节能又提速 还能“陆地行舟”的内河航运新模式

提出了用架空索道牵引替代螺旋桨推进;用自封闭气垫船替代老式船舶;用斜坡水槽拉牵过水坝替代船闸等节能措施,可使内河船运能耗降到现有船运的30%以下,船速提到50～100km/h。同时提出了用少水模式船槽为特征的"陆地行舟"方案,打通欧亚大陆桥"槽运"通道、打通黄河—汉江—武汉"槽运"通道的设想。     

循环水槽边壁效应数值修正研究

在循环水槽中进行船模试验时的边壁效应，包括阻塞、浅水和侧壁波浪反射等，会影响测试结果。论文通过非定常RANS数值方法针对排水型高速单体船开展循环水槽边壁效应研究，归纳边壁效应修正公式。通过数值不确定度分析验证了网格的合理性。通过数值模拟的循环水槽与开阔水域中船模阻力的比较，拟合速度增量，得到水深弗劳德数Frh <1时的修正公式。该修正公式反映了阻塞效应、浅水效应以及高速船阻力的特征，循环水槽修正后的阻力曲线与开阔水域的阻力曲线吻合良好。     

政策

中国拟出台海运发展战略交通运输部水运局局长宋德星在南京举行的＂中国国际江海航运物流发展论坛＂上透露,中国将出台海运发展战略,其中包括建设现代海运船队、完善港口功能、发展现代航运服务业等八大专项内容,最终实现海运强国的目标。他还透露,未来中国海运发展的思路是形成安全、畅通、     

抱团取暖转型发展迎接海运强国春天

中海散运是中国海运旗下三大核心船队之一,目前以30万吨超大型矿砂船（VLOC）为旗舰,经营管理好望角型、巴拿马型、灵便型干散货船舶200余艘、1300多万载重吨.中海散运坚持“做优沿海、做强远洋、做实联营”的经营方针,多年来积极承担我国沿海地区的电煤运输保障任务.中国海运大力支持中海散运的发展,逐步将中海散运打造成集团内统一的干散货船队经营管理平台,构建全球营销网络,在上海、海南、香港、新加坡、北美、欧洲等地设立业务机构.“十二五”期末,中海散运统一经营运力将超过2 000万载重吨,进入世界一流干散货船队前列.     

长江三峡库区炉子梁孤礁炸礁水深的确定及整治效果分析

以长江三峡库区炉子梁碍航孤礁为研究对象,通过解析解、数学模型和概化水槽模型试验等手段,论证了孤礁浅水效应下水面降落和船舶下沉量,并结合长江干线航道发展规划及船舶大型化发展趋势,确定最终的炸礁水深。工程实施后,航槽拓宽,航道维护及航行安全均得到了有效保障,取得良好的整治效果。     

箱运公司船队建设方案探讨

众所周知，航运业已经从过去的暴利行业转变成了今天的微利行业。而作为总公司物流战略实施的重要组成部分的箱运公司，应该从自身实际出发，在充分研究船队发展趋势、船队经营方式、市场行情以及资金筹集渠道的基础上，选择一条适合本箱运企业发展的道路。     

基于CFD的M型槽道滑行艇消波特性分析

针对高速船在内河及沿海浅水区域航行时的兴波问题,基于计算流体力学(CFD)理论,选用k-ωSST湍流模型及VOF显式耦合求解算法,对M型槽道滑行艇在浅水域水动力性能进行数值模拟,分析M型槽道滑行艇在浅水区的消波性能。研究表明:M型槽道滑行艇在浅水域有着良好的消波性能,水深越小滑行艇消波效果越好;在浅水情况下航行时,保持槽道顶处于通气状态,能大幅减小滑行艇兴波。     

内河分节驳顶推船队在浅水中操纵运动特性的研究

本文先后对航行于汉江的３００Ｔ级分节驳和５００Ｔ级分节驳组成的２＋２＋Ｔ顶推船队作了变水深自航模操纵性试验，分析浅水对内河船队操纵性及航迹宽度的影响。     

新一代长江油运推船的研究与开发

在简单回顾长江原有油运船队的基础上,详细介绍了新一代江油运推船－2000kW油运推船设计过程中所重点研究的3项新技术：“推船艏纵倾”和“导管前倾”技术、长江油运推船航线的通用性,以及轮驳一体化,并对新一代油运船队作了性能效益分析,指出了存在的问题。     

