打拼出一个陆岛海运的新天地--罗明与上海寰岛轮船有限公司创业纪事

从零开始的艰难起步 上个世纪九十年代中期,随着运输市场的逐步放开,沿海客运在陆上、空运等多种交通运输工具的竞争中,出现了前所未有的下滑局面.多条海上客运航线由于客流量减少、营运成本加大,先后宣布停航.沿海客运市场的萎缩,给航运企业经营带来了直接的负面影响,一是部分运力的搁置,二是人员富余后的出路.作为主要经营沿海运输的上海海运局不得不寻求新的市场空间.     

Polish shipping and shipping policy

Following a period of about 120 years, when external political pressures prevented Poland from engaging in maritime commercial activities, the end of World War I marked an important epoch in Poland's maritime history. Although the Peace Treaties gave Poland access to the sea and the right to use Gdansk, it was not until 1926, when Poland's first shipping company was established and Poland's new port of Gdynia opened, that her new status as a maritime country was fashioned. This paper traces the development of Polish shipping from 1918 to the present time; discusses the factors related to Poland's problems in the sphere of international maritime transport; and outlines Poland's present shipping policy.     

The new economic order and African shipping policies

This paper approaches the problem of port labour training in Africa. It examines various aspects of immediate training, apprenticeship training and career training with the implementation of a pedagogic method of training, fully adapted to the specific needs of a port.     

外商投资国际海运业的最新政策评析

2004年上半年有多项涉及中国国际海运领域外商投资的发展动态,一是为支持香港、澳门的经贸发展,中央政府与香港、澳门特区政府达成的更紧密经贸关系安排(CEPA)从今年1月1日开始实施;二是经过六年谈判达成的《中美海运协定》从今年4月21日正式生效;三是交通部、商务部联合颁布了《外商投资国际海运业管理规定》,自今年6月1日起施行.这三项发展动态成为海运领域热门话题.本文就现阶段的外商投资国际海运业的行政法规体系以及CEPA和《中美海运协定》的主要内容及其影响作一个简要评析论述,供读者参阅.     

新形势下开展船代工作的思考

《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》及其“实施细则”出台后,船代市场准入的门槛已大大降低,业务能力参差不齐的船代公司如雨后春笋般冒出来,导致市场的非理性竞争.在向健康的船代市场发展的过程中,那些能够提供客户满意的服务、执行正确的市场策略和合理运用政策的公司将在这场竞争中脱颖而出,实现永续发展.     

Evaluation of political risk in a shipping project

Shipping projects, as land-based ones, are evaluated by using different measures of merit based on discounted cash flows. The bulk carrying industry, where costs are known better than revenues, adopted the required freight rate (RFR) and its derivative the economic cost of transport (ECT) as its major measures of merit. Shipping is a business exposed to many unforeseen risks. Although many of these risks are beyond the control of the shipowners/operators, they should all be carefully weighed during the process of project selection designed for investment decisions. One such risk is the expropriation of shore-based facilities built by the shipping operator at one or more termini of the maritime distribution channel. The operator has to assess the value and probability of risk and translate them into a premium which he will levy on each unit of goods transported. Adding this premium to the required freight rate together with the inventory holding costs and marine insurance charges will produce the real economic cost of transport.     

2005年国际海运大盘点

承接2004年的繁荣,2005年的国际海运市场依旧充满了无限的机遇和挑战.在经济全球化的大背景下,在三大主要经济体和新兴市场经济两驾马车的驱动下,在航运市场周期性变化的影响下,在众多不确定性因素的诱导下,国际航运市场就象一个大舞台,风起云涌,波澜壮阔,新格局、新特点、新趋势、新对策不断涌现,使业内人士惊叹不已,使业外人士目不暇接.     

国际集装箱运输市场回顾及展望

2007年集装箱运输市场继续呈现恢复态势。主要航线运价明显提升。展望2008年,市场发展的不确定因素较多,但支撑国际集装箱货运需求的经贸基本面发展态势良好,同时供给的增长速度放慢,市场总体谨慎乐观。     

East European shipping and economic change: a conceptual model

This paper discusses and assesses the complex process of change that has occurred in East Europe over thc last five years, and attempts to relate these changes to the shipping sector. Conventional mathematical methods are discussed as inappropriate in analysing economic, social and political developments and the technique of conceptual modelling is used, borrowed from other disciplines including those of environmental appraisal and computer sciences. The main linkages are discussed with particular reference to the Polish shipping sector, with specific analysis of the legal, managerial, spatial, economic, political, social and organizational contexts. The dominant themes of change are drawn out in an attempt to predict the impact on the Polish shipping industry in general and the three main State companies-Polish Ocean Lines (Liner Shipping); Polish Steamship Company (Bulk/Tramp) and Polish Baltic Ferries- that dominate the market.     

