新形势下危险货物道路运输安全管理之探讨

危险货物道路运输是道路运输领域内的重要组成部分。本文从加强危险货物道路运输安全管理的重要性入手,分析了南京市危险货物道路运输行业现状,深入剖析了我国危险货物道路运输安全管理方面存在的问题,重点从制度规范建设、创新监管模式、政府运力调控,提升应急能力等方面提出八条建议。     

《危险货物道路运输行业管理工作指南》出版发行

<正>针对危险货物种类繁多、理化性质复杂、安全风险高、行业管理工作专业性强等特点,交通运输部运输服务司组织编写了《危险货物道路运输行业管理工作指南》(以下简称《指南》),日前由人民交通出版社股份有限公司正式出版发行,指导各级道路运输管理机构及管理人员做好危险货物道路运输行业安全管理工作。《指南》主要依据相关法律法规与部分规范性文件、借鉴部分省市的先进     

洞察运输与物流趋势，专家齐聚探寻发展新路径

正随着《交通强国建设纲要》《推进运输结构调整三年行动计划(2018-2020年)》《网络平台道路货物运输经营管理暂行办法》等一系列政策法规逐一出台落地,交通运输行业未来发展路径也逐渐明晰。"聚焦‘司机之家’、智慧物流、多式联运、城市绿色货运配送、危险货物道路运输、定制客运、陆海新通道等重点领域,这是2020年我们的工作重     

道路运输企业品牌建设困局破解

背景 道路运输又十年自主品牌路漫漫 "客运以班车客运为主导,旅游、包车客运为补充,在集约化经营的基础上,逐步实现长途客运结点化,中途客运直达化,短途客运公交化,出租车客运规范化.货运要大力发展快速货运、集装箱运输,促进化学危险货物、大型物件、冷藏保鲜货物等运输逐步实现专业化、规模化、现代化,引导道路货运企业发展第三方物流服务.     

TIR公约：国际运输便利化的实用工具--访国际道路运输联盟高级顾问曲鹏程

货运行业“货运多小散弱”的发展现状,让大量货运企业因高昂的担保费而望而却步。《TIR公约》中的一个重要基础,便是由国际道路运输联盟提供担保,且担保费采取一年缴纳一次的形式,数额相对较低,这将在一定程度上解决国际道路运输领域货物、车辆的担保难题。     

货车运力结构调整节能减排效果评价方法

道路货运车型结构和运力结构不合理问题存在已久,普通运力过剩,各类特种车、专用车、集装箱车、厢式货车等特种运力不足;中型货车运力大于运量,大型车、重型车数量相对较少。为促进道路货运运力结构调整,交通运输部提出以降低能耗、提高运输效率、确保运输安全为目标进行货运车型结构调整,部分地方交通运输主管部门也出台了促进道路货运运力结构调整的政策措施,促进运力结构调整,进而促进道路运输行业节能减排。但是针对一个地方推动货车运力结构调整带来的节能减排效果缺少合理的评价方法。本文针对节能减排效果难以量化的问题展开研究,建立货车运力结构调整节能减排效果评价模型,并给出应用案例。     

燃油税改革对道路运输行业的影响分析

燃油费用是道路运输企业的主要成本支出,是影响道路运输成本最重要的因素,但燃油税改革对各种运输类型的影响是不同的。本文分别选取出租车、道路货运、客运、私家车的典型车型,进行成本分析,解析燃油税改革对不同运输行业的影响,并根据各行业在改革后的发展趋势,提出对应的政策建议。     

例外数量危险货物道路运输研究

本文综合分析了各种国际规则对例外数量危险货物运输的技术要求,并借鉴国内在航空运输领域开展例外数量危险货物运输的先行经验,结合我国道路运输行业实际,提出了我国例外数量危险货物道路运输的实施建议。     

欧洲车辆如何适应绿色货运

正绿色货运车辆是中国绿色货运行动绿色技术的重要内容,对比欧洲货运与物流车辆,我国的货运车辆技术状况水平还有很大的提升空间。"十三五"期间,货运车型车辆治理将成为货运行业治理的重点。如何在规范发展我国货运车辆发展的同时,保证绿色货运企业能够受益,切实降低运营成本、提高运输效率,是广大货运企业共同关心的问题,     

