杂交有限元网格自动生成方法及其应用

本方法基于坐标变换，按保角映射原理，通过Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程，将实际计算水域变换为规则的矩形域，尔后剖分矩形域，反演出实际水域中的对应网格点，该方法生成网格时，只需给出边界坐标，具有剖分省时、可适应较复杂边界的优点，亦可根据没区域的水流特征，生成不同的有限元网格并可随意进行局部加密。     

长江感潮河段平面二维潮流数值模拟

基于正交曲线网格下的有限体积法,建立河口潮汐的水深平均二维模型,运用Simple算法求解河口潮汐的二维浅水方程。以长江下游江阴水道为计算实例,用"露滩冻结"动边界技术处理方法模拟江阴水道二维潮流场,较好地解决了边滩、浅滩边界随水位的变动问题。实例和验证结果表明:计算的潮位和潮流过程与实测过程吻合较好,计算的流场合理。对计算结果的前后可视化处理,采用AutoCAD的DXF数据接口生成流场和网格图,以便更好地进行直观分析。     

直角域内的结构声辐射特性研究

直角空间域的边界特性影响内部结构的声辐射特性.文章通过引入保角映射取得不同边界特性下直角空间域内声边界元法的格林函数,以此导出相应的声辐射方程.并以脉动球声源的声辐射为例,进行数值分析并对比了直角空间域的边界特性、频率和与边界的距离对声功率和声辐射指向性的影响.     

东江下游航道整治工程数学模型研究方法

通过边界贴体坐标方法将受枢纽和人工挖沙等影响剧烈的东江下游水道水沙变化规律进行数学模拟,解决了方案比选和优化的问题,并对回淤或冲刷情况进行了预测,为初步设计提供依据。     

求解船行波问题的多域边界元法

为求解船行波问题,引入一个虚构的控制面,将船体绕流场分割成内域和外域。在内域配置Rankine源,在外域配置Kelvin源,内外域边界积分方程与控制面连续性条件耦合,构建了基于三维势流理论的多域边界元方法。开发了计算求解程序,以Wigley船为例考察内域大小、网格密度等参数对计算的影响。然后对Wigley和S60船的兴波阻力、航行姿态、船侧波高等进行计算研究,与相关文献及试验数据进行比较,吻合良好。外域Kelvin源能自动满足辐射条件,内域Rankine源能满足实现简单、稳定高效。该方法对船型适用性好,工程实用性强。     

矩形域反平面剪切问题的级数解

利用奇异函数对矩形域反平面剪切问题进行了位移与剪应力分析。主要考虑了局部线性分布载荷的3种形式,给出了矩形域在边界上作用纵向载荷时的级数解答。     

平面二维数学模型计算方法比较——矩形网格与正交曲线网格

本文在ADI法基础上,分别利用矩形网格和正交曲线网格建立平面二维数学模型,利用数值水槽确定两模型计算参数的选取,在数值水槽中放置人工岛模拟河道中常见的分流现象,通过水位、平均流速及分流比来比较两模型的计算结果.     

南黄海辐射沙脊群海域三维水动力数值模拟

基于无规则网格的有限体积海岸海洋模型(FVCOM),建立适用于辐射沙脊群海域的三维潮流数学模型。为了更好地贴合不规则海岸边界,平面采用三角形网格剖分,垂向采用σ坐标进行模拟。结果表明,模型的计算值与观测值吻合良好,较好地反映了研究海域流场的时空分布特征。整个海域流场由南、北两股潮流向弶港辐聚辐散,各深槽流速较大而集中,流向与深槽走向十分一致;弶港以北,表、底层余流方向都是从南到北的沿岸流,南部海域的近岸余流有逆时针的旋转流,近深槽余流大都指向深槽。     

矩形域反平面剪切问题的级数解

利用奇异函矩形域反平面剪切问题进行了位移与剪应力分析。主要考虑了局部线性分布载荷的3种形式，给出了矩形域在边界上作用纵向载荷时的级数解答。     

耦合激励下的液舱晃荡新型数值解法

对于液舱内流体运动的模拟,传统频域边界元方法具有很大的局限性即离散求解方程时会出现奇点问题,同时在交界面处所得速度分布精度较低。而去奇异边界元法将传统做法中直接布置于流体计算域表面节点上的奇点移至计算域外部,很好地解决了奇异性问题。该文基于去奇异边界元法,建立了模拟液舱内流体晃荡问题的流体动力学数值模型,并利用FORTRAN语言开发了可模拟任意尺度液舱晃荡的程序。文中模拟了单向激励和横荡纵荡耦合激励下液舱晃荡问题,并将结果与解析解进行了对比。结果表明,数值解和解析解吻合很好,说明了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

