基于数据共享的机场统一信息平台建设与应用

航空运输系统是一个复杂系统,机场作为航空运输链条上的主要节点,集合了空、地运行的众多关键信息。以机场系统为依托,建立整合空管、机场、航空公司等保障单位运行数据的统一信息平台,可有效支撑不同运行主体间协同决策工作的开展。本文结合航空运输实际,对机场统一信息平台应具备的功能进行了详细阐述,并提出了建设机场统一信息平台的总体架构与实现方式。最后,对机场统一信息平台在北京首都国际机场的实际应用情况进行了具体介绍。     

多元动态交通流信息融合与交通动态信息实时诱导发布系统

文章结合多元数据融合(MDF)、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS)等现代信息技术,设计城市多元动态交通流信息融合与交通动态信息实时诱导发布系统,实现面向政府、企业和出行者的交通决策支持、综合管理、信息服务功能,改进城市交通现状,并为居民提供良好的出行环境。     

基于雷视融合的车辆跟踪系统设计研究

目前的路侧感知系统采用毫米波雷达、高清相机等单一传感器,无法对车辆同时进行识别与跟踪,难以为高速公路的调控与预警提供有效的支持。针对这一问题,文章研究设计了一套基于雷视融合的车辆跟踪系统,通过融合毫米波雷达和高清相机数据对车辆进行精准识别与跟踪,为高速公路的快速、安全通行提供数据保障。     

AIS信息服务平台上线运行 公众可免费获得船舶实时动态数据

<正>2月4日,交通运输部海事局船舶自动识别系统(AJS)信息服务平台上线运行,标志着我国沿海及内河船舶实时动态权威数据正式对社会开放。社会公众可免费通过平台了解航行于我国沿海和内河水域船舶的实时动态数据。初步估算,社会公众可通过平台掌握日均3.5万艘船舶的动态数据,了解船舶交通流密度,并可按需以单船或组合方式查询船舶相关信息,包括船舶实际位置、航速等。同时,平台还集成了船舶劳氏数据信息、港口基本信息,潮汐预测信息、气象信息等综合数据,为用户     

数字·交通

<正>首次日前,交通运输部南海航海保障中心三沙航标处在西沙北礁灯塔、浪花礁灯塔新建的2座北斗AIS（船舶自动识别系统）岸基基站正式投入使用。这是我国首次在西沙海域建设北斗AIS岸基基站,消除了我国AIS岸基系统在该海域的覆盖盲区,为三沙船舶航行监管、岛礁生态保护提供有力支撑,也为船舶航行提供更加安全、可靠的导助航服务。     

沿海港口交通安全和信息管理系统研究

海城航行安全信息数据为船舶和各部门提供航行安全信息、物流信息、紧急危险预警和事故信息。信息处理,如提供船舶航行安全分析和在能见度较低的状况下传输动态信息。同时,控制中心为系统用户提供交通和安全管理信息,主动调节交通流量。主要设备有航向安全信息广播、气象信息广播、船舶动态信息广播等。     

基于雷达与视频的高速公路数字孪生系统研究

文章提出了一种基于雷达与视频的高速公路数字孪生系统设计方案,该系统以数字孪生技术在高精度地图引擎上进行高速公路场景映射,利用雷达与视频数据融合实现高速公路交通运输的实时监测和风险预警。实践表明,该系统可以有效实现高速公路安全的精细化控制,为交通安全提供一种新的数字孪生技术解决方案。     

管道外检测智能系统操作适应性研究

管道外腐蚀直接评价(ECDA)是评价管道外壁腐蚀对管道完整性影响的方法,传统ECDA检测设备数量多,操作复杂,劳动强度大,检测效率低.文中针对以上问题进行了管道外检测智能系统操作适应性研究,并对相关功能操作进行了融合设计.经现场验证,该系统能较好地解决功能集成后的可操作性矛盾问题,实现了单人操作的目标,降低了操作的复杂...     

高速车辆检测系统中数据匹配算法研究

文章在《高速公路超限运输网络管理系统》中车牌与称重数据的匹配算法基础上,阐述了算法的理论基础,给出了基于C＋＋语言的主要实现代码,为解决高速车辆检测系统中不同检测设备的数据匹配问题提供了一种可行的方法和思路。     

BIM技术在工程监理进度控制中的应用研究

建筑信息模型(BIM)是三维建筑模型和信息资源的综合载体。基于BIM的进度管理,是在BIM 3D模型基础上集成信息资源,关联工程进度时间参数,并模拟施工过程,与实际施工进度进行对比,从而实施有效的进度控制。本文以BIM技术在建设项目中的应用为例,实现多维度BIM应用,根据BIM建模、施工进度控制、施工工艺模拟、纠偏管理、拟真体验等需求确定软件应用体系,实现BIM数据整合与应用,根据具体BIM技术路线确定硬件设备配备,解决了传统工程监理工作信息化程度低、各专业信息共享与协同困难、信息反馈及纠偏不及时等问题,提升了监理业务的信息化管理水平。     

