进境船舶压载舱沉积物中耐受藻类群落结构研究

世界贸易90%依靠船舶运输,已确认约有500种入侵生物由船舶压载水途径传播。压载舱沉积物含有比压载水中数量更为庞大的生物群体,如浮游植物及其孢囊。若其入侵口岸国海域并爆发赤潮,会对近海环境、居民健康和海域经济造成严重威胁。对船舱黑暗环境的长期耐受性是其中藻类入侵口岸国海域最重要的前提条件。沉积物中已发现的藻类有甲藻、硅藻、隐藻等不同门类,藻类组成较为丰富。孢囊和休眠细胞的形成可保护处于恶劣环境的藻细胞免受破坏。目前已知可形成孢囊主要为甲藻,其他藻类的耐受机制缺乏研究。本文对压载水中发现的藻类物种组成及其细胞进行研究其能否形成孢囊或休眠细胞,并对进境船舶压载舱沉积物的耐受藻类进行物种的组成结构分析,以此丰富对进境船舶压载舱沉积物携带的藻类耐受机制研究。     

船舶压载水防治措施探讨

船舶压载水是外来海洋生物入侵的重要途径,严重危害水域生态平衡,破坏生物多样性,危害环境,造成严重的经济损失。本文针对压载水污染问题,从压载水的管理、处理技术、无压载舱船舶设计等方面,探讨压载水的预防途径和防治方法。     

船舶压载水处理技术和监督管理研究

船舶压载水不仅危害海洋环境还会对人类健康、当地经济造成影响,《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理公约》实施即说明了国际社会对此的重视。压载水处理系统的使用,有效地减小了压载水对环境的危害。然而在实际应用中,仍需要通过提高和改进压载水监控技术,使处理后的压载水进一步符合公约标准。本研究根据我国压载水监控现状,提出完善压载水监督管理的措施,促进我国环境、经济和资源的可持续发展。     

船检履约与应对IMO强制审核要点与措施研究

为促进全球海上安全和防污染相关国际公约的有效执行,国际海事组织于2009年批准了"IMO成员国自愿审核机制"强制化,我国将于2021年接受IMO的强制审核。船检占强制审核政府义务条款大部分内容,其被视为IMO进行强制审核的重点领域。因此,本文拟针对IMO履约规则及相关国际公约中有关船检的管理要求,对我国海事船检履约情况进行评估,分析我国船检海事立法与管理方面存在的问题,提出我国针对船检履约与应对IMO强制审核的要点及改进措施,以满足2021年IMO强制审核的要求。     

船舶压载水和海洋环保

大部分海洋船舶为保证船舶空载航行的稳定性,都有庞大的压载水系统,装有数量巨大压载海水。文章通过大量的数据,明确阐述了船舶海水压载水对海洋环保带来的危害,并列举了多种消除海水压载水污染的方法。随着海洋船舶运输的发展,船舶压载水的异地装入与排出,使海洋污染迅速漫延,海水压载水的污染问题越来越引起世界各国和航运界的重视。对海水压载水的技术处理必将是未来数年船舶科技发展的一个热点。     

鹏字号散货船船体裂纹分析探讨

文章分析探讨了鹏字号散货船2#舱和3#舱压载舱双层底等船壳裂纹原因,针对典型的三类裂纹形态,给出船底壳裂纹区域结构加强方案,通过某船厂对该船实施解决方案,解决了复杂的航运船舶疲劳设计年限超龄产生的局部船体裂纹引起的安全运营问题。     

隧道高压压气作业实践指南(二)

盾构机械化施工方法在城市隧道工程中得到了普遍运用。盾构掘进过程中可能会因遇到障碍物或刀具磨损等情况而不得不带压开舱、实施维修等相关作业。带压开舱作业涉及到安全和职业健康等诸多方面,具有技术难度和挑战性。为此住房和城乡建设部制定、颁布了《CJJ 217-2014盾构法开舱及气压作业技术规范》,并于2014年12月1日起实施。为方便国内读者了解国外相关规范要求,编辑部组织翻译了国际隧道协会第五工作组编写的《隧道高压压气作业实践指南》,以供读者参考借鉴。     

道路冷链运输质量优化管理技术要求

本文围绕我国冷链运输发展现状和运输质量的突出问题,梳理了现有相关法规标准中对冷链运输的规定,结合冷链运输作业流程及其要求,从人员、管理、设施设备、作业过程、文件记录等方面,提出了冷链运输质量优化管理技术要求。     

船舶垃圾污染船岸协同治理问题与对策研究

本文分析了海洋垃圾污染情况及其环境危害,重点分析了船舶垃圾的产生规模,根据部分地区的海滩垃圾监测结果,来源于航运/捕鱼活动废弃物占海滩垃圾总量的10％左右.研究了MARPOL附则V及国家污染物排放控制标准对船舶垃圾分类和排放控制要求.分析了船舶垃圾污染防治中存在的问题主要体现为区域发展不平衡和全国范围的接收、转运和处置信息未实现联网,提出了加强船舶垃圾排放监管、优化完善港口接收设施、完善接收转运处置机制等方面的对策建议.     

