异形管道的危险区域的判定与分析

为保证特殊压力管道的安全运行,针对使用20年以上的异形压力管道提出了一种检验方法,通过壁厚测定和硬度测量确定了材质的基本情况;基于有限元法进行了危险区域的分析和判断;利用声发射检测来对危险区域进行实时检测和分析。结果表明：通过此方法不仅可判断危险区域的可靠性和安全性,解决了复杂管道的安全使用问题,也为复杂管道检验提供了参考。     

工业管道声发射信号衰减测试及定位分析

简述了工业管道输送流体流动特性,以及声发射技术在管道检测中的应用。采用手持式声发射检测仪器配合不同频率传感器对在役工业管道进行检测,研究焊接有三通、法兰、阀门等外接接口的不规则管道的定位特征,对比分析规则管道与焊有外接接口的不规则管道衰减特征区别,通过对现场数据的分析,得到管道损伤定位与传播声速之间的相互关系以及不同传播速度条件下产生的定位误差,综合分析误差产生原因,作为对现场检测的经验。     

声发射检测技术在管道气压强度试验中的应用研究

声发射检测技术在工艺管道气压强度试验中的应用，能有效避免人员近距离检查存在的气体膨胀爆炸造成的安全风险。文中分析了声发射检测技术工作原理及处理模块主要功能；研究了声发射标准管道压力增长曲线及新安装管线增压要求。通过声发射系统在阿穆尔天然气加工厂某条管线回路中的应用，分析了传感器安装和几何布置、信号数据处理及定位要求。研究了信号衰减、降噪措施及定位方式对声源信号检测准确性的影响，为声发射检测技术在管道气压强度试验中的应用提供借鉴。     

10000 m~3丁烷球罐施工质量控制措施

以10 000 m~3丁烷球罐监造实践为例,列出了该大型球罐在施工过程中存在的球罐球壳板组装、焊接和无损检测等方面的难点。为了解决上述难点,在球罐施工过程中采取了一系列的相应质量控制措施。施工现场的应用与实践证明,采用该系列质量控制措施可以有效解决球罐在施工过程中存在的上述难点,说明该质量控制措施可以为相关大型球罐施工提供参考。     

立式储罐底板缺陷声学在线综合检测技术应用

针对立式储罐在长期服役过程中底板容易频繁出现腐蚀的情况,根据声发射源传播特性、检测效率高以及超声平板导波检测精度高、定位、定量分析等特点提出一种声学在线综合检测技术,实现2种检测技术的互补和综合应用。对立式储罐底板缺陷快速准确的定性、定量和评价,通过现场试验验证该在线综合检测方法的有效性,为储罐的安全维护提供技术保障。     

在役风险管道检测与评价技术在湖田管线的应用

目前,在役老管道存在防腐层老化、管体腐蚀等问题,急需对在役风险管道进行检测和安全评价。文中以湖田输气站至烯烃厂天然气管线为实例,提出了管道完整性检测技术与安全评价方法,确定管道的现状,并提出相应措施及建议,保障管道安全运行。     

电梯检验检测工作及检测现场的安全管理

在电梯安全使用过程中,检验检测是不可缺少的一项重要工作。检验检测工作不仅能有效检验电梯的安全性,同时也能够在一定程度上提高电梯的整体性能,为电梯使用过程中的安全运行提供重要保障。但是,在实际的检验检测过程中,还会受到外界因素和人为因素等各方面因素的影响,导致电梯检验检测工作进行时出现各种问题和隐患。所以必须采取相应措施及时处理这些问题,为电梯检验检测工作提供良好的技术支持。因此本文就针对这些问题进行深入分析,希望能够为我国电梯检验检测工作提供一定借鉴。     

基于网络模型的钢轨裂纹检测方法研究

文章针对钢轨裂纹声发射信号特性人工提取效率低的问题,应用CNN与BiLSTM手段进行钢轨裂纹声发射信号提取的研究,通过预处理采集的实际钢轨裂纹声发射信号,对其特征信息进行提取及分类,分别构建基于一维CNN、二维CNN钢轨裂纹检测模型,证明前者效果优于后者。根据钢轨裂纹信号拥有时序的特性,构建不同递归网络钢轨裂纹检测模型,并对比RNN与LSTM模型检测钢轨裂纹的性能,优化BiLSTM钢轨裂纹检测模型的方法证明能够应用于钢轨裂纹的检测。     

