虚拟传感器在车辆轮胎压力测试中的研究初探

虚拟传感器的设计思路是利用车辆的某些有效信息获得一些不能直接测量,或者至少需要昂贵的传感器测量才能获得的参数。车辆中的虚拟传感器可被用来测定路面和轮胎之间的摩擦、轮胎膨胀压力和车轮不平衡等参数。这些虚拟传感器之间通过计算机组成一个控制系统,通过该系统并利用车辆中的CAN总线技术,得出对车辆轮胎工作状态的精确控制,保证车辆行驶安全。     

基于虚拟传感的轮胎压力监测系统

虚拟传感技术用于估计系统中不能或者难以直接放置传感器的位置处的物理量的大小。本文介绍以虚拟传感理论为基础的轮胎压力监测系统，从不同的角度建立相关参数的轮胎模型，利用ABS轮速传感器获取的轮速信号，通过相应的算法来间接实现对轮速的监测。分别运用有效滚动半径、扭转刚度以及纵向刚度等参量，通过不同的算法来监测气压的变化，并预测了今后发展的趋势。     

轮胎在水平路面上的自由滚动接触分析

利用轮胎的模态参数直接对轮胎在水平路面上的滚动建立了便于解析计算的仿真模型。该模型可模拟轮胎稳态的滚动过程并可计算出不小同工况下的滚动特性、有效滚动半径、载荷与下沉量的关系以及印迹内变形和分布力。计算结果揭示了以往模型难以描述的微观现象,与以往文献的试验研究结果定性一致,充分显示了模型的合理性。     

基于低沸点化学物质的无源轿车轮胎温度监测系统

利用低沸点化学物质具有较高的饱和蒸汽压的特性,设计了一种无源轿车轮胎温度监测系统。系统中的胎温传感器将温度变化通过低沸点化学物质的饱和蒸汽压的相应变化转变为磁铁的位移信号,再利用线性霍尔传感器转变为电压信号,最后通过信号检测系统对信号进行处理和转换,实现对轮胎温度的实时监测和高温报警。通过静态实验,选定了满足胎温传感器要求的感温物质;通过动态实验,考察了报警系统的检测精确度。结果表明,系统检测相对误差绝对值≤6%,测温精度为1℃。     

轮胎压力监测系统设计及实现

介绍了轮胎压力直接监测系统的硬件组成及软件设计方法。阐述了基于摩托罗拉MPXY8020A最新传感器的轮胎监测模块设计方案和基于MC33594接收机的接收模块的设计方案，并给出了模块硬件电路以及相关程序、框图、通信协议和算法等。该系统可随时测定每个轮胎内部的实际温度和瞬压，确定故障轮胎并实时发出警示，可有效避免爆胎事故的发生。     

凯迪拉克CTS轿车轮胎压力监视系统故障诊断

三、轮胎压力传感器的读入 轮胎压力监视系统（TPMS）通过天线模块、仪表板集成模块（DIM）、遥控门锁发射器、4个射频发射压力传感器和串行数据电路来实现传感器的读入功能。每当更换传感器或进行轮胎换位后，都必须执行传感器读入程序。一旦读入模式被启动，每个传感器的唯一识别码可以读入到天线模块的存储器中。当一个传感器的识别码已读入时，天线模块会发送一个串行数据信号到仪表板集成模块（DIM）中，使喇叭发出1声鸣响，表示传感器已经发送了其识别码，     

轮胎的使用

一、轮胎的概述现代的两种结构轮胎,从表面上看,很难区别。同规格的轮胎,可充气为同一标准轮胎尺寸。如同规格的9.00—20斜交胎与9.00—20子午胎都可充气到外直径为1018毫米、宽度为259毫米。但是,十层级斜交胎的气压是4.9公斤/厘米~2,而子午线轮胎的气压却是5.3公斤/厘米~2。对于轮胎的下沉量,子午线轮胎也大于斜交轮胎。这两种轮胎的结构设计、工艺流程和使用性能也都不同。因此,使用单位要正确使用轮胎。     

汽车轮胎压力监测系统设计

轮胎作为车辆与地面的唯一接触部件,轮胎中的气压变化对车辆的驾驶舒适性、燃油经济性和道路安全有着显著影响,但是,驾驶员经常忽略轮胎的状况和轮胎内的压力值,这为交通安全带来了隐患。有源电子设备尺寸和功耗的不断减小以及无线通信的进步使得无线传感器能够在工业和汽车应用中得到广泛使用,轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS）由每个轮胎内的无线轮胎压力传感器（TPS）模块和汽车内的单个接收器组成,汽车轮胎压力的监测和解决方法已成为安全驾驶的重要发展方向。文章设计的轮胎压力监测系统使用SP12传感器,采用了低频唤醒方法,选用了ABLE（爱博尔）公司的ER2450提供稳定的电源用于给系统供电,并通过后续系统的验证和测试结果,说明该汽车轮胎压力监控系统软件设计的合理性和可行性。研究结果对提高汽车的行驶安全性有一定参考价值。     

