电脑凿岩台车在隧道施工中的应用

本文综合比较电脑凿岩台车与普通液压台车或开挖台架，在钻爆法施工时所具有的独特优点，且重点介绍了电脑台车实现高精度钻孔的过程控制及在隧道施工中的使用情况。     

我国隧道凿岩设备的应用与发展

文章在调研国内隧道凿岩技术发展的基础上,通过数据收集及现场实地测试等方式分别对采用液压凿岩设备和气动凿岩设备进行隧道掘进钻孔作业的技术经济性进行了分析。结果表明,与采用气动凿岩设备相比,采用液压凿岩设备在施工效率、节能减排及人员控制等方面具有明显优势,是隧道掘进钻孔作业的发展趋势;同时,应在借鉴现有设备技术的基础上,紧密结合国内隧道地质情况复杂、多为台阶法施工、施工进尺短等现状,研制适合我国隧道施工技术特征的凿岩台车。     

隧道凿岩机器人的研制

计算机控制的凿岩台车以其精确控制隧道断面轮廓、减少超挖和欠挖量、实现光面爆破效果及炮孔深度达到共底面而提高爆破效率等显著的经济优势和社会效益,在国内外得到越来越多的设计、施工单位认可,作者所在单位在国家"863"计划的资助下,集此领域的技术优势,以可靠、经济、高效为原则,研制成功了我国首台隧道凿岩机器人.     

特大断面隧道液压模板台车的研制与施工技术

文章以重庆轻轨较新线临江门车站隧道为例,介绍了特大断面隧道整体式液压模板台车的研制与全断面衬砌施工技术,可供同类工程参考。     

履带式隧道四臂凿岩台车的研制

针对目前国内隧道掘进施工的现状及钻爆法掘进施工的特点,结合某高速公路隧道掘进施工工法及炮眼布置方案,研制开发出了一种结构简单可靠、移动方便、适用于公路隧道钻爆法掘进多台阶施工的四臂凿岩台车。现场试验表明,该凿岩台车能够有效地改善工人作业条件,降低劳动强度,实现隧道炮眼钻孔的安全高效施工。     

秦岭隧道圆形衬砌钢模板上浮控制

文章介绍了秦岭隧道TBM开挖段圆形钢模板台车衬砌施工中出现的模板上浮问题及其产生的原因和解决的技术措施.     

西秦岭隧道TBM掘进同步衬砌技术

新建兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道是全线咽喉控制性工程,为确保全线总体施工目标,要求采用在TBM掘进及连续皮带机出碴工况下同步衬砌的施工方法.文章重点介绍了通过全断面液压衬砌台车的特殊设计,为有轨运输、连续皮带机、通风管及其它管线穿越提供空间的关键技术;由于实施了同步衬砌的施工技术及科学的运输组织,达到了TBM掘进、衬砌真正意义上...     

衬砌新工艺在铁路隧道工程中的应用

本文总结了宝兰铁路客运专线隧道二衬施工中采用的新工艺,采用钢端模固定环向中埋式止水带施工工艺和固定工装固定矮边墙纵向中埋式止水带,解决了环向和纵向止水带线型弯曲、定位困难的问题,确保止水带不偏位、不变形;采用轨行式水沟电缆槽台车,起到控制水沟线形歪斜,提高施工工效等效果;采用自行式液压仰拱台车,实现了隧道仰拱快速、高效的施工,确保了隧道工程质量及安全。     

油气管道隧道衬砌台车设计、制造与应用

采用传统隧道衬砌台车施作小断面油气管道隧道衬砌时,存在下部净空不足,阻碍施工机械通行,致使隧道只能进行单一工序施工,施工进度缓慢等问题。文章通过采用模板与门架全贴合技术、滑动支座技术、台车整体顶升技术、自动化控制技术等对传统衬砌台车进行小型化、自动化改造,以使台车净空最大化,为施工机械穿行台车下部创造条件,实现小断面油气管道隧道掘进、初期支护和二次衬砌作业同步施工及台车半自动化支模施工。通过工程实际应用表明:采用改造的油气管道隧道衬砌台车,可大幅提升油气管道隧道施工的安全、质量和效率,节约隧道整体工期,为后续管道安装赢得宝贵时间。     

通风管路过模板台车和挂板台车的新方法

针对隧道施工中通风管路过模板台车和挂板台车的老大难问题,在分析研究和现场试验的基础上,设计并实施了一种管路过台车的新方法,文章对该方法进行了详细的介绍,并简单评述了该方法的优点和经济效益.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.