新一代长江油运推船的研究与开发

在简单回顾长江原有油运船队的基础上,详细介绍了新一代长江油运推船--2 000 kW油运推船设计过程中所重点研究的3项新技术:"推船艏纵倾"和"导管前倾"技术、长江油运推船航线的通用性、以及轮驳一体化,并对新一代油运船队作了性能效益分析,指出了存在的问题.     

三峡水库常年回水区和尚滩汛期航道条件变化分析*

收集三峡水库常年回水区洪水急流滩——和尚滩大量的实测地形、水文及过往船舶航行资料,建立了数学模型,分析汛期的航道条件变化,并得到和尚滩的船舶自航上滩临界流量条件。结果表明：175 m试验性蓄水后,和尚滩航道条件有所改善,流速、比降减缓,水深、航宽增加,万吨级船队及3 000吨船舶自航上滩临界流量有所提升,航运效益明显提高。     

The adaptation of the Polish shipping companies to market conditions

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Polish shipping. Implementation of the market economy system was at first demonstrated in the introduction of the principles of self-dependence, self-government and self-financing of the shipping companies. Privatization performed a key role in the program of transformation of the centrally planned system into market oriented financially independent shipping organizations. The previous principle of the necessary participation of the home fleet in transporting domestic sea-borne trade has been mostly replaced by cross-trade. Many shipping services have left its basic ports in the country for a West European basis, securing alimentation of home and transit cargoes by feeder-service systems. Joint stock companies in shipping with substantial shares of foreign capital are welcomed, and the previously obligatory system of administrative methods of the state monopoly has been abolished. The principles of shipping policy represented in the past by Poland and also by UNCTAD in the 1960s have lost their impact and must be change and adapted to the new demands of the shipping markets.     

The adaptation of the Polish shipping companies to market conditions

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Polish shipping. Implementation of the market economy system was at first demonstrated in the introduction of the principles of self-dependence, self-government and self-financing of the shipping companies. Privatization performed a key role in the program of transformation of the centrally planned system into market oriented financially independent shipping organizations. The previous principle of the necessary participation of the home fleet in transporting domestic sea-borne trade has been mostly replaced by cross-trade. Many shipping services have left its basic ports in the country for a West European basis, securing alimentation of home and transit cargoes by feeder–service systems. Joint stock companies in shipping with substantial shares of foreign capital are welcomed, and the previously obligatory system of administrative methods of the state monopoly has been abolished. The principles of shipping policy represented in the past by Poland and also by UNCTAD in the 1960s have lost their impact and must be change and adapted to the new demands of the shipping markets.     

The role of Mediterranean short sea shipping in the EU transport chain: The case of Greece

The European Community has provided valuable support to short sea shipping through various programs and legislation. This paper analyses the situation while focusing on the Mediterranean Sea and suggests solutions for addressing the short sea shipping problems in this special region. The biggest challenge for all sides in the comingyears will be the replacement of the existing fleet. The study presented herein gives an insightful and collective picture of the situation, while focusing on the Greek owned short sea vessels.     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

Explaining variations in national fleet across shipping nations

Many studies on national shipping attribute the declines in national fleets of developed economies to the lack of comparative advantage, but little has been done so far to identify factors contributing to countries’ shipping comparative advantage using a systematic approach. Although shipping markets are highly international and competitive, it is not clear whether tonnage owned by countries is governed by country-specific factors. This paper seeks to explain variations in nationally owned fleet across shipping nations. The main variable of interest is national fleet tonnage owned by country of domicile as opposed to registered tonnage. The results of econometric analysis using data from 84 shipping nations indicate that various country-specific factors do indeed contribute to variations in fleet tonnage across shipping nations, albeit at different levels of significance. Financial market development, external trade, ship registration, shipbuilding and shipping history appear to have the most significant impact, followed by the level of development and technology and maritime policy. Based on the results of analysis, implications for policy and future research are also discussed.     

