一种改进的海洋平台结构损伤诊断方法研究(英文)

In the exploitation of ocean oil and gas, many offshore structures may be damaged due to the severe environment, so an effective method of diagnosing structural damage is urgently needed to locate the damage and evaluate its severity. Genetic algorithms have become some of the most important global optimization tools and been widely used in many fields in recent years because of their simple operation and strong robustness. Based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, the damage diagnosis of a jacket offshore platform is attributed to an optimization problem and studied by using a genetic algorithm. According to the principle that the structural stiffness of a certain direction can be greatly affected only when the brace bar in the corresponding direction is damaged, an improved objective function was proposed in this paper targeting measurement noise and the characteristics of modal identification for offshore platforms. This function can be used as fitness function of a genetic algorithm, and both numerical simulation and physical model test results show that the improved method may locate the structural damage and evaluate the severity of a jacket offshore platform satisfactorily while improving the robustness of evolutionary searching and the reliability of damage diagnosis.     

Mode transitions in vortex-induced vibrations of a flexible pipe near plane boundary

A pipe model with a mass ratio（mass/displaced mass） of 4.30 was tested to investigate the vortex-induced vibrations of submarine pipeline spans near the seabed.The pipe model was designed as a bending stiffness-dominated beam.The gap ratios（gap to diameter ratio） at the pipe ends were 4.0,6.0,and 8.0.The flow velocity was systematically varied in the 0-16.71 nondimensional velocity range based on the first natural frequency.The mode transition between the first and the second mode as the flow velocity increases was investigated.At various transition flow velocities,the research indicates that the peak frequencies with respect to displacement are not identical along the pipe,nor the frequencies associated with the peak of the amplitude spectra for the first four modes as well.The mode transition is associated with a continuous change in the amplitude,but there＇s a jump in frequency,and a gradual process along the pipe length.     

质量比对于柔性圆柱体流激振动的影响（英文）

The effect of the mass ratio on the flow-induced vibration(FIV) of a flexible circular cylinder is experimentally investigated in a towing tank. A Tygon tube with outer and inner diameters of 7.9 mm and 4.8 mm, respectively, was employed for the study. The tube was connected to a carriage and towed from rest to a steady speed up to 1.6 m/s before slowing down to rest again over a distance of 1.6 m in still water. Reynolds number based on the cylinder's outer diameter was 800–13,000, and the reduced velocity(velocity normalized by the cylinder's natural frequency and outer diameter) spanned from 2 to 25. When connected, the cylinder was elongated from 420 mm to 460 mm under an axial pre-tension of 11 N. Based on the cylinder's elongated length, the aspect ratio(ratio of the cylinder's length to outer diameter) was calculated as 58. Three mass ratios(ratio of the cylinder's structural mass to displaced fluid mass, m*) of 0.7, 1.0, and 3.4 were determined by filling the cylinder's interior with air, water, and alloy powder(nickel-chromium-boron matrix alloy), respectively. An optical method was adopted for response measurements. Multi-frequency vibrations were observed in both in-line(IL) and cross-flow(CF) responses; at high Reynolds number, vibration modes up to the 3rd one were identified in the CF response. The mode transition was found to occur at a lower reduced velocity for the highest tested mass ratio. The vibration amplitude and frequency were quantified and expressed with respect to the reduced velocity. A significant reduced vibration amplitude was found in the IL response with increasing mass ratios, and only initial and upper branches existed in the IL and CF response amplitudes. The normalized response frequencies were revealed to linearly increase with respect to the reduced velocity, and slopes for linear relations were found to be identical for the three cases tested.     

Research on the fragment impact resistance of a composite mast

Due to the unique structural mode and material property of a composite sandwich plate, related research such as fragment impact resistance of a composite mast is short of publication and urgent in this field. In this paper, the commonly accepted sandwich core board theory was modified. Damage caused by a fragment attack was simulated onto a sandwich plate model built with solid and shell elements. It was shown that shear failure and vast matrix cracking are the main reasons for outer coat damage, and tension failure and partial matrix cracking are the cause for inner coat damage. Additionally, according to complexities in actual sea battles, different work conditions of missile attacks were set. Ballistic limit values of different fragment sizes were also obtained, which provides references for enhancing the fragment impact resistance of a composite mast.     

