高负荷下应用米勒循环提升高压比汽油机热效率机理研究

对高负荷工况下应用进气阀早关(EIVC)或者迟关(LIVC)技术实现的米勒循环进行仿真计算,基于热力学第一定律比较分析两者改善高压缩比增压直喷汽油机热效率的机理。结果表明:几何压缩比的增加提高了发动机的理论热效率,但由于高负荷时的爆震限制使油耗恶化了1.9%;米勒循环的应用可以有效降低爆震倾向,与原发动机相比,采用EIVC与LIVC策略燃油经济性的分别提升2.4%和3.0%;对比分析EIVC与LIVC对汽油机热效率的影响发现,LIVC策略能使燃烧相位更加优化、缸内燃烧更为充分,使得其燃油改善效果好于EIVC策略。     

Atkinson循环发动机紧凑型燃烧系统研究

基于Atkinson理论循环建立混合动力汽油机的性能仿真模型,确定出合适的压缩比与配气正时。分别采用增加活塞顶面凸起高度(上凸型燃烧室)和减小缸盖上燃烧室高度的方式来满足Atkinson循环汽油机对压缩比的要求。同时为适应紧凑结构减小气门升程、直径(紧凑型燃烧室)。通过三维CFD计算分析,比较了两种燃烧室缸内燃烧及流动特性,发现紧凑型燃烧室能够在火核形成及扩散时期在缸内产生更高的湍动能,有利于加快火焰传播,使燃烧持续期缩短9.8%~24.4%,可显著提高燃油经济性。在混合动力用Atkinson循环发动机开发中使用紧凑型燃烧室,具有重要的应用价值。     

高压缩比米勒循环发动机设计与分析

为提高发动机的热效率,提出了高压缩比结合米勒循环的解决方案。在某2.0 L自然吸气发动机的基础上,通过增加发动机活塞顶凸台的方法实现了压缩比从10到13的提高,并采用遗传算法对凸轮型线进行了选型,通过进气门晚关(LIVC)方式实现了米勒循环。试验结果表明,与原发动机相比,高压缩比米勒循环发动机最低燃油消耗率下降10.4 g/(k W?h),低油耗范围明显扩大,且主要是向低转速小负荷的方向扩展。     

高效混动专用发动机技术研究

针对高效混动专用发动机开发过程中发动机热效率未达到设计目标的问题，使用试验数据校正了热力学模型，应用模型对问题原因进行了量化评估，提出了提高热效率的优化方案。结果表明：样机燃烧速率慢、抗爆震性能差、压缩比低是热效率未达标的原因；优化方案包括：优化燃烧系统、提高压缩比到12、增加进排气升程的高度；优化方案的部分负荷平均燃油消耗率平均降幅为4.4%,最低燃油消耗率为209 g/(kW·h),对应热效率为40.5%,满足设计目标。米勒循环+冷却EGR技术需要匹配快速燃烧系统使用。     

基于模拟计算的GDI发动机燃烧室优化设计

利用AVL Fire软件,对一款高压缩比直喷汽油机的缸内流动及喷雾过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同燃烧室设计方案对缸内流动过程的影响。结合滚流、旋流、湍动能、缸内当量比分布等8项评价指标,分析了不同方案对混合气形成的改善效果。通过分析计算结果,并引入优化率对燃烧室设计进行评估,评估结果表明,最优方案在高转速工况和低转速工况的优化率分别达到了25.3%和23.4%,发动机缸内混合气的形成过程得到了明显的改善。     

高压缩比米勒循环对GDI增压汽油机性能和排放影响

通过对一款涡轮增压GDI发动机凸轮型线和活塞形状的设计,研究了不同压缩比米勒循环发动机对增压GDI发动机的燃烧、缸压、排放和油耗等方面的影响。结果表明,对于米勒循环的GDI增压发动机,在外特性会损失一部分最高功率,但是能在一定程度上降低油耗;在部分负荷,米勒发动机减少了泵气平均有效压力,从而对降低燃油消耗率的作用比较明显,同时由于米勒效应导致燃烧温度降低,使得NOx排放得到显著改善,但是在低负荷时THC排放会有所上升。     

基于米勒循环的混动专用发动机开发

对奥托循环、米勒循环以及米勒循环加进气遮蔽(Masking)三种方案的缸内气流、混合气浓度以及燃烧性能进行对比分析,结果表明:米勒循环由于型线的影响一定程度上恶化了缸内气流运动与燃烧性能,而Masking可大幅度提升滚流比,改善混合气浓度,增加湍动能,改善燃烧性能.对奥托循环和Masking方案进行了试验研究,结果显示...     

