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汽车车窗要为驾驶员及乘员提供清晰的视野,防止异物的侵入,并要保护乘员免受伤害。因而车窗玻璃在光学性能、机械强度、环境稳定性(如耐日光、温度及湿度的变化等)和耐久性方面的要求有严格的安全规范。玻璃材料是目前车窗外侧唯一适宜的材料。 目前,汽车风窗玻璃已普遍应用区域钢化玻璃及夹层玻璃,而轿车则全部采用夹层玻璃。1910年,美国特立 相似文献
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含有标准聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)中间膜的安全玻璃,拥有优于钢化玻璃的隔音性能,已被大量应用于汽车风窗玻璃。标准PVB中间膜并非专为振动噪声(NVH)而设计,通过对影响标准夹层玻璃的隔音性能和实际降噪能力等因素的研究,促进了隔音级别的PVB中间膜的发展。 相似文献
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汽车行人保护碰撞性能是国家与各大整车企业的重点研究对象,风挡玻璃的研究对其结果起着重要作用。基于PAMCRASH软件,文章提出一种新型的PVB夹层玻璃建模方式并定义了行人保护计算中应用实施的流程。首先建立应变能密度模型,采用延迟断裂算法定义玻璃单元的失效。采用PAMCRASH模拟行人保护过程,与传统风挡玻璃建模方法和试验结果对比,确认新型夹层玻璃建模方法的精度更高,能够更好地复现风挡玻璃的特性。 相似文献
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随着客车技术的渐渐成熟,人们对客车的安全系数有了越来越高的要求。尤其对于在公路上高速行驶的客车来说,安全因素是考虑的首要因素。以下针对客车前风挡玻璃在高速行驶,紧急制动情况下受力状态加以阐明。 相似文献
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乘用车通风盖板在整车通风、排水、美观上起着重要作用,因其与前风挡玻璃、翼子板、发动机舱零部件相互配合,结构设计非常复杂,这就需要研发工程师要充分考虑通风盖板开发过程中的设计要求、法规要求、结构限制以及工艺要求和材料选择等因素,本文从通风盖板断面设计入手,重点介绍了通风盖板与对手件配合的断面设计要求。 相似文献
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夹层玻璃冲击破坏行为的高精度和高效率仿真分析是汽车行人保护法规评价的重要基础。建立了夹层玻璃板辐射状网格的六面体单元有限元模型,采用ABAQUS软件中的固有内聚力模型描述冲击破坏过程中的裂纹发生和扩展现象,仿真得到的玻璃板裂纹及落锤加速度时间历程曲线与试验结果一致性良好,验证了仿真方法及模型的有效性。考虑了不同单元类型、不同网格分布形式对夹层玻璃冲击破坏仿真精度和计算效率的影响。 相似文献
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S. -J. Park S. -W. Chae E. -S. Kim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(3):441-445
Neck fracture is a major cause of death in traffic accidents. This pattern of injury normally occurs in a frontal collision
or overturn of a vehicle. This study investigates the case of a neck fracture from a low-speed collision. In the examined
case, the passenger in the front seat of the car fractured his neck and died. He did not have his seatbelt on when the vehicle
slipped on a frozen road surface on a downward slope of a hill and impacted into the shoulder of the road at low speed. In
this type of collision, an occupant’s body will be impacted by the windshield or other interior trim of the car. However,
in this case, rather unusually, neither body tissue nor fiber remained although the collision involved a broken windshield.
Thus, the reason for the passenger death was unidentified. This study applied the computer simulation package Madymo for analyzing
the accident. The result of the simulation was that the passenger, who did not wear a seatbelt, moved forward due to inertia.
The upper part of the passenger then rotated and lifted when the knee contacted with the dashboard. By evaluating the structural
deformation of the vehicle at the front, we deduced that the collision velocity was 30 km/h. Through a computational experiment
that was undertaken using Madymo 7.0, NIC was estimated to be 240 m2/s2. This result far exceeded the threshold for neck injuries. In particular, in comparison with whiplash injuries, when the
passenger’s head directly impacts the roof following a rear-end collision, the bending moment through hyperextension of the
neck is greatly increased. In this study, we concluded that the manner of death was the hyperextension of the neck, as the
passenger’s head contacted the roof from underneath. 相似文献
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汽车风挡玻璃作为重要的外饰功能零件,其周边的尺寸匹配是评价整车外观质量的重要指标.风挡玻璃在安装过程中受拍击易产生变形,进而影响玻璃与周边零件外观尺寸配合质量.文章介绍了用CAE软件仿真后举门玻璃安装变形情况;通过研究安装过程中的拍击力(动载)转化为CAE模型特定位置等效持续力(静载)的方法,建立了风挡玻璃受力CAE模... 相似文献
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大型载货汽车被动安全性的特点及改进措施 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
大型载货汽车造成的人员死亡仅次于小型客车,工货汽车在交通事故中造成对方伤害的主要因素是:大载货汽车车架结构离地高度大,在前、后方造成轿车钻入碰撞、侧面造成展压,大型载货汽车的质量远大于轿车;与轿车时导致碰撞相容性问题,前、后下部防护装置能有效地防止轿车钻入,合理的能量吸收特性可改善载货汽车与轿车的碰撞相容性。中用交通事故统计数说明载货汽车被动安全性的重要性,深入分析载货汽车被动安全性的特点,最后介绍了改进载货汽车被动安全性的措施。 相似文献
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J. Xu Y. B. Li X. Chen D. Y. Ge B. H. Liu M. Y. Zhu T. H. Park 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(5):687-695
During accident, the interlayer of windshield plays an important role in the crash safety of automotive and protection of
pedestrian or passenger. The understanding of its energy absorption capability is of fundamental importance. Conventional
interlayer material of automotive windshield is made by Polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Recently, a new candidate of high-performance
nanoporous energy absorption system (NEAS) has been suggested as a candidate for crashworthiness. For the model problem of
pedestrian head impact with windshield, we compare the energy absorption capabilities of PVB and NEAS interlayers, in terms
of the contact force, acceleration, velocity, head injury criteria, and energy absorption ratio, among which results obtained
from PVB interlayers are validated by literature references. The impact speed is obtained from virtual test field in PC-CRASH,
and the impact simulations are carried out using explicit finite element simulations. Both the accident speed and interlayer
thickness are varied to explore their effects. The explicit relationships established among the energy absorption capabilities,
impact speed, and interlayer material/thickness, are useful for safety evaluation as well as automotive design. It is shown
that the NEAS interlayer may absorb more energy than PVB interlayer and it may be a competitive candidate for windshield interlayer. 相似文献