Detecting damage to offshore platform structures using the time-domain data

A new method that uses time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage to the structural elements of offshore platforms. In our study, a time series model with a fitting order was first constructed using the time-domain of noise data. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of structural elements was then obtained based on time-domain response data. Locations and severity of damage may then be estimated by solving the damage vector whose components express the degrees of damage to the structural elements. A unique aspect of this detection method is that it requires acceleration history data from only one or a few sensors. This makes it feasible for a limited array of sensors to obtain sufficient data. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to a simplified offshore platform with damage to one element. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors＇ acceleration history data, when compared with recorded levels of noise, is capable of detecting damage efficiently. An increase in the number of sensors helps improve the diagnosis success rate.     

Interaction of two-dimensional impulsively started airfoils

Continuous vortieity panels were used to model general unsteady inviscid, incompressible, two-dimensional flows. The geometry of the airfoil was approximated by series of short straight segments having endpoints that lie on the actual surface. A piecewise linear, continuous distribution of vorticity over the airfoil surface was used to generate disturbance flow. The no-penetration condition was imposed at the midpoint of each segment and at discrete times. The wake was simulated by a system of point vortices, which moved at local fluid velocity. At each time step, a new wake panel with uniform vortieity distribution was attached to the trailing edge, and the condition of constant circulation around the airfoil and wake was imposed. A new expression for Kutta condition was developed to study the interference effect between two impulsively started NACA0012 airfoils. The tandem arrangement was found to he the most effective to enhance the lift of the rear airfoil. The interference effect between tidal turbine blades was shown clearly.     

Resistance analysis of unsymmetrical trimaran model with outboard sidehulls configuration

The application of multi-hull ship or trimaran vessel as a mode of transports in both river and sea environments have grown rapidly in recent years.Trimaran vessels are currently of interest for many new high speed ship projects due to the high levels of hydrodynamic efficiency that can be achieved,compared to the mono-hull and catamaran hull forms.The purpose of this study is to identify the possible effects of using an unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with configuration（S/L） 0.1-0.3 and R/L=0.1-0.2.Unsymmetrical trimaran ship model with main dimensions： L=2000mm,B=200 mm and T=45 mm.Experimental methods（towing tank） were performed in the study using speed variations at Froude number 0.1-0.6.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was measured precisely by using a load cell transducer.The comparison of ship resistance for each configuration with mono-hull was shown on the graph as a function of the total resistance coefficient and Froude number.The test results found that the effective drag reduction could be achieved up to 17% at Fr=0.35 with configuration S/L=0.1.     

Crack detection using a frequency response function in offshore platforms

Structural cracks can change the frequency response function (FRF) of an offshore platform. Thus, FRF shifts can be used to detect cracks. When a crack at a specific location and magnitude occurs in an offshore structure, changes in the FRF can be measured. In this way, shifts in FRF can be used to detect cracks. An experimental model was constructed to verify the FRF method. The relationship between FRF and cracks was found to be non-linear. The effect of multiple cracks on FRF was analyzed, and the shift due to multiple cracks was found to be much more than the summation of FRF shifts due to each of the cracks. Then the effects of noise and changes in the mass of the jacket on FRF were evaluated. The results show that significant damage to a beam can be detected by dramatic changes in the FRF, even when 10% random noise exists. FRF can also be used to approximately locate the breakage, but it can neither be efficiently used to predict the location of breakage nor the existence of small hairline cracks. The FRF shift caused by a 7% mass change is much less than the FRF shift caused by the breakage of any beam, but is larger than that caused by any early cracks.     