Automatic identification of risky weather objects in line of flight (AIRWOLF)

Adverse weather conditions are hazardous to flight and contribute to re-routes and delays. This has a negative impact on the National Airspace System (NAS) due to reduced capacity and increased cost. In today’s air traffic control (ATC) system there is no automated weather information for air traffic management decision-support systems. There are also no automatic weather decision-support tools at the air traffic controller workstation. As a result, air traffic operators must integrate weather information and traffic information manually while making decisions. The vision in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) includes new automation concepts with an integration of weather information and decision-making tools. Weather-sensitive traffic flow algorithms could automatically handle re-routes around weather affected areas; this would optimize the capacity during adverse conditions. In this paper, we outline a weather probe concept called automatic identification of risky weather objects in line of flight (AIRWOLF). The AIRWOLF operates in two steps: (a) derivation of polygons and weather objects from grid-based weather data and (b) subsequent identification of risky weather objects that conflict with an aircraft’s line of flight. We discuss how the AIRWOLF concept could increase capacity and safety while reducing pilot and air traffic operator workload. This could translate to reduced weather-related delays and reduced operating costs in the future NAS.     

How big data enriches maritime research – a critical review of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data applications

ABSTRACT

The information-rich vessel movement data provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has gained much popularity over the past decade, during which the employment of satellite-based receivers has enabled wide coverage and improved data quality. The application of AIS data has developed from simply navigation-oriented research to now include trade flow estimation, emission accounting, and vessel performance monitoring. The AIS now provides high frequency, real-time positioning and sailing patterns for almost the whole world's commercial fleet, and therefore, in combination with supplementary databases and analyses, AIS data has arguably kickstarted the era of digitisation in the shipping industry. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature regarding AIS applications by dividing it into three development stages, namely, basic application, extended application, and advanced application. Each stage contains two to three application fields, and in total we identified seven application fields, including (1) AIS data mining, (2) navigation safety, (3) ship behaviour analysis, (4) environmental evaluation, (5) trade analysis, (6) ship and port performance, and (7) Arctic shipping. We found that the original application of AIS data to navigation safety has, with the improvement of data accessibility, evolved into diverse applications in various directions. Moreover, we summarised the major methodologies in the literature into four categories, these being (1) data processing and mining, (2) index measurement, (3) causality analysis, and (4) operational research. Undoubtedly, the applications of AIS data will be further expanded in the foreseeable future. This will not only provide a more comprehensive understanding of voyage performance and allow researchers to examine shipping market dynamics from the micro level, but also the abundance of AIS data may also open up the rather opaque aspect of how shipping companies release information to external authorities, including the International Maritime Organization, port states, scientists and researchers. It is expected that more multi-disciplinary AIS studies will emerge in the coming years. We believe that this study will shed further light on the future development of AIS studies.     

A simple algorithm for the estimation of road traffic space mean speeds from data available to most management centres

The control of the evolution of road traffic streams is highly related to productivity, safety, sustainability and, even, comfort. Although, nowadays, the findings from research efforts and the development of new technologies enable accurate traffic forecasts in almost any conditions, these calculations are usually limited by the data and the equipment available. Most traffic management centres depend on the data provided, at best, by double-loop detectors. These loops supply time means over different aggregation periods, which are indiscriminately used as the bases for subsequent estimations. Since space mean speeds are those needed in most applications (note the fundamental relationship between flow and density in traffic flow theory), most current practice begins with an error. This paper introduces a simple algorithm that the allows estimation of space mean speeds from the data provided by the loops without the need for any additional financial outlay, as long as the traffic in each time interval of aggregation is stationary and its speed distribution is log-normal. Specifically, it is focused on the calculation of the variance of the speeds with regard to the time mean, thus making possible to use the relationship between time mean speeds and space mean speeds defined by Rakha (2005). The results obtained with real data show that the algorithm behaves well if the calculation conditions help fulfil the initial hypotheses. The primary difficulties arise with transient traffic and, in this case, other specific methodologies should be used. Data fusion seems promising in this regard. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that the improvement provided by the algorithm turns out to be highly beneficial both when used alone in the case of stationarity or as a part of a fusion.     

