深V型滑行艇静水阻力性能影响因素研究

基于深V型滑行艇的系列模型阻力试验数据,比较系统地分析了深V型滑行艇静水阻力的影响因素,研究了阻力、浸湿面积、浸湿长度以及航行纵倾角随折角线长宽比、重心纵向位置、负荷系数、艇底斜升角等因素的变化规律,指出在舯部斜升角保持24.6°不变的前提下,艇底艉部横向斜升角为10°左右时滑行艇静水中的阻力性能较优,进一步增加增升角度对静水阻力性能不利。     

滑行艇阻力近似计算方法对比研究

结合滑行艇阻力理论的研究动态,采用查洁法和SIT法对美国滑行艇系列62中4667-1的阻力、浸湿面积、平均浸湿长度以及纵倾角进行研究,得到这两种方法的精度及适用范围。同时,还指出查洁法及SIT法能满足滑行艇起滑阶段的阻力预报,并编制了滑行艇阻力理论预报程序和软件界面,以为滑行艇初步设计阶段方案优选提供有力的工具。

     

断阶滑行艇喷气减阻机理研究

本文通过艇底流态显示、艇体运动姿态及阻力测量，研究了滑行艇艇底喷气对流场、阻力等的影响规律。断阶稍前处喷气引起总阻力和浸湿面积的大幅减少，喷气所减少的阻力成分为摩擦阻力，喷气对剩余阻力的影响甚微。     

Wave impact underneath horizontal decks

The problem of water impact on a fixed horizontal platform deck from regular incident waves was studied. Two-dimensional potential flow was assumed, and the resulting boundary-value problem was solved by three alternative numerical methods, a method based on a generalization of the impact theory by Wagner, and two different nonlinear boundary-element methods. The Wagner-based method used a von Karman approach during the water exit phase, i.e., when the wetted surface decreases. Experiments of the impact on an idealized platform deck have been performed to validate the theory. Comparisons show that the Wagner-based method yields good results for the water entry phase, when the wetted deck area increases, but poor results when the wetted area diminishes. The boundary-element methods compare well with experiments for the entire impact process. A Kutta condition is necessary at the aft body–free surface intersection during water exit and when the flow separates from the aft edge. Gravity effects matter for the water exit phase.     

复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数计算

网格划分是水动力计算的关键环节,文中针对复杂形状海洋浮体提出了一种湿表面网格划分方法.对于有复杂首尾结构的浮体,用型线重构的方式在首尾生成曲面构成所需要的截面线,将通用建模工具和NURBS曲线拟合相结合,生成相贯结构的相交线;然后,用分片法生成浮体湿表面及内自由面网格,并独立表达各自的速度势以处理不规则频率现象,进而进行水动力系数计算.计算结果表明,上述处理方式很适合复杂形状海洋浮体水动力系数的计算.     

On prediction of longitudinal attitude of planing craft based on controllable hydrofoils

The purpose of this research study was to examine the attitude response of a planing craft under the controllable hydrofoils.Firstly,a non-linear longitudinal attitude model was established.In the mathematical model,effects of wind loads were considered.Both the wetted length and windward area varied in different navigation conditions.Secondly,control strategies for hydrofoils were specified.Using the above strategies,the heave and trim of the planing craft was adjusted by controllable hydrofoils.Finally,a simulation program was developed to predict the longitudinal attitudes of the planing craft with wind loads.A series of simulations were performed and effects of control strategies on longitudinal attitudes were analyzed.The results show that under effects of wind loads,heave of fixed hydrofoils planing craft decreased by 6.3%,and pitch increased by 8.6% when the main engine power was constant.Heave decreased by less than 1% and trim angle decreased by 1.7% as a result of using variable attack angle hydrofoils;however,amplitude changes of heave and pitch were less than 1% under the control of changeable attack angle hydrofoils and longitudinal attitude.     