一种基于HCCI模式的参比油简化机制及其验证

引入数值模拟精度的定义,采用两组分参比油模拟了HCCI发动机点火过程,对Youngchul Ra和Rolf D. Reitz提出的正庚烷与异辛烷氧化过程进行敏感性分析及优化处理,对H.J.Curran的详细反应机理进行数值验证,在验证范围(初始温度530~600 K,当量比0.3~0.8,压缩比12.5~28)的大部分区域内,优化后简化模型的数值模拟结果满足一级精度。利用HCCI发动机的三维CFD耦合化学动力学模型,模拟缸内燃烧流动过程,得到缸内压力及中间产物和燃烧相位的关系,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

米勒循环对增压直喷汽油机燃烧性能影响的模拟研究

米勒循环通过改变配气策略实现膨胀比大于实际压缩比的效果,从而提高发动机的热效率并降低燃油消耗率,因此被认为是改善小型GDI发动机燃油经济性的重要途径之一.然而,关于米勒循环对汽油机燃烧性能影响的微观机制并不明确,因此利用一维仿真软件GT-POWER和三维CFD软件CONVERGE,针对不同米勒循环策略对GDI发动机的进...     

欧Ⅵ天然气发动机关键技术研究

利用GT‐SUITE软件建立天然气发动机湍流火焰预测燃烧模型,结合试验数据验证了模型的计算精度,基于该模型对实现欧Ⅵ排放的当量燃烧路线关键技术,包括增压器匹配、米勒循环、瞬态参数优化进行了分析。研究表明：非对称流道增压器在实现相同EGR率前提下泵气损失最小;米勒循环可以抑制爆震,提升发动机经济性和可靠性,适当减小油门响应速度和增加放气阀响应速度可以降低发动机瞬态超负荷率。研究结果对欧VI天然气发动机开发具有一定指导意义。     

燃烧室形状对双燃料发动机性能影响的模拟分析

利用STAR‐CD软件模拟研究了3种燃烧室形状对柴油‐天然气双燃料发动机性能的影响,3种燃烧室分别为ω形燃烧室、八边哑铃形燃烧室和圆柱形燃烧室。研究发现,八边哑铃形燃烧室因为减小了喉口直径,增加了挤流强度,使得气缸内的湍动能增强,火焰传播速度加快,燃料利用率提高,同时,在燃烧室的底部设计凸台,能引导燃烧室内的气流运动,并引导柴油向燃烧室的底部扩散,促进着火点的广泛分布。因此,八边哑铃形燃烧室的缸内平均压力、平均温度和指示热效率最高,天然气剩余比例最小。     

Effect of Charge Density on Spray Characteristics,Combustion Process,and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

In-cylinder charge density at top dead center is an important parameter of diesel engines and is influenced by intake pressure, intake temperature, and compression ratio. The effects of charge density on fuel spray, combustion process, and emissions were investigated by using a constant volume bomb and a heavy-duty diesel engine. Spray development resistance increased with the increase of the charge density in the constant volume bomb. It was found that short spray penetration was accompanied by a large spray cone angle in the former stage with high charge density. However, the equivalence ratio was lowered and the degree of homogeneity of the mixture was increased in the later stage owing to the rapid interaction of fuel and gas at a high mixing rate. Combining the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics for analysis, as the charge density increased, the gross indicated thermal efficiency (ITEg) was improved. However, pumping loss had to be considered with higher charge density. Under this condition, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) trend was increased initially and decreased subsequently. Under high-load operation (1200 r/min BMEP, 2.0 MPa), the minimum charge density value of 44.8 kg/m³ was found to be reasonable. This charge density was suitable for combustion and brought about minimum exhaust energy and trade-off emissions. Moreover, by analyzing two operation conditions in terms of the maximum BTE with the Miller and the conventional cycles, compression temperature and combustion temperature were reduced in the Miller cycle with the charge density 44.8 kg/m³. A high C_p/C_v could improve the cylinder exergy/power conversion process by its positive effect of increasing the specific heat ratio. Owing to the interaction between a high C_p/C_v and exergy loss to heat transfer, the condition with the minimal charge density could produce more piston work.     