3D numerical modeling of wave forces on tandem fixed cylinders using the BEM

In this paper a 3D numerical model was developed to study the complicated interaction between waves and a set of tandem fixed cylinders.The fluid was considered to be inviscid and irrotational.Therefore,the Helmholtz equation was used as a governing equation.The boundary element method（BEM） was adopted to discretize the relevant equations.Open boundaries were used in far fields of the study domain.Linear waves were generated and propagated towards tandem fixed cylinders to estimate the forces applied on them.Special attention was paid to consideration of the effect on varying non-dimensional cylinder radius and distance between cylinders,ka and kd on forces and trapped modes.The middle cylinder wave forces and trapped modes in a set of nine tandem cylinders were validated utilizing analytical data.The comparisons confirm the accuracy of the model.The results of the inline wave force estimation on n tandem cylinders show that the critical cylinder in the row is the middle one for odd numbers of cylinders.Furthermore the results show that the critical trapped mode effect occurs for normalized cylinder radiuses close to 0.5 and 1.0.Finally the force estimation for n tandem cylinders confirms that force amplitude of the middle cylinder versus normalized separation distance fluctuates about that of a single cylinder.     

Numerical calculation of coupled damage effects on ship subjected to internal blast loading of warhead北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This paper studies the coupled damage effects of a ship's structure due to the internal blast loading of a warhead. ［Methods］Blast tests with cased charge data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the coupled SPH-FEM approach, and numerical calculations are then performed on real ship compartment scale model tests to analyze the coupled fragmentation and shockwave damage effects of an explosion in a confined cabin.［Results］The results show that the fragments caused by the detonation of the warhead will first cause local damage to the cabin structure. The shockwave will exacerbate the local damage, and blasted openings will further increase the space for the propagation and diffusion of the shockwave inside the chamber, which will in turn cause damage to the adjacent structures. The simple equivalence of the warhead to a bare charge does not give a true picture of the effect of the warhead on the ship's structure, and fragmentation plays a significant role in the detonation of the warhead.［Conclusions］The results of this study show that employing the coupled SPH-FEM numerical method to calculate the coupling damage effects on a ship's structure can accurately reproduce the warhead damage pattern in tests, thereby providing support for the improved assessment of the damage of naval structures under warhead detonation. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

多元结构损伤识别的曲率模态分析及数值仿真

应用改进的曲率模态分析方法对具有多处结构损伤的简支梁结构进行了损伤识别,通过数值计算得到了简支梁的曲率模态,由此结果可以确定出损伤单元及位置.由于曲率模态法对结构损伤的识别不敏感,所以文中提出了曲率模态差这一新的概念,思想是通过对曲率模态差的突变研究来判定损伤结构中损伤单元的位置.通过算例分析,其识别效果明显优于曲率模态法.     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

On the use of the autocorrelation function to identify the damage in the side shell of a ship''s hull

When structural damage occurs, the dynamic characteristics of the structure changes correspondingly. This can be used to detect damage occurrence. In this paper, an autocorrelation function was utilized to identify damage in the side shell of ship structures using a combination of experimental and numerical studies. A stiffened plate was used to model the side shell of a ship structure. The damage was simulated by a cut in the longitudinal near the transverse member. The cut was made using a hacksaw. An experimental study using modal testing methods was carried out to measure the random response time history of the undamaged and damaged stiffened plate model. The random response time history was used to obtain its autocorrelation function and its random decrement signature. The autocorrelation function was then compared with the random decrement signature. Finite element models were developed for the stiffened plate, in the undamaged and damaged conditions. The random responses of the model were used to obtain the autocorrelation functions. The autocorrelation functions obtained numerically were compared to the ones obtained experimentally. The results indicate that the autocorrelation functions can be used to identify the occurrence of damage in the stiffened plate model.     

舰艇受损舱室的破损模式识别算法

为了方便舰员准确地判断破损进水的舱室,建立仅依赖舰艇姿态信号进行舱室破损模式识别的算法。使用宽度优先搜索以及回溯查找,建立舱室破损模式空间集的生成算法;依据信息熵理论建立识别属性集的权重计算模型;使用基于“垂面距离”的逼近理想解排序法,建立舱室破损模式识别算法。对某船模的破损模式识别进行实船计算,计算结果表明该识别算法准确、客观。     