一种船体及周围自由面的网格自动生成方法

船体湿表面及船体周围的自由面网格自动生成技术是采用Rankine源方法进行水动力分析的基础.文中使用累加弧长三次参数样条函数生成船体湿表面网格,使用无限插值的方法生成自由面网格,运用拉伸变换确定自由面网格外边界上的结点分布以控制自由面面元的疏密.使用该方法生成的网格进行了水动力分析,计算结果表明该方法准确灵活,可以满足使用Rankine源方法对船舶进行水动力分析的需要.     

三体滑行艇纵向运动稳定性的数值模拟

为了研究三体滑行艇在高航速下的纵向运动稳定性,利用重叠网格技术对三体滑行艇在失稳时产生的"海豚运动"现象进行CFD仿真。根据艇底的压力分布特征分析了发生"海豚运动"的机理;利用二分法制定了若干计算工况,得到静水航行时的稳定速度上限线和失稳速度下限线,实现了对纵向稳定性界限曲线的逼近。将数值计算结果与模型试验结果进行对比分析,计算值与实验值吻合较好,表明该数值方法具有较好的实用价值。     

厚翼剖面的空泡特性研究

本文用奇点法解厚翼剖面局部空泡绕流问题。求解时精确考虑了空泡表面是一条流线的运动学边界条件,空泡表面压力为常数的动力学边界条件,以及水翼湿表面是一条流线的运动学边界条件,用迭代法求出了空泡表面的形状、压力分布等水动力特性,并与实验结果作了比较,得较好结果。     

滑行艇纵向运动响应与静水航行数值模拟分析

运用CFD软件FLUENT,采用动网格技术,通过编制的运动预报程序求解耦合运动方程,比较滑行艇排水航行、过渡航行、滑行三种不同状态下航行姿态及周围流场情况,分析了滑行艇响应运动过程中重心位置及纵摇角度的变化,并展开对应工况下滑行艇以固定姿态不涉及动网格技术的静水直航数值模拟,将计算结果与运动响应结果比较分析.得出了滑行艇由排水航行状态过渡到滑行状态底部动压力变化.为关于滑行艇水动力性能的研究提供了可靠的计算研究模型.     

工程船船体湿表面网格NAPA软件自动生成技术

利用NAPA软件中二次开发工具宏语言,通过引入模糊数学中的钟型隶属度函数和二次函数,开发出对平浮和带纵倾状态的船体湿表面网格自动划分模块。该模块不但可以快速和准确地划分船体网格,还可以生成直接被HydroStar软件调用的输入文件,并且通过控制输出文件的格式可以生成符合其他水动力软件调用的船体湿表面网格格式。     

波浪与带有窄缝结构作用的非线性数值模拟

针对波浪与带有窄缝结构作用产生的流体共振问题,采用基于域内源造波技术的时域高阶边界元方法并在窄缝内流体引入人工阻尼,建立了自由水面满足完全非线性边界条件的二维时域数值波浪水槽模型。求解中采用混合欧拉-拉格朗日方法追踪流体瞬时水面,运用四阶龙格库塔方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势,利用加速度势的方法来求得作用结构上的瞬时波浪荷载。通过与已发表文献的数值与实验结果对比,验证了模型的准确性。同时通过大量的数值计算研究了共振条件入射波浪非线性对反射波高、透射波高和窄缝内波高、及结构波浪荷载和压力分布的影响。     

基于遗传算法的带有调纵倾尾板及拦截器的滑行艇水动力性能评估及优化（英文）

Nowadays, several stern devices are attracting a great deal of attention. The control surface is an effective apparatus for improving the hydrodynamic performance of planing hulls and is considered an important element in the design of planing hulls. Control surfaces produce forces and a pitching moment due to the pressure distribution that they cause, which can be used to change the running state of high-speed marine boats. This work elaborates a new study to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of a planing boat with a trim tab and an interceptor, and optimizes them by using an optimization algorithm. The trim tab and the interceptor have been used to optimize the running trim and motion control of semi-planing and planing boats at various speeds and sea conditions for many years. In this paper, the usage of trim tab is mathematically verified and experimental equations are utilized to optimize the performance of a planing boat at a specificd trim angle by using an optimization algorithm. The genetic algorithm(GA) is one of the most useful optimizing methods and is used in this study. The planing boat equations were programmed according to Savitsky's equations and then analyzed in the framework of the GA-based optimization for performance improvement of theplaning hull. The optimal design of trim tab and interceptor for planing boat can be considered a multiobjective problem. The input data of GA include different parameters, such as speed, longitudinal center of gravity, and deadrise angle. We can extract the best range of forecasting the planing boat longitudinal center of gravity, the angle of the trim, and the least drag force at the best trim angle of the boat.     

