城市道路交通噪声治理措施分析

通过对道路交通噪声的污染危害及产生原因分析,提出了交通噪声从噪声源、传播途径及接收者三方面的治理措施。重点分析了不同类型的降噪路面和声屏障,并对各种降噪措施进行了适用性比较。     

高速公路噪声污染及其治理措施探讨

文章通过对高速公路交通噪声污染源特性的分析,结合降低噪声源的功率以及破坏和隔断噪声能量的传输路径等两个噪声治理防护的原则,提出采用低噪声路面、隔声屏障、防噪堤以及绿墙技术和降噪绿化林带等防护技术措施进行高速公路噪声污染治理。     

顶端带吸声柱体道路声屏障插入损失的研究

应用间接边界元法,分析在道路交通噪声等效频率400Hz时,对于顶端带吸声柱体声屏障,吸声柱体在不同直径时插入损失的变化规律。指出通过在声屏障顶端增加吸声圆柱体来提高声屏障的插入损失时,顶端吸声柱体的直径宜大于0·3米,其附加衰减可达2~5dB,最后进行了案例分析,为声屏障优化设计提供定量依据及参考。     

津石高速公路声屏障施工与噪声监测研究

文章以津石高速公路声屏障施工为工程背景,介绍了声屏障的施工流程和施工标准,并为了保证声屏障降低噪音的效果,利用Cadna/A软件进行了降噪模拟,与现场实际量测进行了对比分析.结果 表明,软件模拟结果与现场实测结果变化规律一致,可为声屏障施工提供经验借鉴.     

高速公路运营期声屏障降噪效果监测探讨

文章概述了高速公路交通噪声的特征、危害及主要防治措施,结合声屏障设计、建造、使用特点及现状,提出了定期开展高速公路运营期声屏障降噪效果监测工作的建议及监测方法,可为高速公路声屏障的管理提供参考依据。     

声屏障在城市交通噪声污染防治中的应用前景分析

城市交通噪声危害已成为一个相当严重的社会公害。降低噪声,保护声环境的任务已迫在眉睫。本文通过比较现有几种交通降噪措施的特点,认为声屏障是应用前景较好的城市交通降噪措施。但针对声屏障自身的缺陷,需在设计时遵循以下原则:(1)声屏障要和周围景观相协调;(2)提倡在声屏障内前后种植各类植物;(3)声屏障形状要具有多变性和适应性;(4)注重声屏障材料的选用等原则。这样才能使声屏障更好地服务于城市交通环保。     

低噪声沥青路面降噪原理及影响因素分析

在分析轮胎噪声产生来源与分类的基础上,结合吸声系数与多孔隙沥青混合料结构之间关系,探讨了多孔隙低噪声沥青路面的降噪机理,建立了低噪声沥青路面降噪预测模型,分析了不同因素对沥青路面的降噪效果的影响程度。     

广西高速公路声屏障降噪效果研究

文章结合实地监测结果,对广西高速公路沿线现有各类声屏障的降噪效果进行了分析评估,并提出了相应的高速公路声屏障设计思路及建议。     

江苏高速公路声屏障应用现状浅析

声屏障是目前高速公路最为有效的降噪措施之一。本文对江苏境内4066公里高速公路沿线的声屏障发展历程进行了回顾,并对现有声屏障的结构型式、屏体类型、材质等进行了统计分析。此外,作者还针对已建声屏障使用过程中发现的典型问题,以及降噪效果的主要影响因素进行了研究讨论。     

OGFC型降噪路面在城市道路中的应用

OGFC型降噪路面是在普通的沥青混凝土或水泥混凝土路面上铺筑一层大孔隙的沥青混合料.这种大孔隙能有效的降低车辆的行驶噪声,可营造一种环保型的城市交通环境.介绍OGFC型降噪路面的特点、在我国的施工技术及发展前景.     

A traffic noise model for road intersections in the city of Cartagena de Indias,Colombia

Road traffic noise models are fundamental tools for designing and implementing appropriate prevention plans to minimize and control noise levels in urban areas. The objective of this study is to develop a traffic noise model to simulate the average equivalent sound pressure level at road intersections based on traffic flow and site characteristics, in the city of Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena), Colombia. Motorcycles are included as an additional vehicle category since they represent more than 30% of the total traffic flow and a distinctive source of noise that needs to be characterized. Noise measurements are collected using a sound level meter Type II. The data analysis leads to the development of noise maps and a general mathematical model for the city of Cartagena, Colombia, which correlates the sound levels as a function of vehicle flow within road intersections. The highest noise levels were 79.7 dB(A) for the road intersection María Auxiliadora during the week (business days) and 77.7 dB(A) for the road intersection India Catalina during weekends (non-business days). Although traffic and noise are naturally related, the intersections with higher vehicle flow did not have the highest noise levels. The roadway noise for these intersections in the city of Cartagena exceeds current limit standards. The roadway noise model is able to satisfactorily predict noise emissions for road intersections in the city of Cartagena, Colombia.     