基于量子天牛群算法的高桩码头横向排架结构损伤识别

针对高桩码头损伤识别问题,引入量子行为优化天牛群(BSO)算法,利用结构模态参数(固有频率和振型)的差别构造目标函数,提出了一种基于量子天牛群(QBSO)算法的损伤识别方法。采用所提方法对一高桩码头模型单直桩、单叉桩的单损伤,双直桩、双叉桩、直桩+叉桩的双损伤进行了计算,并与天牛群(BSO)算法与粒子群(PSO)算法进行对比;对振型添加噪声后单叉桩的单损伤进行了计算。结果表明:所提方法计算效率高、收敛速度快,具有较强的稳定性和抗噪性,能够快速精准地识别出损伤位置与损伤程度。     

水下爆炸载荷作用下舰船总体毁伤模式研究

建立舰船三维有限元模型,采用数值仿真方法计算舰船总体在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动响应,讨论船体主要构件破坏模式以及舰船鞭状运动对船体总纵强度的影响,总结舰船总体在冲击波阶段与气泡脉动阶段舰船毁伤模式及规律。     

环境激励下自升式海洋平台损伤诊断

为探究适用于海洋平台结构的有效损伤诊断方法,针对某自升式平台的比例模型开展环境激励下损伤诊断试验研究。分别采用频域法中的增强频域分解法和时域法中的随机子空间法处理测试数据,提取前三阶的固有频率、振型和阻尼比等模态参数,并结合频率和振型识别结果计算节点柔度矩阵。通过分析平台模型模态参数和节点柔度矩阵的变化率,识别预先设置的结构损伤。试验结果表明,两种模态识别方法均能有效识别环境激励下的平台模型模态参数,其中利用固有频率变化率能够有效判断结构是否产生损伤,利用振型和柔度矩阵的变化率能够实现损伤的准确定位。     

战斗部舱内爆炸对舱室结构毁伤的实验研究

为探讨舰船抗爆抗穿甲防护结构设计,利用导弹模拟战斗部进行了舱室内部爆炸模型试验,研究内爆条件下高速破片和爆炸冲击波对舱室结构的联合毁伤效应,分析舱内爆炸环境下舱室板架结构的典型破坏模式.结果表明:模拟战斗部内爆载荷作用下舱室结构的整体变形以冲击波破坏为主;战斗部破片对舱壁板架产生侵彻穿孔破坏,并在近爆区板架上形成了破口密集区域;单个破口对舱室整体结构破坏影响不大,而密集破口区在后续冲击波作用下会发生撕裂,形成大破口,影响舱室整体结构性能.该研究结果,可用于指导舰船防护结构的设计.     

含损伤结构静力和动力特性的有限元分析

由于海洋特殊环境的影响,船舶与海洋结构物容易受到腐蚀和疲劳等影响,造成结构的局部刚度弱化损伤,本文探讨了船舶常用加筋板结构在不同刚度弱化情况下结构的静力和动力特性变化,并推导了加筋板结构在正交各向异性损伤情况下的有限元列式.对于正交各向异性损伤,采用Kachanov理论,引人了x和y两个方向的损伤系数,并将损伤而形成的各向异性材料的各力学参数通过损伤系数与各向同性材料各参数相关联.本文将损伤参数分为损伤位置、损伤程度和损伤面积三个方面,并分别分析了它们对结构应力、结构固有频率和模态形状的影响.结果表明损伤位置对结构模态和结构应力的分布影响显著,在损伤区域和损伤程度均较小的情况下,距离损伤区域较远部位的应力分布和振型状态均无明显变化.本文建立的方法可以应用到船舶与海洋结构受损强度分析中.     

海底多段悬跨管道涡激振动特性分析

深海海底多跨管道相比于单跨,其涡激振动行为却更为复杂。文章考虑了两端跨肩和中间支撑处的管—土作用边界条件,提出了多跨管道涡激振动预报模型,标定了模型参数,并重点分析了跨肩边界条件、中间支撑条件和悬跨长度对管道涡激振动特性的影响。结果表明:较大的两端边界处扭转弹簧弹性系数、较大的中间支撑处扭转和拉伸弹簧弹性系数和较短的悬跨长度,会限制管道结构高阶模态的激发,同时还发现了振动能量会在相邻管跨之间传递的现象。