汽车馈能悬架技术研究综述

传统悬架只能被动减振,已越来越不能满足车辆的高性能和高能效需求,主动悬架、馈能悬架技术逐渐成为研究热点。首先介绍馈能型悬架系统的研究现状,然后分析各类型馈能型悬架的优劣,最后探究了馈能悬架发展存在的技术难点,并指出后续馈能悬架技术发展的关键方向。     

一种新型液-电馈能式悬架系统的设计与研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对悬架振动能量回收问题,提出一种新型液-电馈能式悬架系统,阐述其结构和工作原理。基于馈能悬架的数学模型,分析其减振和馈能特性。通过样机试验验证了馈能悬架的可行性,并得到悬架的能量回收率约为42.3%。基于1/4车辆仿真模型,以50km/h的车速和一段C级路面为输入,对馈能悬架和传统被动悬架进行了对比仿真。结果表明:馈能悬架可替代传统被动悬架用于车辆减振,在满足车辆行驶平顺性要求的同时,能有效回收悬架振动能量。     

一种新型液-电馈能式悬架系统的设计与研究

针对悬架振动能量回收问题,提出一种新型液-电馈能式悬架系统,阐述其结构和工作原理。基于馈能悬架的数学模型,分析其减振和馈能特性。通过样机试验验证了馈能悬架的可行性,并得到悬架的能量回收率约为42.3%。基于1/4车辆仿真模型,以50km/h的车速和一段C级路面为输入,对馈能悬架和传统被动悬架进行了对比仿真。结果表明:馈能悬架可替代传统被动悬架用于车辆减振,在满足车辆行驶平顺性要求的同时,能有效回收悬架振动能量。     

混合电磁悬架阻尼系数优化设计

为提高电磁悬架的可靠性,提出一种直线电机与可调减振器并联的混合电磁悬架结构。混合电磁悬架可以工作在被动和主动两种工作模式中,首先研究了被动模式下减振器阻尼值对馈能性能和动力学性能的影响规律,通过折中设计确定了最优阻尼值,与传统被动悬架相比,被动模式下的混合电磁悬架可有效协调馈能性能和动力学性能。然后分析了主动模式下阻尼值对能耗特性的影响规律,并分别以乘坐舒适性和行驶安全性为控制目标,确定了不同控制目标下的最优阻尼值,与主动电磁悬架相比,混合电磁悬架可有效降低系统的能量消耗,达到节能的目的。     

新型馈能悬架结构设计与仿真模型建立

馈能式悬架是为了回收汽车悬架中被减振器消耗的振动能量。本文首先介绍几种理论上已有馈能式悬架的结构设计和工作原理,然后提出一种集减振与回收振动能量功能于一体的新型机-电-液混合系统馈能式悬架,并研究该新型馈能式悬架的工作原理,评价了不同馈能悬架之间的结构方案。最后利用跨学科仿真软件AMESim对其建立动力学仿真模型。     

汽车馈能悬架的结构选型与设计

馈能悬架是一种能够回收汽车垂直振动能量的新型悬架系统。介绍了现有几种不同的馈能悬架结构和馈能电机,进行了对比分析,结构选型,并对由滚珠丝杠机构结合馈能电机构成的馈能悬架进行设计研究。     

馈能式电动悬架的原理与试验研究

提出了一种新型的馈能式电动悬架,并对原理样机进行了试验研究.首先,对馈能式电动悬架的工作原理及结构方案进行描述;其次,根据某具体车型的后悬架系统参数,设计电机作动器样机并进行特性试验;最后,通过整车台架试验检验所设计的悬架系统在随动状态下的馈能特性和悬架特性.试验表明,低频大振幅工况时,随动状态下的电动悬架可在基本保证车辆性能的同时回馈部分电能.     

电磁馈能式悬架方案设计与节能分析

电磁馈能式悬架是一种能够回收汽车垂直振动能量的新型悬架系统.阐述了电磁馈能式悬架的工作原理、结构及设计方案,并建市了电磁馈能式悬架模型.运用CARSIM及MATLAB/SIMULINK等仿真软件,分析了电磁馈能式悬架的节能情况.结果表明,电磁馈能式悬架能够在一定程度上回收振动能量.经分析可知,结构阻尼、馈能元件阻尼器及充电电路性能是影响馈能元件能量回收效率的主要因素.     