Estimation of capacity utilization in world shipping

The surplus of tonnage which has characterized the shipping industry for over a decade has severely affected profitability and investment opportunities in the industry. This has prompted various schemes to reduce the surplus. A proper assessment of the size of the surplus is an essential requirement for sound policy measures. This paper, which focuses on the tanker sector, examines selected methods used to compute surplus tanker tonnage and proposes other methods. It observes that methods currently used give estimates of surplus tonnage which are basically identical to those obtained by using alternative methods. It concludes that while from 1984 the surplus tanker tonnage has been declining, from 1986 the decline has been rather small and the volume of the surplus is likely to stabilize in the next few years at more or less current levels. However, the paper points out conceptual and practical problems of determining the appropriate base periods or base operating conditions upon which surplus tonnage may be computed.     

Hierarchical logic in shipping policy and decision-making

Shipping policy is made and implemented under conditions of multiple objectives and constraints. It is often also subject to diverse interests and decision-makers, each with his own agenda. Policy alternatives usually have different financial, economic, market, environmental, and other implications, and, as a result, affect objectives and constraints differently. In turn, their desirability from the point of view of the various decision-makers will be influenced by complex sets of priorities. Shipping policy and decision-making involves the trade-off among a myriad of often conflicting objectives in the choice between alternative strategies. A hierarchical network approach to the determination of the most effective choice or strategy is proposed to represent the effect of policy alternatives on desired and undesired outcomes and the impact of these outcomes on the objectives and, as a result, the various interest groups supporting different policy objectives. The model suggested is based on the analytic hierarchy or expert choice process and permits consideration of both qualitative as well as quantitative performance measures and their impact on policy or decision objectives.     

中美航运政策比较

比较分析了我国与世界海运强国美国的航运政策,以进一步推进我国航运事业的发展.     

国际集装箱运输市场回顾及展望

2006年集装箱新船交付创造新高,受益于全球经济5%左右的良好增长,2006年集装箱货运保持10%的增长态势,欧美主干航线货量增长继续稳定在10%以上,远超于先前的预期。展望2007年,经贸环境和货运需求形势总体乐观,在经历了2006年的非理性竞争运价恶性下滑后,面对2007年持续上涨的成本压力,班轮公司将致力于运价恢复和市场稳定。     

国际油运市场的回顾与展望

随着世界经济的稳步发展,对石油的需求也在不断增加,而大部分的石油都是通过海上运输的,因此,国际油运市场备受关注。介绍了国际油运市场的现状,提出了影响国际油运市场的主要因素,其中包括国际经济形势、国际石油消费需求和运力,并阐述了三者与国际油运市场走势的关系,在此基础上,展望国际油运市场发展趋势,并着重对未来市场的运力发展趋势进行分析。     

世界煤炭贸易及其海运市场

煤炭是世界储量最丰富的化石燃料.按目前的消费水平计算,世界石油只够使用40～50年,天然气够使用60多年,而煤炭,则够使用将近300年.也就是说,大约70年后,地球上的化石燃料就只剩下煤炭了.由此可见,在世界经济发展中,煤炭占据着十分重要的位置.煤炭容易开采和利用,成本低廉,一直是人类大量使用的燃料、原料,特别是在发电领域,无疑成为首选的燃料.现在,煤炭仍提供着全球大约39%的电力,预计今后30年,全球发电用煤将增加60%,而在发展中国家会增加更多.     

国际集装箱运输市场回顾及展望

2005年的国际航运市场总体发展相对良好,就国际集装箱运输市场而言,2005年市场发展的主要特点表现为:世界经济稳步增长,市场供需情况良好,箱货贸易量与运力投放量同步上升,市场运价高位整理,船公司收益普遍增长,租船市场依旧抢手,中国因素成为世界海运的核心动力。展望2006年,虽然存在许多不确定因素,但出现重大突发性事件的可能性较小,预计国际集装箱运输市场有望继续处于强势发展周期。     

The evolution of Canadian liner shipping policy

This paper traces the evolution of Canadian liner shipping policy from its beginnings, at the time of the initial formation of shipping conferences, in the late nineteenth century, to its current form, as provided by the 1987 Shipping Conference Exemption Act. It is shown that evolution has been associated with a shift in policy orientation from an initial British-based position to a contemporary form that is distincly American in nature. The reasons for this shift are analysed and the similarities and differences between curent Canadian and U.S.A. legislation are identified. The paper shows that the adoption by Canada of an American-style policy became inevitable once the container revolution had physically integrated the transport systems of both nations.     

Protectionism in international shipping and some economic effects

The general recession in the international economy and an increasing desire on the part of the developing countries to establish or expand their own national fleets has led to increased protectionism in international shipping. This paper discusses the various aspects of protectionism in the light of the UNCTAD code of conduct for liner and bulk shipping.