箱式超大型浮体在不平底部海域中的水弹性响应

采用作者们(2007)提出的函数展开法描述箱式超大型浮体漂浮在不平底部海域中的水弹性响应问题.将速度势沿静水面位置展开,其系数是水平位置的函数.根据速度势满足拉普拉斯方程就可将这些系数简化到只有两个未知函数.海底条件和平板动力学方程或联合的自由面条件可以分别在Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区建立两个方程用于确定这两个未知函数.不同区域的解要在公共界面上进行匹配.在求解水弹性问题时,展开法必须要截断,从原理上来说,保留的项数越多,其解可以适用于更高阶的kh,其中k是波数,h是水深.作为一个例子,文中给出了只保留一项的结果,而这正好是人们所熟悉的浅水方程.     

流体与结构砰击的全非线性模拟:综述（英文）

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method(BEM). Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes(1) vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion,(2) liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body,(3) similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional(2D), axisymmetric and three dimensional(3D) cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

基于CFD技术的滑行艇静水阻力计算

滑行艇作为一种高性能船舶,被广泛地应用于军事、运输、娱乐等方面,而滑行艇的阻力性能备受人们关注。本文基于CFD技术开展了滑行艇阻力计算研究,分析了时间步长与近壁面网格划分对计算精度的影响。数值计算结果表明,时间步长和近壁面网格划分的不同主要影响的是滑行艇的摩擦阻力以及艇底的气液分布情况。选择合理的参数设置可以使数值计算结果与试验较好地吻合,证明了CFD技术计算滑行艇阻力的可行性。     

Fully nonlinear simulation for fluid/structure impact: A review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

气层对滑行艇推进性能影响的试验研究

在中国船舶科学研究中心拖曳水池中，通过滑行艇模型自航试验，研究了艇底气层对滑行艇推进性能的影响，结果表明：气层对采用水螺旋浆推进的滑行艇推进性能的影响不大。由于气层影响，当滑行艇处于过渡状态时，推进效率略有增大；当滑行艇处于滑行状态时，推进效率略有减少。在饱和气流量时，阻力及主机功率最大减幅可达20％。     

船体湿表面脉动压力预报的三维非线性方法

本文给出了一种预报船体湿表面脉动压力响应的三维非线性时历模拟方法.计及瞬时物面变化引起的各种非线性因素,在时域内建立船体非线性运动方程.在每一时刻,认为船体以其瞬时平均湿表面为平衡位置做简谐振荡运动,利用三维线性频域解来简化运算.在此基础上,进一步将绕射和辐射问题在静平衡位置求解,仅考虑占主导地位的入射波和静恢复力变化的非线性,作为一种兼顾工程需要的计算精度和计算效率的简化方法.以此方法为基础编制了计算机程序,对实船进行了计算,并与模型试验进行了对比.分析比较表明,该方法能够给出令人满意的船体湿表面脉动压力响应预报结果.     

网格因素对三体滑行艇阻力计算影响探究

为获得三体滑行艇的阻力及其他水动力性能比较精确的计算结果,采用粘性流体力学软件STAR-CCM+,依据网格离散的特点,分别讨论了船体表面网格尺寸、近船面网格节点分布、船体周围加密区网格尺寸以及变形网格技术四个因素对三体滑行艇阻力计算精度、收敛速度和稳定性的影响。通过一系列计算、分析,提出适合三体滑行艇阻力计算的网格划分方案,经验证与试验值有较好的符合度。