汽车馈能式电动主动悬架控制器设计与试验研究

针对直流无刷电机结合滚珠丝杠结构作为电机作动器的汽车馈能式主动悬架,设计了其电机作动器的电子控制系统。该控制系统的硬件部分由DSP控制器、驱动及功率模块和DC-DC电源供应模块3个模块构成;软件部分采用了基于μC/OS-Ⅱ实时多任务操作系统的控制算法。分别对所研制的电动主动悬架与原配液压被动悬架进行整车试验,研究了电动主动悬架的随动特性及馈能可行性。     

兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统设计与研究

为解决特种车辆或载重车辆在极端工况下易侧翻的问题,提出了一种兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统。对该悬架系统的主动抗侧倾模式和馈能模式进行了功能原理设计与分析;针对主动抗侧倾模式与馈能模式,构建了电液悬架系统仿真模型;设计了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾模糊PID控制策略和侧倾力矩分配方案,以及执行机构逻辑门限值控制策略,并基于Matlab/Simulink、TruckSim和AMESim仿真软件,搭建了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾控制策略联合仿真平台;对装配有电液悬架系统的车辆模型在极限工况下的抗侧倾性能进行仿真分析,并对车辆在随机路面激励输入下的馈能特性进行仿真分析。结果表明,装配该电液悬架的特种车辆具备较强的防侧翻能力,并具有较好的悬架运动能量回收潜力。     

汽车悬架性能测试方法及测试系统研究

在建立检测车辆悬架振动动力学模型和运动方程的基础上,分析并确定了悬架性能的评价指标,提出了悬架性能的检测新方法,采用虚拟仪器技术开发了汽车悬架性能测试系统。该测试系统采用PC-DAQ方案,在原有激振式悬架性能试验台上,增装必要的传感器,配以PC机平台和虚拟仪器软件,构建了可以测得悬架的吸收效率、振动频率、相位差及相应的振动波形的性能测试系统,为悬架性能的综合评价及故障诊断提供了依据。通过实车测试,所建理论模型正确、可行,测试系统准确、可靠。     

Self-powered active control applied to a truck cab suspension

A method of active vibration control using regenerated vibration energy, i.e. self-powered active control, applied to the cab suspension of a heavy duty truck. In the proposed system, an electric generator that is installed in the suspension of the chassis regenerates vibration energy and stores it in the condenser. An actuator in the cab suspension achieves active vibration control using the energy stored in the condenser. Numerical simulations and basic experiments demonstrate better isolation performance of the self-powered active vibration control system than that of a passive and a semi-active control.     

电磁馈能悬架作动器设计

为了实现电磁馈能悬架减振与能量回收的目的,将永磁直线电机作为悬架的作动器.以传统筒式减振器为试验对象,设计了一种圆筒型直线式作动器,对作动器各部分结构尺寸进行了设计,并对作动器进行了仿真分析.结果表明:设计的永磁直线作动器电磁力在均值为330N,磁场分布均匀,满足作动器设计要求.     

Fundamental Issues in Suspension Design for Heavy Road Vehicles

Heavy road vehicles play an important role in the economy of many countries by providing an efficient means of transporting freight. Such vehicles can also have a significant impact on safety, the infrastructure and the environment. The design of the suspension affects the performance of the vehicle in terms of ride, infrastructure damage, suspension working space, energy consumption, rollover stability, yaw stability, braking and traction. The published literature on suspension design for heavy road vehicles is reviewed. It is found that extensive knowledge exists, but that there are areas where improved understanding is needed. Areas identified as fundamental issues requiring attention include ride discomfort criteria, secondary suspensions, and controllable suspensions. Two issues in particular are examined in detail: suspension tuning and suspension configuration. In the tuning of suspension parameter values for vibration performance, numerical optimisation techniques have been used extensively, but generic tuning strategies have not been widely developed. Modal analysis is proposed as a technique for gaining the insight into vehicle vibration behaviour necessary to enable tuning strategies to be devised. As an example, the technique is applied to the pitch-plane vibration of a tractor-semitrailer. In analyses of new suspension configurations or concepts, comparison with alternative concepts is not always made. Lack of such comparisons makes the selection of an optimum concept difficult. Analysis of alternative concepts using simple mathematical models, and comparison of their performance using common criteria, is advocated for enabling informed selection of an optimum. An example involving two alternative roll control systems is used to demonstrate the issue.     

