向玫瑰图表明潮流方向受地形影响,以沿岸反复流为主;而余流则以...     

六横岛液化天然气（LNG）码头前沿潮流特征分析

采用潮流调和分析方法对 2020年8月6日到2020年8月21日六横岛拟建LNG码头海域3个连续站的表、中、底海流数据进行调和分析,得到3个站点的O1、K1、M2、S2、M4、MS4 共6个分潮的调和常数,并绘制了各层各分潮的潮流椭圆。结果表明：1）观测海域表层涨潮平均流速在33~58 cm/s,落潮平均流速在27~48 cm/s,流速方向大致集中在WNW~ESE向。2）该海域潮流为往复流,潮流性质以正规半日潮为主,且M2分潮占绝对优势。3）观测期间表层余流流速在8~17 cm/s,中层余流流速在8~21 cm/s,底层余流流速在7~20 cm/s,方向为WNW向。4）最大可能流速出现在落潮期间,表层可以达到149 cm/s、中层可达120 cm/s、底层可达93 cm/s。     

秦皇岛港海域余流输沙对锚地淤积影响的分析与计算

以实测资料为依据,应用海流理论,对秦皇岛港海域的余流及余流输沙进行分析,最后得出在1~#、2~#抛泥地抛泥对锚地均无影响的结论。     

连云港近岸海域潮流动力特征

根据连云港近岸海域夏冬季多站同步连续实测潮流资料,分析了不同季节、不同潮周期潮流变化特征,并对实测潮流进行了准调和分析,进一步计算潮流椭圆要素,据此分析了潮流性质、潮流运动形式、最大流速和流向。结果表明:该海区涨落潮流速、历时具有一定的差异,潮流性质属于规则半日浅海潮流,近岸表现为往复流运动,随水深增加,旋转流明显,以逆时针方向为主,最大流速流向随季节不同差异明显。     

福建围头湾悬沙输移机制分析

根据福建围头湾大潮期间潮汐、潮流、悬沙实测资料,分析水流输运,同时利用机制分解法,将悬沙净输移通量分解为平流项、潮泵效应项和垂向净环流输移项,对悬沙输移的动力机制进行分析讨论。结果表明:金门岛东侧余流,部分流向湾口,部分流向安海湾。金门岛与大嶝岛之间的余流,沿涨潮流向湾内,悬沙净输移方向和余流方向保持一致;平流输沙对悬沙净输移起主导作用;水域潮泵输沙贡献较大;垂向净环流输沙影响较小。     

马迹山海域风和波浪特征分析

针对马迹山海域风和波浪特征,利用连续一整年的风和波浪资料进行数学统计相关分析,得到马迹山海域风和波浪要素分布特征。结果表明,马迹山海域波浪类型为以风浪为主的混合浪;观测期间最大波高为4.59 m,平均波高在0.20～0.42 m;最大波周期为9.50 s,平均波周期在2.66～3.01 s;马迹山海域全年常风向为NNW向,春、夏季常风向分别为S、SSW向,秋、冬季常风向均为NNW向,马迹山海域全年强风向为NNW向;春、夏季波高与风速的相关性一般,秋、冬季两者的线性关系明显。     

温州飞鳌浅滩海域水沙环境与海床冲淤变化

以2013年7月研究海域实测水文泥沙资料和多期(1964年、1986年和2011年)水深资料为基础,对飞鳌浅滩海域水沙环境、地形冲淤变化进行了分析。结果表明,温州飞鳌浅滩海域潮汐为正规半日潮,属强潮海域,最大潮差可达7. 0 m以上;潮流以往复流为主,流速在0. 3～0. 5 m/s之间,余流方向受季节性影响较大,夏季表现为东北或北向;近岸浅海区大潮和小潮平均含沙量在0. 2 kg/m3和0. 08kg/m3左右;海床表层沉积物以粉砂质粘土和粘土质粉砂为主,属于典型的淤泥质海岸。本海区的海岸线形态与变化主要受人类开发活动的控制,随着潮滩围垦及港口建设,海岸线将长期保持向海推进的趋势;自上世纪60年代以来,该海域岸滩总体是保持动态的相对稳定状态,年冲淤速率在2 cm/a左右。近年来,由于整个海区的陆源泥沙大幅减少和大规模围垦潮滩使得近岸浅滩泥沙供给减少和泥沙活动减弱等关系,该海域海床冲淤趋势渐缓,在未来若干年工程海域岸滩总体仍会处于基本稳定状态。     