基于声发射技术的管道泄漏检测与定位方法研究

为提高管道无损检测中对小孔径泄漏检测灵敏度、泄漏信号判别准确率以及泄漏点定位精确度,提出一种基于声发射技术并结合信号频域特征提取算法的管道泄漏识别和定位方法。设计管道泄漏检测实验平台进行管道泄漏检测实验,采用经验模态分解方法和小波分解重构相结合的信号处理算法进行降噪并提取信号频域特征,研究不同孔径和不同管道压力下管道泄漏检测和泄漏点定位问题。验证了基于声发射技术并结合信号频域特征提取算法的管道泄漏检测方法的有效性。     

打磨深度对在役管道受力状态的影响

在役管道超声波检测前,通常需要对管道表面进行一定量的打磨,以提高声耦合效果.文中基于ANSYS有限元分析和实验验证的方法,对管道在不同打磨程度下的在役受力情况进行了模拟、分析和验证,以研究打磨行为对在役管道受力状态的影响.研究结果表明:将打磨深度控制在一定范围内时,既能满足声耦合需求,又不会对管道的安全运行造成威胁.     

渣油罐拱顶失稳分析

利用外压失稳理论分析了某厂5 000 m3渣油罐拱顶失稳原因,为罐内负压超过稳定许用临界荷载,致使罐顶失稳变形,指出应加强油罐呼吸阀及阻火器的管理,建议应及时检修油罐及附件,合理安排使用油罐,确保油罐安全。     

液氨储罐角焊缝在线相控阵检验技术

文中针对液氨储罐定期检验不开罐的特点,通过对相控阵超声成像检测技术的研究,设计了4块角焊缝试板,共8处裂纹缺陷,通过设定检测参数,确定了实验参数和检测方案,检测出了预制的8处裂纹,并与DR检测成像进了比对,得到了较好的检测效果,对于将超声相控阵检验技术用于实际检测具有借鉴意义。     

货运车型标准化专项治理管理系统设计与实现

货运车型标准化是国家运输行业结构调整及货运行业提质增效发展的重要工作手段与目标。从货运车型标准化转型治理工作的功能需求出发,以正在开展的常压液体危险货物罐车治理工作为基础,本文设计并实现了基于SSM架构的货运车型标准化专项治理管理系统。危险货物道路运输企业在系统中申报罐车信息,罐车检验机构基于车辆识别代码上传罐检报告,道路运输管理机构通过对罐车信息及关键报告进行审核,给予审核结果及意见。     

LNG储罐罐壁工程质量缺陷及控制措施

LNG储罐是LNG接收站中关键的设备之一,其工程质量非常重要。为使罐壁施工质量达到良好状态,可事先采用施工用的混凝土、钢筋和DOKA模板等施工材料建造小段试验墙,根据这段试验墙可以提前发现工程可能出现的缺陷,这些缺陷包括模板错缝、预埋件凹陷、混凝土表面局部气孔麻面、墙体裂缝、漏浆及混凝土表面色差等,对这些缺陷产生的原因进行分析并采取相应的控制措施,以确保罐壁施工顺利且高质量进行。     

输气管道内检测器模型试验系统的设计

管道内检测器是用来检测油气管道内部缺陷的智能检测系统。为了研究内检测器在输气管道内的运移规律,按照相似理论设计了输气管道内检测器的模型试验系统,包括系统的工作原理、外形结构,试验管道、气源装置和传感器的选择,以及基于VB的试验监测采集系统。试验系统成功应用于管道内检测器的模型试验,可有效采集模型的位移和输气压力的变化,为长输天然气管道内检测器的研制增加了一种有效的试验手段。     

贵阳岩溶地层地铁盾构隧道工程中新型球状碳化钨刀具的研究与应用北大核心CSCD

在贵阳轨道交通3号线盾构隧道施工中,采用普通刀具易出现滚刀多边形磨损、偏磨、刀刃崩裂等异常磨损和刀圈脱落现象。为改进滚刀刀圈的耐磨、耐冲击性能,提高刀具的综合寿命,提出采用球状碳化钨刀具替换普通刀具,并介绍了激光熔覆焊工艺以及宏观磨损检测工艺。经过施工现场的实际应用,发现球状碳化钨刀具具有更好的耐磨性,新型球状碳化钨刀具平均磨损量为0.00255 mm/延米,相邻普通刀具平均磨损量为0.01655 mm/延米。在第338~736环掘进中,新型球状碳化钨刀具最大磨损量为0.015 mm/延米,刀具无崩刃现象,滚刀轴承、密封等均无异常,有效解决了普通刀具易磨损、磨损不均的问题,为喀斯特地质条件下盾构刀具的选型提供参考。     

