依托客运网络 发展小件快运

随着交通运输业的快速发展,广大城乡群众出行机会增多,出行方式也呈现多样化,其中集客货运于一体的出行方式成为一种比较普遍的现象。但是毕竟货随人走还是存在一些不方便的地方,因此将一些货运业务选择特定的客运班线进行快运成为一种新的运输方式。有需求就会有市场,客运企业悄悄改变几十年一贯制的客运模式,利用客运车辆进行小件快运便如雨后春笋般地冒了出来。由于高铁等其他运输方式对市场的影响,道路客运企业在相关线路上的客源有所下降,而油价却     

小件快运变身术

对比快递,小件快运企业脱胎于传统行包,自然发展,天真生存,与快递野蛮生长迥然不同。在传统客运线路发展模式日薄西山、全行业号召转型之时,小件快运成为一条快速切入物流的重要路径,成为传统客运业的有益补充、传统货运业的有效延伸,正在用各种"法术"尝试多种变身,求得更多更好生存的砝码。     

道路客运小件快运车辆路径和调度研究

制约小件运输发展的瓶颈之一是站到站运输与客户门到门需求之间的矛盾,目前道路客运企业正大力发展门到门的取送货业务,但缺少一套切实可行的取送货运输组织调度方案,基于此,文章建立了考虑客户时效性需求的车辆路径调度数学模型并设计了一种改进的遗传算法进行求解。通过实例证明该算法可以求得满意解,为道路客运企业发展小件快运的最后一公里取送货服务提供运输组织调度方案参考。     

小件快运十张面孔

许久以前,快递企业将愿景诠释得朴素直白—飞机上天、企业上榜、股票上市,一番大干快上之后,果然有很多实现了前两个愿望,快递关注客户,便捷百姓,推动商业,如臻化境。对比快递,小件快运企业脱胎于传统行包,自然发展,天真生存,与快递野蛮生长迥然不     

重庆交运:小件快运做“快递”

市场导向、多元营销、政策支撑、完善网络重庆交运快件认为,小件快运的发展方向应为:尽快转型升级为快递企业,完善服务流程、提供延伸服务,充分运用客运企业高时效、多频次、高密度、全覆盖的运输、网点优势,构建一个具有快递企业特点和功能的、开放型的网络运输平台     

中铁快运与国铁行包运量收入对比分析

<正> 随着市场经济的发展,小宗货物快速运输的社会需求不仅增长很快,而且市场潜力巨大,是一个在第三产业中比重不断增加的朝阳产业。目前我国中长运距的小件货物快运主要由铁路及民航承担,而铁路小件快运主要由国铁行包运输和中铁快运完成。虽然从运量和收入的绝对值上看,国铁行包大于中铁快运,但国铁行包在经历高速发展之后,不仅运量规模趋弱,而且收入较之以往开始下降;反之,中铁快运则在保持较高     

徐勇:小件快运“没有个性化一定会死”

近年来,行业出现了很多小件快运公司转变为快递、第三方物流公司的现象。但总体上,全国的小件快运发展基本仍然不温不火。近日,本刊记者致电中国快递物流咨询网首席顾问徐勇,他认为,在市场竞争趋于"快递化"的阶段,小件快运企业应该找准自己的定位,一定要突出个性化,"没有个性化一定会死"。     

公共交通均等化背景下的广东乡镇客运站小件快运发展现状及建议

为了解广东省乡镇客运站小件快运业务开展现状,本文对广东乡镇客运站进行了调研走访,结果表明目前小件快运业务存在定义和管理权限模糊、货源短缺、缺少政策和资金支持、标准化建设落后等现状。因此本文分别从小件快运的界定和管理、对接工业园区和农村电子商务开发货源、对小件快运业务给予政策与资金支持、统筹社会物流资源完成最后一公里配送、加快标准化建设等方面提出相关建议,一定程度上促进广东省乡镇客运站小件快运业务的发展。     

小件快运:“错位”与“融合”铺就腾飞路——访交科院现代物流研发中心主任赖平仲

小件快运利用客车底舱发展快速运输,成本低、价值高、节能环保,优势明显。目前,大部分道路客运企业和客运场站积极求索,也引起不少道路运输管理部门的重视,吸引了不少地方邮政、民航等部门的协力推进。     

Distance and time in intermodal goods transport networks in Europe: A generic approach