Overseas trade vis-a-vis overseas shipping: Growth and performance in India (1999–2009)

Maritime trade has been and even continues to account for about a lion's share of India's total cargo volumes. Despite the growth of multimodal transport (by land, water and air), shipping still continues to be the major mode of transport in the bulk carriage of country's overseas trade. In view of this vital role of shipping, in the first four decades of independence, under the initiative of planned development and active government support, India's shipping and port sector saw dramatic growth in their performance to build adequate national fleet, in keeping up with the transport of overseas cargo. However, the onset of economic liberalization in 1991 has given rise to many new dimensions in the development of the shipping and port sector of the country with a significant redefinition of shipping and port services, in response to the new global trend patterns. For instance, it has also established the new era of containerization in the mode of cargo delivery from the dominance of the era of bulk and break-bulk trade during the decade of sixties and seventies. Moreover, as global competition increases, in response to this emerging trade patterns within this country, India's volume of traffic growth also increases manifold. So, India's shipping and port sectors need, significantly, to build up and furnish their capacity by increasing the frequency of this mode of transport i.e. the growth of the national overseas fleet to meet this surging demand. This paper, therefore, have focused on this role of shipping in such rising overseas trade, with a view to examine the shipping performance (the growth of overseas fleet) in response to the growing overseas trade at all ports of India during the period (1999–2000 to 2008–2009), in terms of both a mathematical model and a graphical representation. Finally, it concludes that the absolute overseas trade, being highly import dependent, have led to a more or less stagnant performance in overseas shipping, owing to the lack of the adequate growth of absolute overseas exports during this period.     

'Government preference' and its influence on the shipping industry in Korea

The author suggests the existence of 'government preference', which has changed the structure of the Korean economy from that of a light-goods industry to one of a heavy and chemical goods industry; and which has affected the formation of an export-dependent economy. 'Government preference' has also affected the shipping sector which was favoured as a foreign-exchange earner, not as an income generator. Korean shipping expanded through market forces in its earlier developmental stage where tonnage of the Korean fleet grew moderately and profitability was reasonably good; and by 'government preference' towards shipping externalities (balance-of-payments effect and support for export industry) which became a prime concern of the government in later years where the fleet expanded rapidly in spite of negative profitability. It follows that under circumstances of 'government preference' which is strong enough to work and which prefers shipping's external effect to value added generated by shipping. Korean shipping might well record a poor performance in terms of profitability. This means that Korean shipping companies' prime concern lies in 'survival' not in 'profit'.     

集装箱船舶大型化对中国班轮运输的影响

通过竞争情报分析提供了各班轮公司未来船队结构和运力的变化趋势,由此观察到各班轮公司为了降低自身的营运成本,在最近几年大量订购超巴拿马型甚至更大型的集装箱船舶参与运输,但是却不能达到其预期的规模效应。原因就在于相当一部分成本随着船型的增大而线性增加,规模不经济。我们探讨了中国的班轮运输市场的几个重要特点:中外贸易的不平衡导致了货源的不平衡;未来贸易结构的调整会影响航线的布局和调派;贸易上的不稳定因素使班轮公司遇到外在的风险。这些特点会深远地影响集装箱船舶大型化的经济受益,相反的,集装箱船舶大型化的趋势也会加剧这些负面的影响,危及整个班轮运输市场。     

明渠交汇口水流浅水二维数学模型研究

针对明渠交汇口缓流流动特性,建立基于高性能有限体积数值方法、具有二阶精度的非恒定浅水二维水流数学模型。基本控制方程采用浅水二维水流方程;采用能够有效捕捉激波的高性能有限体积方法离散控制方程;采用了隐式方法处理阻力项,从而保证了模型的稳定性。采用非结构三角形网格系离散计算区域。最后,应用实测资料对两种模型进行了验证比较,结果表明该模型可模拟明渠交汇口基本流动特性,显示了对天然河流广阔的应用前景。