An integrated solution for lane level irregular driving detection on highways

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has been widely used in the provision of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services. Current meter level system availability can fulfill the road level applications, such as route guide, fleet management and traffic control. However, meter level of system performance is not sufficient for the advanced safety applications. These lane level safety applications requires centimeter/decimeter positioning accuracy, with high integrity, continuity and availability include lane control, collision avoidance and intelligent speed assistance, etc. Detecting lane level irregular driving behavior is the basic requirement for these safety related ITS applications. The two major issues involved in the lane level irregular driving identification are accessing to high accuracy positioning and vehicle dynamic parameters and extraction of erratic driving behaviour from this and other related information. This paper proposes an integrated solution for the lane level irregular driving detection. Access to high accuracy positioning is enabled by GNSS and Inertial Navigation System (INS) integration using filtering with precise vehicle motion models and lane information. The detection of different types of irregular driving behaviour is based on the application of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The evaluation of the designed integrated systems in the field test shows that 0.5 m accuracy positioning source is required for lane level irregular driving detection algorithm and the designed system can detect irregular driving styles.     

Intelligent transportation system and traffic safety – drivers perception and acceptance of electronic speed checkers

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) can play an important role in reducing risks and increasing traffic safety. Discussion as to whether a technological approach or a behavioral approach is the right way to achieve a safer traffic environment forms a point of departure for this paper. On the one hand, there are the technicians who emphasize technology as the way towards safer traffic. Behaviorists, on the other hand, view the drivers’ behavior as fundamental and argue that education and incentive-oriented policies are essential in order to influence the driver and therefore increase traffic safety. Independent of the approach advocated a successful outcome of either a technological improvement, or an information campaign, has to be based on a high level of acceptance among potential users. In order to increase traffic safety, it is therefore essential to recognize driver motivation and attitudes. In this paper we focus on drivers’ attitudes towards risk, traffic safety and safety measures. A study of drivers’ attitudes and acceptance of an electronic device for speed checking (which the drivers tested for nine months) indicated a high acceptance level. The drivers perceived that they had both become more aware of traffic regulations and behaved in accordance with safety regulations.     

基于驾驶员信息处理的道路安全性评价模型

在车辆行驶过程中,行车环境包含了大量的交通信息.道路条件以及管理手段等因素最终影响到驾驶员的信息处理强度.文章通过探讨驾驶员信息处理过程,建立了一种基于驾驶员信息处理强度的道路交通安全评价模型.在示例中,把道路交通信息量定义为道路几何曲率的一次函数,并结合相邻路段运行速度差给出评价指标.     

A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Empirical macroscopic evaluation of freeway merge-ratios

This paper is concerned with the macroscopic merging behavior of traffic at fully congested freeway merges, where a queue is present at all (upstream and downstream) approaches. An existing theory states that this behavior is dictated by a fixed ratio between the two upstream merging flows, denoted as the merge-ratio. It has been further conjectured that the merge-ratio is equal to the capacity-ratio. This paper presents an effective method to estimate merge-ratios from extensive historical traffic data. The archived traffic data in the California PEMS (Performance Measurement System) from January 2004 to June 2008 are used to estimate merge-ratios at 15 different freeway-to-freeway merge sites (via connectors). Findings show that merge-ratios can be reasonably estimated by the ratios between the numbers of lanes on the merging approaches (lane-ratio), which is typically similar to the capacity-ratio. However, residual differences between merge-ratios and lane-ratios suggest that there are probably other influencing factors.     

京张高铁自动驾驶列车技术规章适应分析与制修订建议研究

自动驾驶列车是京张高铁智能化的一个重要体现,该项智能技术设备的运用对既有行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面产生了较大的影响。为充分发挥智能设备的先进功能,需要与之相配套的技术规章体系。本文研究智能驾驶技术对行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面的影响,分析既有相关技术规章的适应性,并从自动驾驶技术设备运用、管理、维修的角度出发,提出技术规章制修订的建议。论文的研究为京张高铁自动驾驶智能设备的运用提供保障,也为智能京张的技术规章体系构建提供技术支撑。     

Using intelligent agents for Transportation Regulation Support System design

This paper presents an agent-based approach used to design a Transportation Regulation Support System (TRSS), that reports the network activity in real-time and thus assists the bus network regulators. The objective is to combine the functionalities of the existing information system with the functionalities of a decision support system in order to propose a generic model of a traffic regulation support system. Unlike the other approaches that only deal with a specific task, the original feature of our generic model is that it proposes a global approach to the regulation function under normal conditions (network monitoring, dynamic timetable management) and under disrupted conditions (disturbance assessment and action planning of feasible solutions). Following the introduction, the second section presents the notions of the domain and highlights the main regulation problems. The third section details and motivates our choice of the components of the generic model. Based on our generic model, in the fourth section, we present a TRSS prototype called SATIR (Système Automatique de Traitement des Incidents en Réseau – Automatic System for Network Incident Processing) that we have developed. SATIR has been tested on the Brussels transportation network (STIB). The results are presented in the fifth section. Lastly, we show how using the multi-agent paradigm opens perspectives regarding the development of new functionalities to improve the management of a bus network.