盾构隧道开舱技术现状及实例

盾构隧道掘进过程中可能会遇到障碍物或刀盘刀具过量磨损的情况,导致盾构被迫停机,进行开舱处理,因此安全开舱技术极为关键。文章针对此问题,收集已有相关研究资料,对盾构开舱的基本概念和方式进行了总结,分析了常压开舱和带压开舱技术的适用范围和优缺点。结合国内外典型的盾构开舱实例,系统总结了已有的开舱作业经验和技术要点并对我国盾构开舱技术发展进行了展望。     

New models for financing and managing highways: asset-based road corporations in China

The China International Engineering Consulting Corporation undertook, in 1997, the study of Viability of Asset Based Road Corporations in China as part of the World Bank's transport sector program review. The purpose was to investigate, in a case study format, road administration in China with two specific objectives: to compare (toll) road management in different provinces and to investigate the financial viability of China's toll roads.This paper shows that the three case projects studied, each having different management structures, are all financially viable given the present financing arrangements. However, should the projects be immediately subject to market interest rates and loan maturities prevailing in China today, their financial viability would be uncertain.In a broader context, the World Bank's lending program has enabled China to experiment with different kinds of toll road management structures. These models have both advantages and disadvantages and seem to fit that province's political economic environment in which they are employed. The toll roads and, especially, the impacts of the toll road management and financing arrangements on road administration present challenges to road administration rarely faced even in the developed countries. The challenges involve questions of the congruence of public good and private interest, as well as the role of planning and public accountability – all serious questions as China moves forward in development. These questions are raised in the context of the case studies.     

高速公路突发事件快速响应与决策平台构建

针对高速公路突发事件应急响应滞后、处置效率不高的问题,从突发事件的自动发现、影响评估、预案生成、资源配置、效果评估等多维角度进行系统全面的研究,推动建立跨区域跨部门应急联动救援机制。采用GIS地图技术、Electron框架技术等方法构建基于分布协作的高速公路重大突发事件快速响应与决策支持平台,实现对突发事件发现、响应、处置、救援及事后分析等环节的全流程管理,提升应急处置效能和效率。     

Parking management for promoting sustainable transport in urban neighbourhoods. A review of existing policies and challenges from a German perspective

ABSTRACT

The organisation of parking is a key challenge to more sustainable mobility in urban areas, as its pricing and availability affect the rates of private car ownership and use. However, changing parking policies is a challenging issue for local politicians and planners because residents frequently oppose changes or restrictions to conditions they have taken for granted such as on-street parking in a public space. The aim of this paper is firstly to assess how the parking policy of an urban neighbourhood can be structured to contribute to more sustainable mobility and to increase liveability in the neighbourhood. The second aim is to apply the policies reviewed to an example neighbourhood. For this purpose, we systematically reviewed academic literature and identified five types of relevant parking policies: (i) maximum parking requirements, (ii) physical detachment of residence and parking space, (iii) residential parking permits and the limitation of available parking space, (iv) performance-based pricing and (v) parking as a demand management strategy. We discovered that most research focuses on econometric models about parking and that studies rarely address the effects of parking on the quality of life in neighbourhoods. Therefore, we need further research regarding the relationship of parking and liveability. We conclude that for the implementation of such parking policies in an example neighbourhood, the municipality needs to develop a mobility vision for its city. It has to understand parking as a tool for transportation demand management to increase the acceptance of parking policy concepts and to avoid spillover problems. Finally, in the German case, as in most other countries, states and municipalities need to redesign their legal frameworks to be able to manage parking supply better and to react to changes related to digital developments and parking. The findings have implications for other European neighbourhoods regarding the transfer from research to local circumstances and applications for the whole city.     

The Greening of Ports: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe

Abstract

From the policy and management perspective, this study aims to investigate the port management tools that port/public authorities have at their disposal and then to analyse to what extent the tools are used to enforce or encourage green port development at functional activities of port operations and development. We conduct an exploratory and comparative review based on two axes: on the one hand, the range of tools available to port authorities (pricing, monitoring and measuring, market access control and environmental standard regulation) and on the other hand, the functional activities in ports (shipping traffic, cargo handling and storage operations, intermodal connection, industrial activities, and port expansion). The situations in the leading ports in Asia and Europe, namely Singapore, Shanghai, Antwerp and Rotterdam are studied and compared, whereby the policies' effectiveness is discussed accordingly. Findings show that the ports are particularly mature in exercising environmental standard regulations which reveals that the enforcement approach is more prevalent. The most focused functional activity is shipping traffic which reflects that the ports are driven by the International Maritime Organisation. The respective port authorities in Antwerp and Rotterdam have a higher level of influence on devising green port policy in comparison to the two Asian ports.     

加强高速公路勘察设计的监督管理

文章结合隆林-百色高速公路工程实践,针对当前高速公路勘察设计存在的问题,提出业主在勘察设计工作的监督管理上应采取的做法和措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

公路造价管理中存在的问题及对策

文章针对我国公路造价管理中存在的管理人员思想意识不强、素质不高、造价审计职能弱化、变更管理不到位、缺乏完善的定额管理体系、信息化水平低下等问题,提出了相应的解决对策,为建设单位加强公路造价管理工作提供参考。     

Selection of techniques for reducing shipping NOx and SOx emissions

This paper develops a subjective generic methodology for providing ship owners with a transparent evaluation tool for selecting their preferred NOx and SOx control techniques. We quantitatively analyse the merits of the control methods available in marine air pollution control practice using data collected from shipping companies, shipyards and maritime academies. We also prioritize the applicable control techniques with respect to operational shipping environments.