轮胎压力监测系统的软硬件实现方法

介绍轮胎压力监测系统的一种半双工实现方法。阐述了基于MPXY8020A传感器、NRF403收发芯片的轮胎监测系统设计方案,给出了各模块的硬件结构、工作流程、通讯协议等。该系统可实时监测每个轮胎内部的实际温度和压力,确定故障轮胎并实时报警,有效避免爆胎事故的发生。     

清华同方与摩托罗拉合作开发TPMS——汽车轮胎压力监测系统

TPMS，即汽车轮胎压力监测系统。采用无线电传输频率．将轮胎内的传感器信号传送至汽车中控仪表的接受器上，可以自动检测轮胎内的温度及气压．实时发出警告，以预防爆胎事故的发生。     

手持式智能轮胎沟槽深度检测系统设计

针对传统轮胎沟槽深度测量工具检测效率极低、数据不准确、测量维度少和延展性差等特点，设计了一种手持式智能轮胎沟槽深度检测系统。该系统由手持式智能检测设备、手机和云平台三部分组成。手持式智能轮胎检测设备负责采集和处理轮胎沟槽深度数据；手机负责传输和显示轮胎沟槽深度数据；云平台负责分析和存储轮胎沟槽深度数据。试验结果表明，该轮胎花纹深度数据处理算法抗干扰能力强，该手持式智能轮胎沟槽深度检测系统测量效率高，可扩展性强且精度高，每条轮胎检测平均用时4 s，检测数据误差保持在3.5%范围内。     

汽车轮胎压力监测系统的电路实现

汽车轮胎压力监测系统（TPMS）是新兴、有效防止爆胎的汽车安全装置,该系统通过对轮胎压力的监测进行轮胎的异常报警,保障行车的安全,文章介绍了直接式TPMS的工作原理和特点,提出了本系统的总体结构,随后进行了系统核心芯片的选型,并对轮胎检测模块提出相应的方案．,根据系统总体方案,进行了各个模块的硬件设计,并设计了电路原理图和印制电路板。     

355/50R22.5宽基低断面全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

355/50R22.5宽基低断面全钢载重子午线轮胎主要是为打开欧洲市场,后期完成试验论证及市场测试后,将投产于欧洲市场,经济效益可观。355/50R22.5宽基低断面全钢载重子午线轮胎开发设计主要是根据欧标初步设计宽基低断面全钢载重子午线轮胎结构,根据不同的结构设计方案,利用有限元分析轮胎充气轮廓及胎肩、胎圈位置受力情况,通过优选确定最终轮胎轮廓及骨架材料等参数。完成结构设计后,对本项目开发的轮胎进行施工设计。最后对该轮胎进行成品性能试验,主要包括强度性能和耐久性能试验。     

Development of a valve and optimization of a tube for self-inflating tire

Worldwide, the tire market requires safe and eco-friendly tires. In this study, a self-inflating tire (SIT) was studied and manufactured. Self-inflating tire refers to a technique for maintaining appropriate tire pressure. An internal regulator senses when tire inflation pressure has dropped below the set air pressure. The tire boosts air through the valve when rolling and compressed air enters into the tire. This procedure keeps the tire air pressure at an appropriate level and increases tire safety. In this study, a regulator was used as a negative-pressure system. A check valve was selected the minute flow check valve depending on the shape of the configured system. In addition, the material of the tube was developed with excellent physical properties and resistances (elastic rebound, working temperature, etc.) owing to its complete compression and restoration. A tube performance tester was developed and a computer aided engineering (CAE) model was modeled for comparison with the test results. Using the tester and model, it was possible to optimize the shape of the tube and regulator. Finally, the reliability of the study was verified through the prototype test. The developed equipment and systems can be used for the manufacture of high-performance and safe tires.     