Residual circulation in the Ría de Muros (NW Spain): A 3D numerical model study

The residual circulation of the Ría de Muros, a large coastal embayment in NW Spain, are studied using a three-dimensional baroclinic finite-difference model. The driving forces considered by the model include the tide, winds, river inflows and density forcing at the open boundary. In situ data of current velocity and direction, water level, wind velocity and direction, river discharge, and temperature and salinity are used for model validation. Simulated and observed time series of water level and current velocity are in good agreement. Once validated, the model is applied to compute the residual circulation induced by the relevant agents of the ría hydrodynamics—the tide, an upwelling-favourable wind characteristic of spring and summer, a downwelling-favourable wind typical of winter, and freshwater inflows associated with high river runoff. The resulting residual circulation differ notably. The tide does not generate significant residual flows except in the inner ría. By contrast, winds and river discharges induce important residual flows throughout; in the middle and outer ría they generate a 3D residual circulation pattern which renders the conventional two-layer scheme of estuarine circulation too simplistic in this case. Thus, this first application of a 3D numerical model to the Ría de Muros sheds new light on its fundamental hydrodynamics.     

An analysis of the characteristics of chlorophyll in the Sulu Sea

The seasonal and spatial variations of chlorophyll concentrations, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), wind fields and wind-induced Ekman pumping in the Sulu Sea are investigated using a set of new remote sensing measurements from October 1997 to December 2004. The results show the seasonality of chlorophyll, wind fields and SST and reveal the phytoplankton blooming events in the Sulu Sea basin during the northeast monsoon season. In summer, chlorophyll concentrations were relatively low (< 0.2 mg/m³) and distributed uniformly throughout the basin with a narrow belt of high chlorophyll concentrations along the coastal waters, particularly the coasts of Borneo and of the Sulu Archipelago. In winter, chlorophyll concentrations increased (> 0.2 mg/m³) throughout the entire basin, and phytoplankton bloomed southward to the central basin, while chlorophyll concentrations reached high levels (1 mg/m³) in the center of the blooms. One peak was observed during the northeast monsoon season each year. SSTs have significant negative correlations with chlorophyll concentrations; i.e., high and uniformly distributed in summer but lower with an obvious tongue of cold waters southward to the central basin in winter. The seasonal variation of chlorophyll concentrations and SST distribution were associated with the seasonally reversing monsoon. The winter phytoplankton blooming and the tongue of the cold waters were correlated to the vertical upwelling cold and nutrient-rich waters drawn by the northeast wind, with the center of the blooms and the location of cold tongues coinciding with the maximum of the wind speeds and the Ekman pumping velocities.     

甬江及口外海域潮流泥沙数值模拟

建立了甬江河道及口外海域平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型,对2015年6月半个月的潮流场和悬沙场进行模拟,模拟结果与实测资料吻合良好。计算得到了研究区域洪季的余流场和输沙格局,结果表明:甬江口外余流整体由西北指向东南,河道余流指向下游;除口门局部水域,甬江口外输沙格局基本与余流场一致,悬沙经涨潮流的作用被带入甬江河道,致使河道内近口门处的输沙格局由口门向内;甬江口局部区域输沙格局与余流场存在差异的原因是悬沙输移与潮流运动存在时间上的滞后。     