高原环境对缸内燃烧及壁面油膜的影响研究

为了分析高原环境下缸内燃烧过程及壁面油膜生成规律,采用 CFD 方法对不同海拔条件下柴油机燃烧过程进行了三维仿真计算,着重分析了海拔对壁面油膜的影响。结果表明：随海拔升高,过量空气系数降低,滞燃期延长,着火推迟,燃烧恶化,柴油机性能下降;高原条件对壁面油膜生成有较大影响,壁面累计油膜质量随海拔升高而增大,4500 m 海拔下壁面油膜累计质量最大可达19 mg ,约占总油量的8％;壁面油膜在燃油喷射弹着点处形成,随着时间推移,油膜向活塞边缘扩散,在高海拔条件下,燃烧结束时活塞边缘仍有油膜残留。     

Development of an on-line model to predict the in-cylinder residual gas fraction by using the measured intake/exhaust and cylinder pressures

The in-cylinder RGF (residual gas fraction) of internal combustion engines for new combustion concepts, such as CAI (controlled auto ignition) or HCCI (homogenous charged compression ignition), is a major parameter that affects the combustion characteristics. Thus, measurement or prediction of the cycle-by-cycle RGF and investigation into the relation between the RGF and the combustion phenomena are critical issues. However, on-line prediction of the cycle-by-cycle RGF during engine testing is not always practical due to the requirement of expensive, fast response exhaust-gas analyzers and/or theoretical models that are just too slow for application. In this study, an on-line model that can predict the RGF of each engine cycle and cylinder during the experiment in the test cell has been developed. This enhanced model can predict the in-cylinder charge conditions of each engine cycle during the test in three seconds by using the measured dynamic pressures of the intake, exhaust, and cylinder as the boundary conditions. A Fortran77 code was generated to solve the 1-D MOC (method of characteristics). This code was linked to Labview DAQ as a form of DLL (dynamic link library) to obtain three boundary pressures for each cycle. The model was verified at various speeds and valve timings under the CAI mode by comparing the results with those of the commercial code, GT-Power.     

压燃式自由活塞直线发电机参数匹配设计与工作过程仿真

根据自由活塞发动机和直线电机之间存在的能量守恒关系,利用所选择的商用直线电机进行压燃式自由活塞发动机的参数匹配设计.通过分析得到直线电机与自由活塞发动机主要结构参数之间的关系,再对系统的工作过程、自由活塞发动机的换气和燃烧过程进行CFD仿真,反复进行迭代计算,确定压燃式自由活塞发动机的具体几何结构参数.从参数匹配关系式...     

Effects of the fuel injection ratio on the emission and combustion performances of the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine applied with the split injection method

Currently, due to the severity of world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is being enforced more strictly, and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become even more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting a multiple combustion mode, a catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion using the split injection method. This paper used a split injection method in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications of the multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of the fuel injection amount on split injection are investigated. From the test results, the adequate combination of the ratio of the fuel injection amount for the split injection method has some benefit on exhaust and fuel economy performance in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine.     

喷油控制参数对中置喷油器GDI发动机喷雾及燃烧的影响

针对匹配中置高压喷油器的直喷汽油光学发动机,试验研究了不同喷油时刻及喷油压力下的缸内燃烧及喷雾发展特性,分析了燃油喷射控制参数对直喷汽油机缸内喷雾及燃烧的影响规律。研究结果表明:随第三段喷油时刻(θ_(SOI3))提前,燃烧持续期与滞燃期均先减小后增大,燃烧特征参数均在θ_(SOI3)=120°BTDC时存在明显拐点,此时平均指示压力(p_(mi))的循环变动系数C_(OVpmi)相对较小;第三段喷油时刻过晚,活塞上行距上止点较近,易导致油束冲击活塞表面;提高喷油压力可缩短燃烧持续期,有助于改善燃烧定容度,但喷油压力过大,油束贯穿距进一步延长,油束冲击缸壁的倾向增加,滞燃期及燃烧持续期反而延长。