A study of economic efficiency in port security inspection

The purpose of this paper is to study an economic efficiency for the prediction of additional truck turnaround time and for determining the number of the port security inspection equipment required at a terminal inspection station. The economic efficiency with six base models was developed to assist terminal operators' decision‐making. In addition, this study developed an optimal procedure that terminal operators could use to optimally run in terms of various statistics processes including exponential, deterministic, and others, seeking a solution that was beneficial for both terminal operators and truckers. As a result of this research of the additional cargo turnaround time for port security delay, the following conclusion can be drawn and made. The average additional delay time in the inspection station is very dependent on the inspection rate of the lower stage. The higher weighted inspection time based on raising security level allows less number of trucks to be inspected, which will derive high delay in the inspection station. Increase of rate of Green Lane usage will allow a decrease in the arrival rate, which may derive improvement of inspection equipment efficiency and average delay time at the inspection station. In multiple stage model, total number of trucks and delay time very closely follow those of low inspection stage rate and number of inspection units. Free Lane is to be followed by Customs‐Trade Partnership Against Terrorism and standardization of customs, packing, loading and unloading, documents, procedure, and exchange working in each country. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型浮顶罐抗风研究现状与分析

大型金属储罐易遭受风灾破坏,有必要对储罐的抗风稳定性进行深入研究。文中介绍了研究风压在储罐上分布的风洞试验方法和数值模拟方法,分析了二者的优缺点和研究现状。介绍了用来研究储罐在风荷载作用下稳定性的风致屈曲分析方法。比较了2种常用有限元软件(ABAQUS和ANSYS)的特点及适用条件,为储罐的抗风设计提供参考。     

Are vehicle emission inspection programs living up to expectations?

To ensure that the advanced emission control systems installed on modern motor vehicles continue to work properly, motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs are now found in the major cities of many countries around the world. These programs are widely regarded as valuable and even essential to the achievement of air quality objectives, but there have been few ex post audits of these programs. In this paper, we examine the performance of one of the most sophisticated I/M programs, the USEPA’s Enhanced I/M Program. This program has now been implemented in five states. Using data from 1995 and 1996, we estimate the cost of the Arizona Enhanced I/M Program and the emission reductions achieved. We begin by enumerating briefly the components of I/M costs and discuss their size and incidence. Then we describe the empirical information from Arizona and how we use it to construct cost estimates for both vehicle inspection and repair of failing vehicles. Inspection costs include the costs of operating the test stations and the costs motorists incur in time and money to get to the station and go through the testing process. We find that the inspection costs account for over two-thirds of the full costs of I/M, while costs associated with actual vehicle repair account for only one-third. We conclude by comparing the empirical estimates of costs and program effectiveness in the Arizona program with the ex ante estimated Enhanced I/M program costs made by the EPA in the 1992 Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). The ex ante EPA analysis appears to have underestimated the costs of achieving the ambitious reductions in emissions hoped for under I/M.     

Transit stop inspection and maintenance scheduling: A GPU accelerated metaheuristics approach

Bus stops are integral elements of a transit system and as such, their efficient inspection and maintenance is required, for proper and attractive transit operations. Nevertheless, spatial dispersion and the extensive number of bus stops, even for mid-size transit systems, complicates scheduling of inspection and maintenance tasks. In this context, the problem of scheduling transit stop inspection and maintenance activities (TSIMP) by a two-stage optimization approach, is formulated and discussed. In particular, the first stage involves districting of the bus stop locations into areas of responsibility for different inspection and maintenance crews (IMCs), while in the second stage, determination of the sequence of bus stops to be visited by an IMC is modelled as a vehicle routing problem. Given the complexity of proposed optimization models, advanced versions of different metaheuristic algorithms (Harmony Search and Ant Colony Optimization) are exploited and assessed as possible options for solving these models. Furthermore, two variants of ACO are implemented herein; one implemented into a CPU parallel computing environment along with an accelerated one by means of general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) computing. The model and algorithms are applied to the Athens (Greece) bus system, whose extensive number of transit stops (over 7500) offers a real-world test bed for assessing the potential of the proposed modelling approach and solution algorithms. As it was shown for the test example examined, both algorithms managed to achieve optimized solutions for the problem at hand while there were fund robust with respect to their algorithmic parameters. Furthermore, the use of graphics processing units (GPU) managed to reduce of computational time required.