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缠绕式垫片是石油、化工、发电等行业中管道、阀门及压力容器等密封部位上不可缺少的一种静密封元件。文章首先指出了原国家标准中存在的几个问题。并详介了新国家标准的构成,制定依据及适应范围,缠绕式垫片的压缩与回弹率、应力松弛率及密封泄漏率等三项指标的验证试验。 相似文献
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简述了管道泄漏对生产的影响及动态密封技术的基本原理的特点,并以两个成功的实例介绍了在不停工条件下处理管道局部泄漏的技巧。 相似文献
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文中通过对直埋敷设热水管网检查井室在管道进井壁处的防水密封情况进行分析,找出造成泄漏的原因,包括穿墙密封件结构和管道沉降造成泄漏的因素.分析这些泄漏因素,研究实现有效密封的技术关键点,设计一种新的保温管道穿墙密封件的结构,为直埋敷设热水管网检查井室管道穿墙密封提供解决方案. 相似文献
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文中介绍了氯乙烯贮罐泄漏的概况。通过泄漏现场勘查和取样,从设计结构、材料选择、制造质量、生产工艺等几个方面出发,采用金属材料学和化学分析的方法,全面分析了发生泄漏的原因。该泄漏是由于设计选材不当、焊缝余高过大、排污管与罐体焊缝未打磨至与母材平齐、焊后未进行消除应力热处理、罐体安装角度有误及操作介质中氯化物超标等造成,并提出了避免类似泄漏发生的相应对策。 相似文献
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某海底原油管道设置了负压波泄漏检测系统,但该系统误报漏报情况非常严重,无法实现有效的泄漏检测报警功能。根据负压波泄漏检测的基本原理,结合现场仪表的安装设置情况及管道的实际运行工况,具体分析了负压波泄漏检测系统失效的主要原因。根据现场情况,提出了采用次声波泄漏检测系统的解决方案,介绍了次声波泄漏检测系统的组成及技术参数。经过放油试验,证明该系统可以有效地实现泄漏的报警和定位。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献