This paper is about distance and time as factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. It reviews the relevance of the factors, evaluates time models in practice, compares network distances and times in alternative bundling networks with geometrically varied layouts, and points out how these networks perform in terms of vehicle scale, frequency and door-to-door time. The analysis focuses on intermodal transport in Europe, especially intermodal rail transport, but is in search for generic conclusions. The paper does not incorporate the distance and time results in cost models, and draws conclusions for transport innovation, wherever this is possible without cost modelling. For instance, the feature vehicle scale, an important factor of transport costs, is analysed and discussed.Distance and time are important factors of competitiveness of intermodal transport. They generate (direct) vehicle costs and – via transport quality – indirect costs to the customers. Clearly direct costs/prices are the most important performance of the intermodal transport system. The relevance of quality performances is less clarified. Customers emphasise the importance of a good match between the transport and the logistic system. In this framework (time) reliability is valued high. Often transport time, arrival and departure times, and frequency have a lower priority. But such conclusions can hardy be generalised. The range of valuations reflects the heterogeneity of situations. Some lack of clarity is obviously due to overlapping definitions of different performance types.The following parts of the paper are about two central fields of network design, which have a large impact on transport costs and quality, namely the design of vehicle roundtrips (and acceleration of transport speed) and the choice of bundling type: do vehicles provide direct services or run in what we call complex bundling networks? An example is the hub-and-spoke network. The objective of complex bundling is to increase vehicle scale and/or transport frequency even if network volumes are restricted. Complex bundling requires intermediate nodes for the exchange of load units. Examples of complex bundling networks are the hub-and-spoke network or the line network.Roundtrip and bundling design are interrelated policy fields: an acceleration of the roundtrip speed, often desirable from the cost point of view, can often only be carried out customer friendly, if the transport frequency is increased. But often the flow size is not sufficient for a higher frequency. Then a change of bundling model can be an outcome.Complex bundling networks are known to have longer average distances and times, the latter also due to the presence of additional intermediate exchange nodes. However, this disadvantage is – inside the limits of maximal vehicle sizes – overruled by the advantage of a restricted number of network links. Therefore generally, complex bundling networks have shorter total vehicle distances and times. This expression of economies of scale implies lower vehicle costs per load unit.The last part of the paper presents door-to-door times of load units of complex bundling networks and compares them with unimodal road transport. The times of complex bundling networks are larger than that of networks with direct connections, but nevertheless competitive with unimodal road transport, except for short distances.     

A congested and dwell time dependent transit corridor assignment model

This research proposes an equilibrium assignment model for congested public transport corridors in urban areas. In this model, journey times incorporate the effect of bus queuing on travel times and boarding and alighting passengers on dwell times at stops. The model also considers limited bus capacity leading to longer waiting times and more uncomfortable journeys. The proposed model is applied to an example network, and the results are compared with those obtained in a recent study. This is followed by the analysis and discussion of a real case application in Santiago de Chile. Finally, different boarding and alighting times and different vehicle types are evaluated. In all cases, demand on express services tends to be underestimated by using constant dwell time assignment models, leading to potential planning errors for these lines. The results demonstrate the importance of considering demand dependent dwell times in the assignment process, especially at high demand levels when the capacity constraint should also be considered. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The dynamic shortest path problem with time-dependent stochastic disruptions

The dynamic shortest path problem with time-dependent stochastic disruptions consists of finding a route with a minimum expected travel time from an origin to a destination using both historical and real-time information. The problem is formulated as a discrete time finite horizon Markov decision process and it is solved by a hybrid Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) algorithm with a clustering approach using a deterministic lookahead policy and value function approximation. The algorithm is tested on a number of network configurations which represent different network sizes and disruption levels. Computational results reveal that the proposed hybrid ADP algorithm provides high quality solutions with a reduced computational effort.     

The safety ladder: developing an evidence-based safety management strategy for small road transport companies

Traffic accidents account for between 20% and 40% of work-related accidents in industrial countries, and research indicates that road transport companies often have little focus on organisational safety management (OSM). There is thus a huge and largely untapped road safety potential in improving the safety of people who drive in their work, by focusing on OSM. Road transport companies in European countries are often small, however, with limited resources in terms of time, financial resources and competence on road safety. The main aim of the present article is therefore to develop an OSM strategy for small road transport companies. Based on a systematic literature review, taking Norwegian research as its point of departure, the article concludes that four measures seem to be most realistic for small goods-transport businesses, and that these measures seem to have the greatest safety potential. These four measures can be arranged on a ladder, where businesses start at the lowest and most basic level, before proceeding to the next step. While our stepwise safety-ladder approach has not been validated, it is expected that further research would confirm the value of the strategy proposed.     

Transportation of dangerous goods by road: the Brazilian case for selection of carriers based on a risk management methodology

Abstract

This article applies a methodology for selecting carriers for the transportation of dangerous goods by road, with a special focus on risk management aspects. The methodology makes use of Stated Preference techniques and verifies the most critical risk-related variables influencing decision-making from the shippers' point of view. It embraces the planning and execution stages, an evaluation of the contracted company and a feedback process. The methodology was effectively applied to the case of liquid fuel shippers in the Brazilian middle-west region where it proved possible to identify which dangerous goods road transport company to contract in accordance with the risk management factors selected by the decision makers.     