危险货物运输管理的九大瓶颈

随着我国经济建设速度的加快，各行业对危险货物的需求量不断增加，且大部分危险货物是通过道路运输来完成的。由于危险货物具有爆炸、易燃、毒害、腐蚀等危险性质，在运输过程中一旦发生交通事故，其破坏性是惊人的。据笔者观察，当前危险货物运输管理必须突破九大瓶颈：     

Institutional structure of New Zealand licensed road freight carriers

Road freight transport in New Zealand has operated under government regulations since 1936, primarily to protect the freight revenue of the New Zealand Railways. In 1983 an Act was passed to deregulate the freight transport industry and to switch over to a qualitative licensing system. This is expected to have some impact on competition within the road freight industry as well as between road and rail. This paper analyses the institutional structure of the road freight industry at the pre‐deregulation phase. The trend over the last few years, shows that the number of single vehicle owners (mostly owner‐drivers) and their share in the industry is growing at a faster rate than others. The vehicle authority distribution varies widely from one region to another in the country. Economic factors like employment, population, urbanization etc. could not explain this variation. The segregation of demand by existing government regulations appears to be the main reason for such diversity in vehicle authority distribution. Apparently there is no monopoly trend in the aggregate nor in the regional distribution. However, many owner drivers work closely with large firms, which may change the concentration observed in the distribution of vehicle authorities.

Productivity is relatively high for one person operations, i.e., mainly owner drivers. It then goes down and then rises to a certain limit. This gives an indication of the possibility of economies of scale, the single vehicle firms being an exception.     

广西道路货物运输安全管理对策研究

文章介绍了当前广西道路货物运输行业的基本情况,阐述了广西道路货物运输安全生产存在的主要问题,并从行政管理和企业管理的角度,提出了切合广西道路货物运输行业实际的安全管理措施。     

Commodity flow estimation for a metropolitan scale freight modeling system: supplier selection considering distribution channel using an error component logit mixture model

Freight forecasting models have been significantly improved in recent years, especially in the field of goods vehicle behavior modeling. On the other hand, the improvements to commodity flow modeling, which provide inputs for goods vehicle simulations, were limited. Contributing to this component in urban freight modeling systems, we propose an error component logit mixture model for matching a receiver to a supplier that considers two-layers in supplier selection: distribution channels and specific suppliers. The distribution channel is an important element in freight modeling, as the type of distribution channel is relevant to various aspects of shipments and vehicle trips. The model is estimated using the data from the Tokyo Metropolitan Freight Survey. We demonstrate how typical establishment survey data (i.e. establishment and outbound shipment records) can be used to develop the model. The model captures the correlation structure of potential suppliers defined by business function and provides insights on the differences in the supplier choice by distribution channel. The reproducibility tests confirm the validity of the proposed approach, which is currently integrated into a metropolitan-scale agent-based freight modeling system, for practical use.

     

A dynamic approach to road freight flows modeling in Spain

This paper presents an innovative approach to analyzing road vehicle freight traffic that uses a dynamic panel data specification derived from a gravity model. This dynamic approach, which has recently been employed in international goods trade models in lieu of the traditional static specification, is applied to the case of Spain using data for the countrys 15 NUTS-3 regions between 1999 and 2009. Using the system general method of moments approach, we obtained significant evidence that the flow of vehicles carrying commodities by road has a strong persistence effect when controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. We also found that the quality of road transport infrastructure has a significant impact on vehicle trips. According to our findings, we suggest that this type of specification be employed in distribution models in which fixed effects and lags of the dependent variable are included to account for unobserved heterogeneity and persistence effects, respectively.     

Impacts of trade related sustainability strategies on freight transportation: Modelling framework and application for France

The circular and functional economies are being presented in the literature as potential strategies for future sustainable societies. In terms of the consequences for supply chains, they will promote a much more dispersed and diversified, local and network based usage of goods than the current economy, which is comparatively linear, concentrated, long distance oriented and scale economy based. A gap in the literature is the assessment of the effects of these systems on freight transport flows. In our paper, we present a first attempt at estimating this impact using freight transport scenario building and quantitative modelling. In order to translate the main parameters that characterize these systems into factors determining freight transportation volumes, we develop a framework based on a typology of goods categories describing functional and spatial proximity between producers and consumers. In order to simulate changes in the economy, we develop scenarios for the shifting of goods from one category to another and, additionally, include internalization policies that should guide their realization. We calculate the impacts on freight flows using a new interregional transport model for France that includes distribution chains and produces estimates of external costs of transport. Our results show that circular and functional economies could lead to a 2–5% reduction of air pollutant emissions and up to a 14–26% reduction if combined with the internalization of external costs. The scenario with ongoing mass production for differentiated demand is found to lead to a 5% increase of environmental impacts compared to the baseline.     