城市桥梁声屏障设计及交通噪声控制研究

城市桥梁交通噪声污染随着城市道路的发展和车辆增多日益严重,引起了人们的普遍关注。文章以北大桥声屏障设计为研究对象,结合北大桥交通噪声污染调查分析,阐述了声屏障高度、声屏障结构形式等声屏障设计治理方案,并从规划阶段、运营阶段等方面探讨了城市桥梁交通噪声的控制对策。     

Urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping using multisource data

Many residents are disturbed by road traffic noise which needs to be controlled and managed. The noise map is a helpful and important tool for noise management and acoustical planning in urban areas. However, the static noise map is not sufficient for evaluating noise annoyance at different temporal periods. It is necessary to develop the dynamic noise map or the noise spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a method about urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping is proposed to obtain the representative road traffic noise maps of different periods. This method relies on the proposed noise spatiotemporal distribution model with two time-dependent variables - traffic density and traffic speed, and the spatiotemporal characteristics derived from multisource data. There are three steps in the method. First, the urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution model is derived from the law of sound propagation. Then, the temporal characteristics are extracted from traffic flow detecting data and E-map road segment speed data by the outlier detection analysis. Finally, the noise distributions corresponding to different periods are calculated by an efficient algorithm which can save 90% above of the computing time. Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. There is only 2.26-dB[A] mean absolute error that is within an acceptable range, which shows that the method is effective.     

Options for reducing noise from roads and railway lines

The fundamental noise generation mechanisms of road and rail vehicles are discussed with attention to noise abatement measures. Based on an evaluation of publicly available tire noise data and the European road traffic noise emission model CNOSSOS, it is shown that on the road side there is a significant noise reduction potential in the usage of low-noise tires. From a three months measurement campaign a noise model was derived to predict the maximal sound pressure level of heavy duty vehicles during a pass-by in 7.5 m distance with the parameters vehicle speed and number of axles. With help of recently published information about external costs caused by heavy duty vehicles and the noise prediction tool, a model was developed to derive a money equivalent that can be used as a bonus/malus in a heavy duty vehicle fee. As a measure at the infrastructure, the installation of low-noise pavements is an effective, durable and economically attractive measure. Recent experiences with different technologies from all over the world are compiled and evaluated. On the rail side, an overview of the possible noise reduction strategies is given, followed by a discussion of the current policy and legislation in the EU and on the national level of different European countries.     

基于SPSS的交通噪声对高层建筑的影响分析

交通环境噪声对人体生理心理两方面均造成严重影响,轻则致人抑郁,严重可致人死亡。本文通过实地监测宁波市某小区交通环境噪声,使用SPSS分析其与楼层高度之间的关系,建立线性回归数学模型。发现整体环境噪声成先上升后下降的趋势,在6层以上的交通环境噪声随楼层高度的增高而下降。由此结合该小区周边环境以及已建成设施,提出三方面的防噪降噪的措施:(1)建立合适高度长度的隔声屏障;(2)使用绿化景观设计;(3)给房屋室内安装吸声降噪材料。     

新型公路隧道降噪吸音砂浆的制备工艺

文章根据公路隧道对降噪吸音材料的特殊要求,以水泥、陶砂、膨胀珍珠岩等材料为主要原料,结合一系列的拌制工艺,研制出一种环保无污染、防火、防撞击、施工方便快捷、喷覆式的新型隧道吸音材料--陶砂膨胀珍珠岩吸音砂浆,并采用驻波管法测试砂浆的吸音性能.     

Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

The effect of time on acoustic durability of low noise pavements – The case studies in Poland

The tyre/road noise depends on type and speed of vehicles and on the characteristics of road pavement. Vehicle traffic load and weather conditions lead to significant changes in the characteristics of the materials used to build the wearing course. This applies especially to road pavements with the increased void contents. Clogging of the pores, changes in the characteristics of the binder and the damage to the wearing course influence changes in the acoustic properties of the road pavement over time. The article presents the results of the studies on noise level carried out in 2011 and 2014 by the Statistical Pass-By method (SPB) on porous asphalt concrete (PAC), very thin asphalt concrete (VTAC) and stone mastic asphalt (SMA). The wearing courses with the increased void contents immediately after building constitute a very advantageous solution compared with traditional road pavements (dense asphalt concrete, stone mastic asphalt). However, the unfavourable location of the road with porous wearing course, lack of systematic cleaning of porous layers or inappropriate maintenance methods in winter lead to the loss of the acoustic durability of low-noise pavements within a few years of their exploitation.     

公路交通噪声监测方法和防治措施研究

本文分析了交通噪声产生的危害,强调交通噪声防治的重要性,结合现行高速公路交通噪声声环境功能区质量监测、衰减断面监测等监测方法,从路线选择、新技术运用、声传递控制等方面综述了可行且有效的交通噪声防治方法,并提出应基于降低噪声污染源源强角度出发,加强降噪路面及低噪声运输工具研发工作,从源头控制噪声污染,从根本上解决噪声污染问题的建议。     

The cumulative effect of nuisances from road transportation in residential sectors on the Island of Montreal – Identification of the most exposed groups and areas

Air pollution and road traffic noise are considered to be the two most important nuisances that could negatively affect the quality of life. A prolonged exposure to high concentrations of these pollutants could conduct to various health problems. Studies in environmental equity have often considered these nuisances individually whenever it comes from the same source. The main objective of this paper is to determine if the 15 years of age, those aged 65 and over, visible minorities and low income individuals located in a portion of the Island of Montreal are overrepresented in city blocks characterized by having among the highest levels of transportation-related air pollutants (i.e., ambient concentrations of NO₂ and road traffic noise in decibels (dB(A)). The results show that low-income individuals and, to a lesser extent, visible minorities, are significantly overrepresented in city blocks characterized by the higher levels of NO₂ and road traffic noise in dB(A). Multinomial logistic regression analysis confirms these results, and also shows that young people under 15 years are under-represented in the most polluted areas. However, contrary to the previous bivariate results, people aged 65 and over are negatively and significantly associated with the likelihood of their living in a city block located in an advantaged area after controlling for the independent effects of the other explanatory variables. Moreover, visible minorities are significantly overrepresented in advantaged areas. Considering the observed results, some solutions are identified to reduce road traffic noise and air pollution in the city blocks localized near major traffic arteries.