Transient Response Test Procedures for Measuring Vehicle Directional Control

SUMMARY

A comparative study of four different test procedures for quantifying the transient lateral response of automobiles is presented in this paper. Both full-scale testing and analysis have been used in this study. The random steering technique appears to offer several advantages over other procedures in terms of space-requirement and the amount of transient dynamics information generated, whereas the step-steering procedure is more suited to the measurement of steady-state behavior of the automobile.     

基于曲轴瞬时加速度分析的发动机启动过程着火判定与应用

提出不同于失火判定的基于曲轴瞬时加速度分析的发动机启动过程着火判定方法，即通过两次启动过程的瞬时加速度对比寻找喷油启动过程的着火始点。理论分析和试验表明该方法不仅可以准确识别着火始点，而且识别精度也从循环级提高到角度级。试验在一台6缸电控共轨柴油机上进行。     

Assessment of diesel combustion noise overall level in transient operation

Combustion noise in passenger cars powered with direct injection (DI) diesel engines is frequently the main reason why end-users are reluctant to drive this type of vehicle. Thus, the great potential of diesel engines for environment preservation — due to their lower CO₂ emissions — could be missed. This situation worsens with the current design trends (engine downsizing) and the emerging new diesel combustion concepts (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition-HCCI, Premixed Charge Compression Ignition-PCCI, etc.), which are intrinsically noisy. This negative feature can be even more critical in transient operation due to the contribution of the temporal changes of both source and transmission path on engine noise. Therefore, combustion noise must be considered as an additional essential factor in engine development, together with performance, emissions and driveability. Thus, suitable evaluation procedures that can be integrated into the global engine development process in a timely and cost-effective manner are imperative. Regarding the evaluation procedures, most of the work available in the literature addressed combustion noise at steady operation. To surpass this limitation, two possible approaches — adapted from the classical and multiple regression methods — for the overall level assessment of combustion noise in transient conditions are evaluated in this paper.     

汽车用风机馈电输入线上的瞬态骚扰及其测试

介绍汽车用风机馈电线上所产生的瞬态骚扰测试程序和所需仪器及环境。     

装备EPS系统特锐样车操纵稳定性客观评价

对装备电动助力转向(EPS)系统的整车操纵稳定性进行评价的必要性进行了分析,介绍了装备EPS的整车操纵稳定性评价的具体内容。给出装备EPS的特锐样车原地转向轻便性、转向盘中间位置操纵稳定性、转向回正性、转向瞬态响应特性(转向盘转角脉冲输入)的试验方法和标准,对其操纵稳定性进行了评价。评价结果表明,所采用的评价方法有效、可行。     

电控汽油喷射发动机瞬态过程空燃比控制

在发动机台架上对EQ491i电控汽油喷射发动机的加、减载瞬态过程的空燃比进行了测量 ,对引起瞬态过程空燃比变化的原因进行了分析 ,并通过试验研究了相应的修正控制项对空燃比的影响。研究结果表明 ,以线性表格为基础的修正方式不能完全控制瞬态过程空燃比的偏移 ,初始阶段的空燃比偏移脉冲难以避免。     

用FAS法研究车用内燃机换气瞬态性能

本文论述了用非线性方程全近似格式的多重网格法（ＦＡＳ方法）研究车用内燃机换气瞬态性能的方法，实测了进气管总管某一截面上气体流动参数，用多重网格法对进气管内的气流运动进行了数值计算，直观地描述了车用内燃机进气管各歧管内气体流动的瞬态过程，为改善车用内燃机的性能提供了有效的研究方法。     

机动车PM2．5排放特性

为了获得典型机动车PM2．5排放特性,文章利用符合PMP规程的MEXA一1000SPCS时不同技术类型的机动车进行了PM2．5数量排放研究,并对PM2．5排放较高的两类车型（GDI和国Ⅳ柴油车）进行了冷热试验对比。试验结果表明：不同技术类型机动车PM2．5排放量级差异明显,国V柴油车〈MPI汽油车〈GDI汽油车〈国Ⅳ柴油车;GDI汽油车PM2．5排放受温度影响要大于受负荷的影响;国Ⅳ柴油车型PM2．5排放受车辆负荷的影响要大于受温度的影响;DPF技术能够有效降低PM2．5排放;无论何种车型,瞬态加速工况都会造成PM2．5排放急剧增高。     

