路口渠化提高通行能力设计

从渠化原则、目标、方法、内容及效果,对路口渠化做了详细的阐述。     

平面信号控制交叉口交通优化设计方法研究——以盐城市胜利路与海阔路交叉口为例

通过对平面信号控制交叉口交通优化设计,对提高交叉口通行能力有着重要作用.本文以盐城市胜利路与海阔路交叉口为例,针对分析交叉口现状交通量、交叉口渠化现状、混合交通冲突点,信号配时现状,提出改善措施,提高交叉口的通行能力和安全水平.     

市政道路平面交叉口的交通组织设计

市政道路平面交叉口处路况复杂且多变,为了更好地建设市政道路平面交叉口,做好交叉口的交通组织设计,对市政道路的交叉口分类进行介绍,分析各类交叉口的通行能力,对交叉口的交通路径优化方法进行分析。在此基础上,提出市政道路平面交叉口渠化设计策略,为改进城市交通组织方式、改善城市道路平面交叉口交通拥堵状况提供思路和方法。     

城市道路交叉口竖向设计方法及实例分析

文章介绍了道路平面交叉口竖向设计的原则和一般形式,阐述了常用的交叉口竖向设计方法及适用性,并结合工程设计实例,对比分析了两套拟定交叉口竖向设计方案的优缺点,得出最优方案,为今后城市道路交叉口竖向设计提供参考。     

新建城市主干路与老城区道路交叉口交通组织优化研究

城市新城区的发展促进了新城区与老城区之间的道路交通建设,新建道路与老城区原有道路形成了新的交叉口.由于老城区道路空间受限、改造空间较小,面对逐年增长的交通需求,交通压力也逐年增大,车辆拥堵情况越来越严重,因此该类型交叉口成为新的交通拥堵点.基于此问题,本文在阐述交叉路口设计内容基础上,对拥堵问题进行归纳总结分析;通过实...     

城市道路平面交叉口安全评价研究

城市平面交叉口是城市交通冲突和事故频繁发生的地点。文章针对城市道路平面交叉口的交通安全现状,分析了平面交叉口的安全影响因素,提出引入事故率和冲突率为评价指标,建立了灰色理论评价方法,为城市道路平面交叉口的安全治理提供理论支持。     

城市小间距组合交叉口交通组织优化研究

通过分析小间距组合交叉口的改善难点,提出可行的交通优化策略,达到缓解道路供需矛盾、提高路网通行效率的目的.基于此,首先分析小间距组合交叉口一般交通流特性;接着以兰州市火车站西路两个交叉口为例,在常用的交通组织优化方法的基础上,提出合理设置人行横道线、两个交叉口主路方向直行交通流信号灯同红同绿的理念;最后通过VISS...     

公路交叉口无信号渠化设计

随着我国经济的发展,公路的交通量日益增多,而一些不规则的交叉口成为公路交通的瓶颈,给交通带来了不便。为了解决这个问题,结合具体的不规范公路交叉口设计实例,从多方面对不规则交叉口的优化设计提出建议,希望能对类似的不规则交叉口设计提供有效的参考。     

Pre-timed control for an under-saturated and over-saturated isolated intersection: a Bee Colony Optimization approach

In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimum cycle and phase lengths for isolated signalized intersections. Calculation of the optimal cycle and green phase lengths is based on the minimization of the average control delay experienced by all vehicles that arrive at the intersection within a given time period. We consider under-saturated as well as over-saturated conditions at isolated intersections. The defined traffic signal timing problem, that belongs to the class of combinatorial optimization problems, is solved using the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) metaheuristic approach. The BCO is a biologically inspired method that explores collective intelligence applied by honey bees during the nectar collecting process. The numerical experiments performed on some examples show that the proposed approach is competitive with other methods. The obtained results show that the proposed approach is capable of generating high-quality solutions within negligible processing times.     

A continuous-flow-intersection-lite design and traffic control for oversaturated bottleneck intersections

Oversaturation has become a severe problem for urban intersections, especially the bottleneck intersections that cause queue spillover and network gridlock. Further improvement of oversaturated arterial traffic using traditional mitigation strategies, which aim to improve intersection capacity by merely adjusting signal control parameters, becomes challenging since exiting strategies may (or already) have reached their “theoretical” limits of optimum. Under such circumstance, several novel unconventional intersection designs, including the well-recognized continuous flow intersection (CFI) design, are originated to improve the capacity at bottleneck intersections. However, the requirement of installing extra sub-intersections in a CFI design would increase vehicular stops and, more critically, is unacceptable in tight urban areas with closed spaced intersections. To address these issues, this research proposes a simplified continuous flow intersection (called CFI-Lite) design that is ideal for arterials with short links. It benefits from the CFI concept to enable simultaneous move of left-turn and through traffic at bottleneck intersections, but does not need installation of sub-intersections. Instead, the upstream intersection is utilized to allocate left-turn traffic to the displaced left-turn lane. It is found that the CFI-Lite design performs superiorly to the conventional design and regular CFI design in terms of bottleneck capacity. Pareto capacity improvement for every traffic stream in an arterial system can be achieved under effortless conditions. Case study using data collected at Foothill Blvd in Los Angeles, CA, shows that the new design is beneficial in more than 90% of the 408 studied cycles. The testing also shows that the average improvements of green bandwidths for the synchronized phases are significant.     