Assessing the social costs of urban transport infrastructure options in low and middle income countries

ABSTRACT

This paper develops cost models for urban transport infrastructure options in situations where motorcycles and various forms of taxis are important modes of transport. The total social costs (TSCs) of conventional bus, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Monorail, Metro (Elevated Rail), car, motorcycle, Taxi and Uber are calculated for an urban corridor covering operator, user and external costs. Based on the parameters for a 7?km corridor in Hanoi, Vietnam, the results show the lowest average social cost (ASC) transport modes for different ranges of demand. Motorcycle might be the best option at low demand levels while conventional bus has advantages with low-medium demand. At medium demand levels, bus-based technologies and Monorail are competitive options while Metro, with a higher person capacity, is the best alternative at the highest demand levels. Compared to other modes, the ASCs of car and Taxi/Uber are greater because of high capital cost (related to vehicles) per passenger and low occupancy. Transport planners and decision makers in low and middle income countries (LMICs) can draw on the findings of this study. However, various limitations are identified and additional research is suggested.     

Age related annual crash incidence rate ratios in professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles

ObjectivesEvidence concerning crash risk for older heavy vehicle drivers is sparse, making it difficult to assess if it is prudent to encourage older drivers to remain in the workforce in a climate of labour shortages. The objective of this study was to estimate annual crash rate ratios of older male heavy vehicle drivers relative to their middle aged peers.MethodsData utilized in this study includes all crashes meeting inclusion criteria involving heavy goods vehicles, categorised as rigid trucks and articulated trucks; this data was recorded by the New South Wales Roads and Traffic Authority. The exposure to the risk of a crash was represented by distance travelled for each vehicle type and year, by age of driver, as estimated by the Australian Survey of Motor Vehicle Use. Negative binomial regression modelling was applied to estimate annual crash incidence rate ratios for male drivers in various age groups.ResultsA total of 26,146 crashes occurred in New South Wales during 1999–2006, involving a total of 54,191 vehicles; removing observations that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 19,736 observations remained representing 12,501 crashes. For rigid trucks, the incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years, compared to 45–54 year olds, was 0.74 (95% CI 0.51, 0.98). For articulated trucks, the annual crash incidence rate ratio for drivers aged 65+ years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.4 (95% CI 0.96, 1.9), and that for drivers aged 55–64 years compared to 45–54 year olds was 1.1 (95% CI 0.83, 1.3).ConclusionsOlder male professional drivers of heavy goods vehicles have lower risk of crashes in rigid vehicles, possibly due to accrued driving experience and self-selection of healthy individuals remaining in the workforce. Thus, encouraging these drivers to remain in the workforce is appropriate in the climate of labour shortages, as this study provides evidence that to do so would not endanger road safety.     

Inland cargo flow modelling considering shipment time variability on cross-border transport

This paper formulates an inland cargo flow model that considers the additional costs incurred because of variability in shipment times at borders and seaports. Using the proposed model, five scenario analyses for cross-border haulage between Lao PDR and seaports in Thailand and Vietnam are carried out in order to assess the impact of improving border and seaport reliability. These scenario analyses show that improving shipment time variability at seaports has more impact on cost reduction compared to improving border reliability. As for seaport choice, both cases of seaport and border reliability indicate similar trends. Cargo volumes decrease at Laem Chabang seaport in Thailand and increase at Vietnamese seaports as reliability at each identified bottleneck is improved.     

A scalable communication middleware for real-time data collection of dangerous goods vehicle activities

Recently, real-time monitoring of Dangerous Goods Transport has drawn a lot of attention, thanks to its capability to provide a better visibility on dynamically moving vehicles, particularly through a Web Mapping application. Yet, one of the challenges to be faced designing such a system is an effective architecture for real-time collection of telemetry and event data conveyed by the vehicle on-board system, such the Global Positioning System coordinates. In this paper, we have focused on optimizing the process for managing a large quantity of data transmitted via network sockets that use the Transmission Control Protocol. Then we prove the process efficiency through performance and scalability tests. The middleware is being implemented as a part of a project that aims to monitor the Italian petrochemical company Eni’s oil trucks shipment along Europe and USA territories.     

Effect of speed limits in degradable transport networks

This paper studies how link-specific speed limits influence the performance of degradable transport networks, in which the capacity of each link is a degradable random variable. The distribution and cumulative distribution of link travel time have been presented with the effect of speed limits taken into account. The mean and variance of link and route travel time are formulated. Three link states have been classified, and their physical meanings have been discussed. The relationship between critical capacity, travel time and speed limit has been elaborated. We have proposed a Speed Limit- and Reliability-based User Equilibrium (SLRUE), adopting travel time budget as the principle of travelers’ route choice. A heuristic method employing the method of successive averages is developed to solve the SLRUE in degradable networks. Through numerical studies, we find that for some networks both the mean and standard deviation of the total travel time could be reduced simultaneously by imposing some speed limits. The speed limit design problem has been studied, and it is found that imposing speed limits cannot always reduce the total travel time budget of a network.