Adaptation Strategy for Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Common Rail Pressure to Improve Transient Torque Response in Diesel Engines

Fuel injection limitation algorithms are widely used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states in diesel engines. However, the limited injection quantity leads to a decrease in the engine torque response under transient states. To overcome this issue, this study proposes an adaptation strategy for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and common rail pressure combined with a fuel injection limitation algorithm. The proposed control algorithm consists of three parts: fuel injection limitation, EGR adaptation, and rail pressure adaptation. The fuel injection quantity is limited by adjusting the exhaust burned gas rate, which is predicted based on various intake air states like air mass flow and EGR mass flow. The control algorithm for EGR and rail pressure was designed to manipulate the set-points of the EGR and rail pressure when the fuel injection limitation is activated. The EGR controller decreases the EGR gas flow rate to rapidly supply fresh air under transient states. The rail pressure controller increases the rail pressure set-point to generate a well-mixed air-fuel mixture, resulting in an enhancement in engine torque under transient states. The proposed adaptation strategy was validated through engine experiments. These experiments showed that PM emissions were reduced by up to 11.2 %, and the engine torque was enhanced by 5.4 % under transient states compared to the injection limitation strategy without adaptation.     

Simulation Study on Thermal Management Strategy to Achieve 99 % SCR Efficiency of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine over a Transient Cycle

In this study, NOx conversion characteristics of a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system equipped on a heavy-duty diesel engine were evaluated through engine dynamometer bench tests over a scheduled world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC). Also, based on transient SCR simulations, the thermal management strategy to improve SCR NOx conversion efficiency was investigated. As a result, it was found that a selective increase in exhaust temperature at low temperature period would be a useful measure to increase SCR efficiency on WHTC mode. From the baseline SCR efficiency of around 98 % on WHTC mode, the current simulation results have shown that around 99 % level of SCR efficiency would be achievable by increasing exhaust temperatures with modifying diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosage. Another valuable contribution of this study is that the design guidelines for controlling exhaust temperature and DEF injection to obtain a target NOx conversion efficiency are presented for SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel engines on transient operating conditions.     

高压共轨式电控柴油机动态仿真研究

建立了一个准稳态的发动机非线性模型,该模型主要用于研究高压共轨式电控柴油机的动态特性以及各种控制参数对发动机性能的影响。以车用YC6112ZLQ柴油机为仿真对象,在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下完成模型的建立并进行了动态过程的实时仿真,给出了典型稳态及动态过程的仿真结果。     

降雨条件下公路边坡暂态饱和区发展规律

为了分析降雨对边坡稳定性的影响,结合工程实际情况,通过拟定不同的降雨计算方案,采用饱和非饱和渗流理论对某高速公路边坡暂态饱和区的发展变化和地下水升降情况进行数值模拟,进而深入研究边坡在降雨过程中地下水位和暂态饱和区的变化规律以及暂态饱和区对边坡稳定性的影响。研究结果表明：降雨强度决定了饱和区形成的时间,而暂态饱和区扩展面积的大小则受到降雨历时和降雨强度共同影响,暂态饱和区形成和消散都具有滞后特点;降雨不会迅速引起边坡中地下水位的大幅度上升;初始地下水位的高低对暂态饱和区出现的时间和扩展范围将产生重要影响。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

内燃机瞬态热力参数采集与分析系统的开发

介绍了开发的一种新型 4路模拟量同时转换的内燃机瞬态热力参数采集与分析系统。详细阐述了该系统的结构、工作原理、特点及软件设计 ;并对实测采集结果进行了举例分析     

Numerical investigation on the dynamic characteristics of an automotive A/C hose

The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic deformation characteristics of an automotive A/C hose assembly using the finite element method and experimentation. The finite element analysis consisted of two analyses, specifically, a modal and a transient analysis. The dynamic modal analysis was conducted to assess the dynamic characteristics of the A/C hose structure, and the dynamic transient analysis was performed to investigate the dynamic stresses of an automotive A/C hose by dynamic loading with particular emphasis on the reinforced braid. Furthermore, the analyses results are expected to provide useful reference data in the design optimization of the hose layout related to the constrained design space. Modal testing was undertaken to verify the FE model. The FE result was in good agreement with the experimental results. The modal analysis result showed that the bending and swing modes of the hose occurred in the first six natural frequencies. The dynamic transient result showed that the maximum stress in the hose components occurred in the reinforced braid layers, which are particularly damage-prone.     

