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斗笠子卵石沙波尺度较大,该河段卵石输移与河床演变特性直接影响下游航道的滩险演变与航道稳定性。采用动床模型试验及实测资料分析的方法,得出斗笠子滩卵石沙波形态、运动规律及对航道的影响。结果表明:斗笠子卵石沙波形态为顺行沙垄,波峰和波谷不固定,运动规律表现出明显的不规则性;卵石沙波在涨水阶段运动剧烈,退水阶段运动平缓,运动规律在前人成果上修正得到;卵石沙波未发生于主航槽,且在进入下游东溪口航槽之前分解消失,对航道无明显影响。 相似文献
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黄河银川段为典型的游荡性平原河流,河床质为细沙,易冲易淤。涉水设施易引起沙质河床泥沙运动规律改变、河床地形发生不可预测的冲淤演变,水流流态紊乱,不利于船舶通过桥区河段,碍航滩险增多,整治难度加大。通过河床演变分析,借助数值模拟技术分析各代表流量下多泥沙桥区河段的水流流态和夹角、涉水建筑阻水率等参数,研究桥区河段的航道整治技术,兼顾对行洪影响,固化航槽,寻求航道整治和行洪等的平衡。结果表明,该航道整治技术使航道整治、行洪与桥梁建设相结合,既可以满足航道通航条件,也可以满足行洪要求,有利于船舶通航和桥梁建设。 相似文献
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Submerged vanes are installed on rivers and channel beds to protect the outer bank bends from scouring. Also, local scouring occurs around the submerged vanes over time, and identifying the effective factors on the scouring phenomena around these submerged vanes is one of the important issues in river engineering. The most important aim of this study is investigation of scour pattern around submerged vanes located in 180° bend experimentally and numerically. Firstly, the effects of various parameters such as the Froude number (Fr), angle of submerged vanes to the flow (α), angle of submerged vane location in the bend (θ), distance between submerged vanes (d), height (H), and length (L) of the vanes on the dimensionless volume of the scour hole were experimentally studied. The submerged vanes were installed on a 180° bend whose central radius and channel width were 2.8 and 0.6 m, respectively. By reducing the Froude number, the scour hole volume decreased. For all Froude numbers, the biggest scour hole formed at θ?=?15°. In all models, by increasing the Froude number, the scour hole volume significantly increases. In addition, by increasing the submerged vanes’ length and height, the scour hole dimensions also grow. Secondly, using gene expression programming (GEP), a relationship for determining the scour hole volume around the submerged vanes was provided. For this model, the determination coefficients (R2) for the training and test modes were computed as 0.91 and 0.9, respectively. In addition, this study performed partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA). According to the results, the PDSA was calculated as positive for all input variables. 相似文献
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《船舶与海洋工程学报》2021,(1)
Temporal evolutions of scour at submerged circular cylinders were investigated. Flow visualization was carried out around the cylinders over plane, under developed and equilibrium scour holes. Video analysis technique was used to formulate the equations for determining the diameter of the horseshoe vortex around the submerged cylinders, which is also verified from the vector diagrams drawn using the velocity measurements. The scour process similar to live bed scour was noticed around the downstream cylinder. The diameter of the horseshoe vortex is found to depend on the diameter of respective cylinder, submergence ratio,spacing between the cylinders and skew angle. This formulation along with the dislodgement and transportation of a single sediment particle is further incorporated in the proposed model for determining the time variation of scour around the submerged cylinders. It is evident from the results that the upstream cylinder shelters the downstream cylinder and thereby reduces the scour at the downstream cylinder. Proposed model is further extended to incorporate the effect of non-uniformity of the sediment particles on the time variation of scour depth. The results indicate significant reduction of scour depth of around 6% and 35% for upstream and downstream cylinders respectively due to the formation of the armor layer. The model is also compared with the local scour component of field data around cylindrical bridge piers to establish the differences in the scour process around a partially submerged cylinder and fully submerged tandem and skewed cylinders. 相似文献
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A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s− 1 and 10 cm s− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects. 相似文献
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Mitsuhisa Ikehata Takeshi Inoue Manabu Ozawa Shinya Matsumoto 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1997,2(2):62-76
To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the
Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and
NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in
a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing
edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction
side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found
in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta
condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but
the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have
been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental
results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous
flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing. 相似文献
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水流夹角对大型、超大型群桩的局部冲刷影响研究至今仍为空白。通过宽水槽试验,对梅花形大型桩群进行了水流夹角对局部冲刷影响的研究,得出不同水流夹角情况下的冲刷形态和由此产生的桩群夹角增深系数。为工程设计及规范中涉及局部冲刷条文的修订提供参考。 相似文献
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掌握灌河口海域泥沙运动规律是开展灌河口航道整治研究的基础。以现场所取泥沙为研究对象,通过大型波浪水槽试验研究灌河口海域泥沙在不同的水深、不同的波周期和波高条件下的悬浮规律。通过静水沉降试验研究灌河口海域泥沙在不同初始浓度、不同水深下的沉降特性。结果表明,在极限波高情况下,水体上部区域含沙量较小,且沿垂线分布变化较小,但水体底部附近含沙量较大,总体上底部含沙量比上部水体含沙量大0.25~0.96 kg m^3;不同水深以及不同初始含沙量情况下,泥沙沉降速度0.08~0.20 cm s,与单颗粒泥沙沉速在同一量级,灌河口海域泥沙絮凝作用较弱。 相似文献
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通过在宽长水槽中进行的单向恒定均匀流作用下,不同桩群、不同流速或不同水深情况下的圆柱桩群局部动床冲刷对比试验研究,分析试验后水槽地形变化的资料发现:圆柱桩群局部冲刷非常复杂,圆柱桩群的存在极大地改变了原有的水沙运动状态,加剧了桩群所在底床泥沙的冲淤。圆柱桩群对其所在底床冲淤影响特性不能只用桩群阻力简单解释,而与圆柱排列形式关系最为密切、影响也最大,水流流速及水深的影响实际通过圆柱桩群对流场改变的性质及程度来反映。 相似文献