Price and frequency competition in freight transportation

This paper develops a simple analytical model of price and frequency competition among freight carriers. In the model, the full price faced by a shipper (a goods producer) includes the actual shipping price plus an inventory holding cost, which is inversely proportional to the frequency of shipments offered by the freight carrier. Taking brand loyalty on the part of shippers into account, competing freight carriers maximize profit by setting prices, frequencies and vehicle carrying capacities. Assuming tractable functional forms, long- and short-run comparative-static results are derived to show how the choice variables are affected by the model’s parameters. The paper also provides an efficiency analysis, comparing the equilibrium to the social optimum, and it attempts to explain the phenomenon of excess capacity in the freight industry.     

Cross-boundary container truck congestion: the case of the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta region

Ever since the Open Policy in 1979, there has been increasing socio-economic integration between Hong Kong and mainland China. The subsequent rapid export-oriented industrialization in the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta (HK-PRD) region has given rise to rapidly growing cross-boundary container truck traffic (XBCT). From 1992 to 2003, the volume of XBCT rose from 1.5 to 4.7 million vehicles per annum. Hence, a new customs check-point, the Shenzhen Western Corridor (SWC), was built. With the development of SWC, how would XBCT drivers change their route-cum-customs (RCC) choice? What were their major considerations? How would the route choice among goods vehicle drivers differ from private car drivers? To what extent would the opening of new customs check-points change the RCC choice of goods vehicle drivers and resolve the uneven distribution problem of freight traffic? The current paper seeks to address these questions.     

Transport Demand Management in Turkey: A Genetic Algorithm Approach

Abstract

This article proposes new models for estimating transport demand using a genetic algorithm (GA) approach. Based on population, gross national product and number of vehicles, four forms of the genetic algorithm transport planning (GATP) model are developed – one exponential and the others taking quadratic forms – and applied to Turkey. The best fit models in terms of minimum total average relative errors in the test period are selected for future estimation. Demand management strategies are proposed based on three scenarios: restricting private car use, restricting truck use and the simultaneous management of private car use and goods movement. Results show that the GATP model may be used to estimate transport demand in terms of passenger-kilometers traveled (pass-km), vehicle-kilometers traveled (veh-km) and ton-kilometers completed (ton-km). Results also show that the third scenario – simultaneous restrictions on private car use and goods movement – could reduce total veh-km by about 35% by 2025 in this study of Turkish rural roads.     

Probabilistic analysis of the release of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tenders due to freight-train derailments

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has emerged as a possible alternative fuel for freight railroads in the United States, due to the availability of cheap domestic natural gas and continued pursuit of environmental and energy sustainability. A safety concern regarding the deployment of LNG-powered trains is the risk of breaching the LNG tender car (a special type of hazardous materials car that stores fuel for adjacent locomotives) in a train accident. When a train is derailed, an LNG tender car might be derailed or damaged, causing a release and possible fire. This paper describes the first study that focuses on modeling the probability of an LNG tender car release incident due to a freight train derailment on a mainline. The model accounts for a number of factors such as FRA track class, method of operation, annual traffic density level, train length, the point of derailment, accident speed, the position(s) of the LNG tender(s) in a train, and LNG tender car design. The model can be applied to any specified route or network with LNG-fueled trains. The implementation of the model can be undertaken by the railroad industry to develop proactive risk management solutions when using LNG as an alternative railroad fuel.     

Scheduling freight trains traveling on complex networks

In the US, freight railways are one of the major means to transport goods from ports to inland destinations. According to the Association of American Railroad’s study, rail companies move more than 40% of the nation’s total freight. Given the fact that the freight railway industry is already running without much excess capacity, better planning and scheduling tools are needed to effectively manage the scarce resources, in order to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for railway transportation. This research develops optimization-based approaches for scheduling of freight trains. Two mathematical formulations of the scheduling problem are first introduced. One assumes the path of each train, which is the track segments each train uses, is given and the other one relaxes this assumption. Several heuristics based on mixtures of the two formulations are proposed. The proposed algorithms are able to outperform two existing heuristics, namely a simple look-ahead greedy heuristic and a global neighborhood search algorithm, in terms of railway total train delay. For large networks, two algorithms based on the idea of decomposition are developed and are shown to significantly outperform two existing algorithms.