Fundamental Issues in Suspension Design for Heavy Road Vehicles

Heavy road vehicles play an important role in the economy of many countries by providing an efficient means of transporting freight. Such vehicles can also have a significant impact on safety, the infrastructure and the environment. The design of the suspension affects the performance of the vehicle in terms of ride, infrastructure damage, suspension working space, energy consumption, rollover stability, yaw stability, braking and traction. The published literature on suspension design for heavy road vehicles is reviewed. It is found that extensive knowledge exists, but that there are areas where improved understanding is needed. Areas identified as fundamental issues requiring attention include ride discomfort criteria, secondary suspensions, and controllable suspensions. Two issues in particular are examined in detail: suspension tuning and suspension configuration. In the tuning of suspension parameter values for vibration performance, numerical optimisation techniques have been used extensively, but generic tuning strategies have not been widely developed. Modal analysis is proposed as a technique for gaining the insight into vehicle vibration behaviour necessary to enable tuning strategies to be devised. As an example, the technique is applied to the pitch-plane vibration of a tractor-semitrailer. In analyses of new suspension configurations or concepts, comparison with alternative concepts is not always made. Lack of such comparisons makes the selection of an optimum concept difficult. Analysis of alternative concepts using simple mathematical models, and comparison of their performance using common criteria, is advocated for enabling informed selection of an optimum. An example involving two alternative roll control systems is used to demonstrate the issue.     

An analytical design approach for self-powered active lateral secondary suspensions for railway vehicles

In this paper, an analytical design approach for the development of self-powered active suspensions is investigated and is applied to optimise the control system design for an active lateral secondary suspension for railway vehicles. The conditions for energy balance are analysed and the relationship between the ride quality improvement and energy consumption is discussed in detail. The modal skyhook control is applied to analyse the energy consumption of this suspension by separating its dynamics into the lateral and yaw modes, and based on a simplified model, the average power consumption of actuators is computed in frequency domain by using the power spectral density of lateral alignment of track irregularities. Then the impact of control gains and actuators’ key parameters on the performance for both vibration suppressing and energy recovery/storage is analysed. Computer simulation is used to verify the obtained energy balance condition and to demonstrate that the improved ride comfort is achieved by this self-powered active suspension without any external power supply.     

Performance investigation of vehicle suspension system with nonlinear ball-screw inerter

This paper investigates the influence of ball-screw inerter nonlinearities on the vibration isolation performance of the vehicle suspension system. That is achieved by building a nonlinear mechanics model of the ball-screw inerter with friction in ball-screw assembly and elastic effect of screw. The parameters of the nonlinear mechanics model are identified using recursive least squares algorithm based on test data. Then, the nonlinear ball-screw inerter is applied to vehicle suspension analysis of the half-car model with three passive suspension layouts. The performance of the vehicle suspension system with the nonlinear ball-screw inerter is compared with that with the linear inerter. It is demonstrated from the results that the vibration isolation performance of the vehicle suspension system is slightly influenced by considering the ball-screw inerter nonlinearities in general. The influence of the ball-screw inerter nonlinearities on every performance indicator for different suspension layouts is discussed finally.     

Performance evaluation and parameter sensitivity of energy-harvesting shock absorbers on different vehicles

Traditional shock absorbers provide favourable ride comfort and road handling by dissipating the suspension vibration energy into heat waste. In order to harvest this dissipated energy and improve the vehicle fuel efficiency, many energy-harvesting shock absorbers (EHSAs) have been proposed in recent years. Among them, two types of EHSAs have attracted much attention. One is a traditional EHSA which converts the oscillatory vibration into bidirectional rotation using rack-pinion, ball-screw or other mechanisms. The other EHSA is equipped with a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) that transforms the bidirectional vibration into unidirectional rotation. Hereinafter, they are referred to as NonMMR-EHSA and MMR-EHSA, respectively. This paper compares their performances with the corresponding traditional shock absorber by using closed-form analysis and numerical simulations on various types of vehicles, including passenger cars, buses and trucks. Results suggest that MMR-EHSA provides better ride performances than NonMMR-EHSA, and that MMR-EHSA is able to improve both the ride comfort and road handling simultaneously over the traditional shock absorber when installed on light-damped, heavy-duty vehicles. Additionally, the optimal parameters of MMR-EHSA are obtained for ride comfort. The optimal solutions (‘Pareto-optimal solutions’) are also obtained by considering the trade-off between ride comfort and road handling.     

键合图理论在汽车纵向角振动主动控制中的应用

本文应用键合图理论建立了汽车5自由度振动系统的键图模型并推导出状态方程，以垂直振动、纵向角振动能量最小和控制能量最小为目标函数，利用状态反馈原理代化出前悬架减振器的最佳控制力，对汽车驶过三角形单凸起时的振动响应进行了计算机仿真分析。结果表明，具有主动控制悬架的汽车，其纵向角振动得到明显的衰减。