斯里兰卡科伦坡临近海域波浪数值模拟

通过分析斯里兰卡科伦坡港口所处地理位置及气象波浪资料,了解工程海域主要受到季风气候的控制,冬季盛行东北季风,夏季西南季风,热带气旋在经过或影响到斯里兰卡岛时强度较低,风速不是很大,对该区域没有灾害性的影响。文章利用中尺度大气模式MM5模拟历史天气状态,再现1991~2010年20 a的影响工程海域的风场过程。根据得到的风场过程,利用海浪模式SWAN计算科伦坡南港附近海域30 m等深线处各向的波浪要素,并利用卫星观测数据进行结果验证。利用优化后的模型计算了1991~2010年计算方向的波高年极值,P-Ш曲线适线法计算得到不同重现期的外海波要素。     

Circulation features in the Japan/East Sea related to statistically obtained wind patterns in the warm season

A response of the circulation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) to different kinds of wind forcing is studied, with the emphasis on the warm season, using a primitive equation oceanic model. Wind forcing is based on typical patterns obtained from complex empirical orthogonal functions of 1°-gridded NCEP/NCAR 6 h winds for 1998–2005. These patterns are distinguished by a prevailing wind direction. Northwestern wind and strong cyclonic (C) curl prevail in winter, while a variety of patterns occur in the warm season, differing in the wind direction and curl. Three model runs are performed to examine the circulation in response to a prevailing C wind stress curl or an alternating C and anticyclonic (AC) curl or a strong C curl in the warm season. The simulated features are consistent with the observational evidence, in particular with thermal fronts and frequent eddy locations derived from multi-year infrared satellite imagery. The simulated C circulation intensifies and the subarctic region extends southward with the strengthening of a summer C wind stress curl over the JES. Variability of Subarctic Front (SF) in the western JES (between 130°E and 133°E) is strongly affected by summer wind stress curl. Forcing by an AC curl tends to shift SF northward, while SF shifts to the south under the forcing by a C curl, reaching the southern Ulleung Basin in the case of the strong C curl. In the northwestern JES (off Peter the Great Bay, Russia, and North Korea), the SF northwestern branch (NWSF) is simulated. It is a known feature in autumn and early winter and can also occur in the warm season. The simulation results suggest an AC wind stress curl as the forcing of the formation of the NWSF in the warm season. The Siberia Seamount and sharply bending coastline near Peter the Great Bay facilitate partial separation of the Primorye (Liman) Current from the coast. The wind stress curl can be an additional forcing of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) branching off the Korea Strait to the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) and the offshore branch (OB). In the warm season, the simulated TWC bifurcation occurs farther north, the EKWC is strong, and the OB is weak under the forcing of the AC wind stress curl. The EKWC is weak and the OB is strong under the forcing of the strong C wind stress curl.     

青岛碱厂温排水对娄山河口附近水环境的影响预测

采用二维有限元数学模型,对青岛碱厂白泥脱硫废水排放在胶州湾水动力作用下夏季和冬季不同温升的扩散范围进行了预测,并根据不同温升的影响范围分析评估对娄山河口附近海洋生物的影响情况。预测结果表明,白泥脱硫废水温升排放,在夏季影响较冬季小,夏季时温升超一、二类水质的面积为0.30 km2,离排放口的最远距离为0.78 km,没有超三、四类水质的水域;冬季时温升超一、二类水质的面积为1.24 km2,离排放口的最远距离为1.82 km,超三、四类水质的水域面积为0.35 km2,离排放口的最远距离为0.81 km。冬季温升较高,会对生态环境产生一定的不利影响。     