基于信息融合的汽油机过渡工况进气流量预测方法

在分析汽油机过渡工况下各种影响进气流量因素的基础上,提出了一种基于信息融合的进气流量预测方法。通过该方法提取了汽油机过渡工况的动态特征参数信息,建立了进气流量神经网络预测模型,并以车用汽油机加、减速工况实测数据为样本进行了仿真研究,结果表明,该方法能够准确地实时预测汽油机过渡工况的进气流量,同时能够消除空气流量传感器的滞后特性。     

Influence of the accelerating operation mechanism on the combustion noise in DI-diesel engines

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of combustion noise during the accelerating operation of multi-cylinder diesel engines using testing technology for the transient conditions of IC engines. Based on impact factors, such as the gas dynamic load and cylinder pressure oscillations, tests and analysis of the combustion noise during transient and steady-state conditions for different loads are made on four-cylinder naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, EGR-introduced engines, and high pressure common rail engines. The laws of combustion noise difference for the same engine speed and load are researched during transient and steady-state conditions. It is found that during transient conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and the high frequency oscillation amplitude of the cylinder pressure are all higher than those observed during steadystate conditions for the same engine speed and load. With their joint action, the combustion noise during transient conditions is greater than that during steady-state conditions. Turbocharging is useful in reducing the combustion noise during transient conditions. Turbocharging has a better effect on the control over the combustion noise during transient conditions with a constant engine speed and an increasing torque than in conditions with a constant torque and an increasing engine speed. One of the main reasons for different control effects on the combustion noise is that turbocharging causes different wall temperatures inside combustion chambers. The introduction of the appropriate EGR is helpful in the reduction of the combustion noise during transient conditions. The key to the control of combustion noise with EGR during transient conditions is whether a real-time adjustment to the EGR rate can be made to achieve the optimization of the EGR rates for different transient conditions. By means of analyzing the differences in the combustion noise between the transient and steady-state conditions for different pilot injection controls, we obtain a strategy for controlling the combustion noise during transient conditions with a pilot injection. Compared with the steady-state conditions, a larger pilot injection quantity and a longer interval between the main injection and pilot injection should be selected for transient conditions, and this is verified through tests.     

浅层等值反磁通瞬变电磁在煤窑采空区中的应用

铁路勘察设计中,查明煤窑采空区的分布对铁路设计以及后期运营具有重要意义。基于等值反磁通原理的瞬变电磁法是一种探测地下二次场的新方法。该方法通过将接收线圈至于反磁通平面,消除其暂态过程,接收纯净地下二次场。为此,从等值反磁通瞬变电磁法原理出发,立足于在实际铁路工程勘探中的应用,利用煤窑采空区与周围完整岩体的瞬变电磁法反演相对视电阻率的差异,在新建铁路渝昆线昭通车站的地球物理勘探中,准确探明采空区位置。通过与同测线地质资料对比,展示其良好的浅层勘探效果。     

基于SIMULINK的汽油机速度模型与仿真

根据汽油机的动力学原理,在MATLAB/SIMULINK下建立了各子系统的模型,并比较了不同的燃油动态子模型对转速的影响,仿真结果表明燃油动态对暂态转速影响显著,并验证了燃油参数使系统成为非线性的作用比节气门开度、发动机负载等的作用更大。     

Transient Dynamic Characteristics of a Non-Pneumatic Mechanical Elastic Wheel Rolling Over a Ditch

The transient dynamic characteristic of a tire, which has a significant effect on vehicle handling stability and ride comfort, is difficult to study in detail because of its highly non-linear behavior. In this study, the transient dynamic characteristics of a non-pneumatic wheel, called the mechanical elastic wheel (MEW), which was rolling over a ditch were investigated by the explicit dynamic finite element (FE) method. A three-dimensional FE model of MEW considering geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and large contact deformation between the wheel and the road, was established. For the validation of the accuracy and reliability of the FE model of MEW, the simulation and the experimental results of the radial stiffness and footprint of MEW were compared and analyzed. A dynamic simulation of the validated FE model of MEW rolling over a ditch was conducted using the ABAQUS/Explicit program. The equivalent stress and the contact stress generated during the process of the rolling MEW impacting the ditch were studied in detail. The effect of the rolling speed on the transient dynamic characteristics was also analyzed based on the simulation results. The simulation results could provide guidance for the optimization of the MEW structure and vehicle dynamics.