基于车轮扭矩传感器的轮胎滚动阻力测试系统开发

应用车轮扭矩传感器开发了轮胎滚动阻力测试系统。介绍了在双滚筒上测试轮胎滚动阻力和阻力系数的原理、轮胎滚动阻力测试系统的构成及测试系统软件的开发。在赛欧SLX-AT轿车的驱动轮上对该系统进行了实车试验,结果表明,该测试系统可克服滚动阻力滑行测试法和反拖测试法的不足,提高轮胎滚动阻力的检测精度,为研究轮胎滚动阻力特性提供了新手段。     

A Versatile Flat Track Tire Testing Machine

Summary A flat track tire testing machine developed by the IMMa group is described. It permits the simulation and study of the dynamic behavior of a great variety of tires under controllable and repetitive highly dynamic realistic working conditions in the laboratory for a diversity of vehicles, from motorcycles to light trucks. The machine incorporates: – a hydraulically operated tire support and loading system with wide operating ranges; – a computer controlled brake system to simulate braking maneuvers with ABS systems; – a complete sensorial system; – a data acquisition and control system continually monitoring and acting on the experimental variables, i.e., tire and belt speed, longitudinal slip, slip and camber angles, tire pressure, tire normal force, etc. As an application example, results are presented that adjust the parameter of the magic formula for a standard 175/70 R14 passenger vehicle tire. Accurate mathematical tire models are recognized as essential for the prediction of vehicle dynamic performances using simulation tools.     

A Versatile Flat Track Tire Testing Machine

Summary A flat track tire testing machine developed by the IMMa group is described. It permits the simulation and study of the dynamic behavior of a great variety of tires under controllable and repetitive highly dynamic realistic working conditions in the laboratory for a diversity of vehicles, from motorcycles to light trucks. The machine incorporates: - a hydraulically operated tire support and loading system with wide operating ranges; - a computer controlled brake system to simulate braking maneuvers with ABS systems; - a complete sensorial system; - a data acquisition and control system continually monitoring and acting on the experimental variables, i.e., tire and belt speed, longitudinal slip, slip and camber angles, tire pressure, tire normal force, etc. As an application example, results are presented that adjust the parameter of the magic formula for a standard 175/70 R14 passenger vehicle tire. Accurate mathematical tire models are recognized as essential for the prediction of vehicle dynamic performances using simulation tools.     

A self-powering system based on tire deformation during driving

Tire intelligence is vital in the improvement of the safety of vehicles because the tire supports the car body and is the contact point between the vehicle and the road. To create an intelligent tire, sensors must be installed to measure the behavior of the tire. However, it is difficult to apply a wired sensor system on the wheel of the tire. Hence, it is necessary to implement a self-powering, wireless system (a type of energy harvesting system) that can be mounted inside the tire. The purpose of this study is to convert the strain energy caused by deformation of the tire while driving into useful electrical energy to supply the sensor system. A flexible piezofiber is utilized for the energy conversion. The variation in strain, due to changes in speed, load, and the internal pressure of the tire, was measured along two axial directions to evaluate the amount of available strain energy. The amount of strain changed from 0.15% to 0.8%. To predict the amount of available energy from a tire, we perform an analysis of the relationship between the strain and the voltage. In addition, experiments for impedance matching between piezofiber and related circuits were conducted to optimize the external loads for transferring energy efficiently. Based on the procedure mentioned above, at least 0.58 mJ of electrical energy can be generated by using the laterally oriented strain (1500 to 2500 micro strain). The result of this study is expected to enhance the potential realization of self-generating wireless sensor systems for so-called ??intelligent?? tires.     

SX3400型自卸汽车转向梯形及杆系的设计与计算

为确保汽车转向时各车轮的转向达到纯滚动而无滑动,使各车轮的转角有统一的瞬时转向中心,以SX3400型自卸汽车为例,对其转向梯形及杆系进行设计与计算。结果表明,SX3400型自卸汽车转向系设计合理,既减少了轮胎的磨损,又减轻了转向阻力,提高了汽车的机动性。     

汽车轮胎滚动阻力试验机测试方法分析

为了对汽车轮胎滚动阻力测试方案的可行性进行预先评估,基于检测设备的结构模型,提出了一种运用位移量对轮胎滚动阻力进行仿真分析的新方法。在简述滚动阻力有限元测试模型构建过程的基础上,通过改变轮胎的外部使用参数,分析传感器板在不同工况下位移场的分布情况,制定了设备的测试方案。以传感器的安装位置作为目标检测点,建立轮胎滚动阻力位移场与控制参数之间的关系曲线。最后将采集的数据经过平均滤波处理,与实验室的实测数据进行了趋势性对比。结果表明：采用该测试方法,轮胎滚动阻力随着轮胎负载和速度的增加而增大,随着气压的变大而减小;仿真结果和试验数据在相同工况下的变化趋势基本一致;该测试方法合理、可行。