Finite-volume simulation of flows about a ship in maneuvering motion

A finite-volume method of computing the viscous flow field about a ship in maneuvering motion was developed. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equation discretized in the generalized boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is solved numerically. A third-order upwind differencing scheme, a marker and cell (MAC)-type explicit time marching solution algorithm and a simplified subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model are adopted. The simulation method is formulated, including the movement of a computational grid fitted to the body boundary that allows computation of the flow field around a body under unsteady motion. To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the hull is important. Therefore, experimental methods of finding the hydrodynamic forces of a ship in maneuvering motion, such as the oblique towing test, the circular motion test (CMT) and planar motion mechanism (PMM) test, were established. Numerical simulation methods for those captive model experiments were developed introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, numerical methods for steady oblique tow and steady turn simulation were developed and then extended to unsteady forced motion. Simulations were conducted about several realistic hulls, and the results were verified by comparisons with measured results obtained in model experiments. Hydrodynamic forces and the moment, the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamic lateral force, and the pressure distribution on the hull surface showed good agreement.     

三峡下游非恒定流的数值模拟

对三峡坝区下游的黄陵庙至南津关长约28.5 km的河段进行了一维和二维非恒定流数值模拟。文中采用Presimann四点偏心隐式差分求解一维非恒定流,采用正交曲线坐标系下二维水深平均数学模型进行二维非恒定流计算。根据实测资料,由河段上、下游的黄陵庙、南津关(二)水位站测定的水位过程给定水位边界条件,通过河段中的莲沱、石牌、平善坝水位站的实测水位过程以及黄陵庙(陡)水文站实测的流量过程进行模型验证,结果表明一维和二维数模计算出的水位、流量过程与实测值符合良好。由于二维计算时间远大于一维,因此在拟定和优化三峡—葛洲坝联合调峰运行方案时可主要采用一维非恒定流模型,在某些工况下,因通航限制而需要限定局部河段流速时可采用二维非恒定流模型。     

Modeling oil spills in a river—lake system

A general model shell, ROSS3, is developed for simulating oil spills in complex river systems using techniques which have not been previously exploited in oil spill models. ROSS3's new approach has several advantages over the approach to model oil spills in the past: (a) The use of a time-varying boundary-fitted coordinate system that allows accurate accounting for complex river/lake boundary as well as the river boundary changes as its water levels fluctuate; (b) The ability to confine two-dimensional hydrodynamic computations to a limited river reach; (c) The ability to interactively layout the channel networks for setting up the model, define extra cross sections to increase the accuracy if needed, in addition to the traditional data entry and visualization interfaces.ROSS3 is a two-layer two-dimensional oip spill model that can simulate the mechanism of advection, horizontal diffusion, mechanical spreading, shoreline deposition, evaporation, dissolution, vertical mixing, resurfacing and sinking. In ROSS3 spilled oil may be a surface slick or suspended oil droplets, or a combination of both. Both free surface and ice cover conditions can be simulated. The flow of conditions can be varied and the unsteady flow model can be run within ROSS3 to simulate the flow conditions in both the river and the lake. The ice conditions can be added or removed from the model input using easy interactive procedures.     

鲢鱼溪码头建筑物对河道水流影响的数值模拟

采用正交曲线坐标对赤水河鲢鱼溪码头河段计算域进行了坐标拟合,用有限体积法(SIMPLEC程式)对拟合坐标系下的水流基本控制方程进行了离散,在求解过程中采用了欠松弛技术和逐线迭代法。分析了鲢鱼溪码头工程前后河段内水位、比降及水流流速的变化。研究了码头前沿船舶泊稳条件和码头工程建设对洪水位的影响,得出了在赤水河鲢鱼溪弯道凹岸建港可以将岸线适当推向河心的认识。     

枢纽船闸引航道口门区三维水流数值模拟应用研究*

基于平面曲线坐标系、垂向σ坐标系建立了三维水流数学模型。采用控制体积法离散基本方程、交错网格以避免压力的振荡、动水压力校正法进行数值求解。分别采用经典急弯河段水槽试验资料、土谷塘物理模型试验资料对模型进行了验证。验证结果表明,模型能较好地反映弯曲河段三维水流结构特征和船闸引航道口门区的通航水流条件,可为枢纽船闸工程的平面布置方案论证提供技术支撑。     