A numerical model of the long term flow along the Malin-Hebrides shelf

A three dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Malin-Hebrides shelf region is used to investigate the spatial variability of the wind and tidally induced residual flow in the region and the influence of flow from the Irish Sea and along the shelf edge. By this means it is possible to understand the spatial variability in the long term observed flow fields in the region and the range of driving forces producing this flow. The model uses a sigma coordinate grid in the vertical with a finer grid in the near surface and near bed shear layers. The vertical diffusion of momentum in the model is parameterised using an eddy viscosity coefficient which is derived from turbulence energy closure models. Two different turbulence models are used to compute the eddy viscosity, namely a two-equation (itq²−q²ℓ) model which has prognostic equations for both turbulence energy and mixing length and a simpler model in which the mixing length is a specified algebraic function of the water depth.The wind induced response to spatially and temporally constant orthogonal wind stresses, namely westerly and southerly winds of 1 N m⁻², are derived from the model. By using orthogonal winds and assuming linearity, then to first order the response to any wind direction can be derived. Computed flows show a uniform wind driven surface layer of magnitude about 3% of the wind speed and direction 15 ° to the right of the wind, in deep water. Currents at depth particularly in the shelf edge and near coastal region show significant spatial variability which is related to variations in bottom topography and the coastline.Calculations show that tidal residual flows are only significant in the near coastal regions where the tidal current is strong and exhibits spatial variability. Flow into the region from the Irish Sea through the North Channel although having its greatest influence in the near coastal region, does affect currents near the shelf edge region. Again the spatial variability of the flow is influenced by topographic effects.A detailed examination of wind induced current profiles together with turbulence, mixing length and viscosity, at a number of locations in the model from deep ocean to shallow near coastal, shows that both turbulence models yield comparable results, with the mixing length in the two equation model showing a similar dependence to that specified in the simpler turbulence model.Calculations clearly show that flow along the shelf edge area to the west of Ireland and from the Irish Sea entering the region, together with local wind forcing can have a major effect upon currents along the Malin-Hebrides shelf. The flow fields show significant spatial variability in the region, comparable to those deduced from long term tracer measurements. The spatial variability found in the calculations suggests that a very intense measurement programme together with inflow measurements into the area is required to understand the circulation in the region, and provide data sets suitable for a rigorous model validation.     

长江口南汇边滩短期冲淤变化分析

南汇边滩位于长江口和杭州湾的交汇地带,受长江口和杭州湾北岸两股潮流的控制,近年来由于低潮滩促淤围垦工程导致其水流和泥沙运移、沉积和地貌发生了显著的变化。根据2006—2008年南汇边滩测图及2007年11月—2008年11月每个季度的9个断面测量资料,结合区域内的泥沙沉积特征,探讨南汇边滩对周边涉水围垦工程和流域来水来沙变异做出适应性地貌耦合过程之后的近期冲淤演变规律,着重探讨季节性冲淤特征。结果表明:年度上南汇东滩以淤长为主,南汇南滩以冲刷为主。不同季节南汇边滩冲淤变化过程存在很大差异:平面上,南汇边滩等深线夏、冬季以淤进为主,春、秋季以蚀退为主;垂向上,南汇东滩断面呈春夏秋冲淤交替、冬季淤积的态势,南汇嘴断面呈秋季冲刷、冬夏季淤积的态势,而位于南汇南滩的断面则呈秋冬季冲刷、春夏季淤积态势。南汇东滩沉积物粒径总体上较细,东滩与南滩交汇处的南汇嘴附近中值粒径相对较粗,南汇南滩浅滩沉积物颗粒中值粒径最粗。     

台山核电厂重要厂用水系统纳潮取水口潮流及泥沙研究

文章研究了台山核电厂重要厂用水系统纳潮取水工程。根据实测资料分析了自然条件和岸滩演变。分别建立了工程海区二维波浪、潮流、泥沙数学模型,并根据实测资料对夏季和冬季全潮水文进行了验证。在经验证的数学模型基础上,研究了重要厂用水系统纳潮取水工程实施后的潮流变化及泥沙回淤情况。结果表明,重要厂用水系统纳潮取水工程实施后,流场变化仅局限于安全取水工程附近小范围海域,进水前池附近水域泥沙年冲淤和骤淤都不大。因此,从潮流、泥沙角度考虑,重要厂用水系统纳潮取水工程是可行的。