广州市天河区交通拥堵的微循环解决路径研究

快速城市化致使城市交通量急剧增长,交通拥堵问题日益严重。受社会经济等条件限制,已建的成城区难以进行大规模的改扩工程,交通系统的深化急需跟上城市更新的步伐^[1]。本文以广州市天河区天园街道片区为研究对象,利用互联网电子地图,对该片区周边四条主要交通性道路高峰时段拥堵情况进行实时监测。通过为时一个月的监测,了解到在拥堵高峰时段四条交通性道路规模所能承载的交通量远远低于实际承载的交通通行量。结合实地调研,运用交通微循环理论,提出构建一个合理的交通微循环道路网络方案,即开放片区内部路网增强城市交通的毛细血管,增强四条主干道之间的联系实现交通分流。     

论高速公路边坡水土保持植物防护设计

通过对高速公路边坡水土保持的研究,主要论述边坡水土保持植物防护设计的应用,从高速公路水路流失的特点出发,指出边坡为公路水土流失重灾区。进行植物防护设计不仅能够达到防护效果,还有利于恢复植被,改善生态环境,有效地防止水土流失,并介绍了高速公路边坡水土流失植物防护技术设计原则。最后通过实践分析,对植物防护做出具体设计,为今后同类工程的水土保持措施布局提供参考和借鉴。     

Benefit incidence of urban ring road — Theory and case study of the Gifu ring road

This study aims at measuring the benefit incidence of each socio-economic sector in each zone by using a benefit measurement model and a simple socio-economic model, especially discussing the absentee landowners' share of the total benefit from the viewpoint of the degree of the city's openness or stickliness. The case study is on the ring road construction being undertaken in Gifu City, Japan.     

The impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities

This study aims to measure the impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities.First, the sphere of urban influence is defined by application of an individual behavior model. The model explains the number of trips to representative cities in regions from the residential place of each individual using the following factors; the attractiveness of cities, the travel time to cities and the individual's free time. Development of major roads shortens the travel time, and this causes the change in the sphere of urban influence. The model we propose has the structure to explain this phenomenon.Second, this method is applied to all of Japan where expressways are now being rapidly constructed and, how they change spheres of urban influence is explained. In the application, as a measure of attractiveness of cities, population, commercial and industrial activity, etc. are considered. From these points of view, the impacts of construction of expressways in Japan are estimated.     

U型槽结构钢筋混凝土配合比设计及应用

结合S351砀定路定陶京九铁路下穿立交封闭式路堑U型槽结构施工,介绍了该结构混凝土配合比设计的基本思路、方法及步骤;阐述了施工工艺要点。     

悬索曲线理论在索道设计中的应用

章从悬索的静态力学方程出发，详尽介绍了悬索理论在索道设计中的应用。并推导出悬索挠度，悬索水平张力计算公式，可供设计人员参改。     

Towards marginal cost pricing: A comparison of alternative pricing systems

European urban areas are marred by the problems of congestion and environmental degradation due to the prevailing levels of car use. Strong arguments have thus been put forward in support of a policy based on marginal cost pricing (European Commission 1996). Such policy measures – which would force private consumers to pay for a public service that was previously provided "for free" – are, however, notoriously unpopular with the general public and hence also with their elected representatives – the politicians. There is thus an obvious tension between economic theory, which suggests that marginal cost pricing is the welfare maximising solution to urban transport problems, and practical experience, which suggests that such pricing measures are unwanted by the affected population and hence hard to implement through democratic processes. The AFFORD Project for the European Commission has aimed to investigate this paradox and its possible solutions, through a combination of economic analysis, predictive modelling, attitudinal surveys, and an assessment of fiscal and financial measures within a number of case study cities in Europe. In this paper the methodology and results obtained for the Edinburgh case study are reported in detail. The study analyses alternative road pricing instruments and compares their performance against the theoretical first best situation. It discusses the effect of coverage, location, charging mechanism and interaction with other instruments. The paper shows that limited coverage in one mode may lead to a deviation from the user pays principle in other modes, that location is as important as charge levels and that assumptions about the use of revenues are critical in determining the effect on equity and acceptability. Finally the results show that a relatively simple smart card system can come close to providing the economic first best solution, but that this result should be viewed in the context of the model assumptions.     

Superpave设计方法在榆(林)靖(边)高速公路中的应用

针对榆靖沙漠高速公路气候特点,采用Su-perpave设计方法对沥青混合料进行设计,对试验路压实度、构造深度、路面弯沉、裂缝等质量控制指标进行测试,分析结果表明Superpave沥青混凝土路面具有优良的路用性能,所采用的材料组成设计方法在沙漠地区地区具有广泛的应用前景。