河床变形计算方法的研究及其工程应用

根据泥沙交换原理,对河床变形计算方法进行了若干改进。采用有限体积法(SIMPLEC程式)对拟合坐标系下的水沙基本控制方程进行了离散,在求解过程中采用了欠松弛技术和逐线迭代法。在北盘江坝油滩河道中对水位、水流流速以及河床冲淤等进行了验证计算及分析。数值实验表明,该模型能正确地模拟天然河道水流以及河床的冲刷、淤积过程。     

绕船体自由面周围三维粘性流场的数值模拟

本文采用有限体积法通过求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了包括兴波的三维船体周围的粘性流场,湍流模式使用了子网格尺度模式(SGS)和Baldwin-Lomax模式相结合的混合模式.对于自由表面的处理,采用了任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法,网格为不仅与物体表面贴体,而且与自由表面贴体的动网格,即随着自由表面的变化要不断地重新划分网格.虽然此方法需要很长的计算时间,但能较好地描述船体的兴波情况.本文计算了系列60船模在Fn=0.316,Re=1.9×106时带自由面的粘性流场,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.，An finite - volume method solving of incompressible RANS Equations is developed for the numeri-cal simulation of three - dimensional viscous flow with free - surface about a ship. A hybrid turbulence mod-el by combining the sub - grid scale (SGS) model and the Baldwin- Lomax model is used in this pa-per. The arbitrary - Lagrange - Euler formulation is devised for the treatment of free surface boundary condi-tion. The boundary - fitted coordinate system is fitted not only to the ship hull surface but also to the freesurface, so the computational grid is regenerated to follow the free surface deformation. Although this methodneeds spend much longer computational time, but it can fairly display wave pattern made by a ship. The nu-merical simulation has been carried out for viscous flow with free surface past Series 60 ship hull at Fn =0. 316, Re = 1.9 × 106. The computed results are in reasonable agreement with experimental measure-ments.     

安康枢纽回水变动区航道整治数学模型研究

安康枢纽回水变动区河段的通航水流条件既受上游石泉枢纽日调节影响,又受下游安康枢纽水库调度的影响。河道水流既有山区河流滩险水流特性,又有库区河道水流特点。同时,该河段为连续急流弯道段,研究难度大。文中采用平面二维水流数学模型的技术手段,研究回水变动区河段滩险整治工程方案。针对天然河道边界复杂等特点,研究采用正交贴体网格。在此基础上建立了平面二维水流数学模型。采用有限体积法对平面二维水流控制方程进行了离散。对安康枢纽回水变动区天然情况下的水位、比降及水流流速等进行了验证计算及分析,验证结果表明,所采用的数学模型和计算方法能够准确模拟枢纽回水变动区的水流运动特性。根据河段的河道特性、河床演变特点及碍航特点,提出了航道整治原则。在上述整治原则的基础上,对安康枢纽回水变动区河段滩险整治方案效果进行了计算分析,并提出了能够达到设计航道尺度的整治工程方案。     

Time-domain TEBEM method for mean drift force and moment of ships with forward speed under the oblique seas

A numerical method for solving 3D unsteady potential flow problem of ship advancing in waves is put forward. The flow field is divided into an inner and an outer domain by introducing an artificial matching surface. The inner domain is surrounded by ship wetted surface and matching surface as well as part of the free surface. The free surface condition for the inner domain is formulated by perturbation about the double-body flow or uniform incoming flow assumption. The outer domain is surrounded by matching surface and the rest free surface as well as infinite far-field radiation boundary. The free surface condition for the outer domain is formulated by perturbation about uniform incoming flow. The simple Green function and transient free surface Green function are used to form the boundary integral equation (BIE) for the inner and outer domains, respectively. Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM) is utilized to solve the double-body flow and inner domain and outer domain unsteady flow BIE. Matching conditions for the inner domain flow and outer domain flow are enforced by the continuity of velocity potential and normal velocity on the matching surface. Direct pressure integration on ship wetted surface is used to obtain the first-order and second-order wave forces (moments). The numerical predictions on the displacement, added resistance, sway mean drift force and yaw mean drift moment of the modified KVLCC2 ship at different forward speeds are investigated by the proposed TEBEM method. It is also compared with the other numerical results. The physical tank experiment results are also developed to validate the accuracy of numerical tank results. Compared with the experiment solutions, a good agreement can be obtained by TEBEM method.