考虑底壁面效应影响的三维扑翼推进特性研究

本文采用重叠网格技术对考虑底壁面效应影响下的三维拍动翼的推进特性进行了数值模拟研究,计算时选取的特征雷诺数为1.0×104.数值模拟结果表明:底壁面的存在对拍动翼的水动力特性以及周围的流场结构都产生了很大影响;与无界流场相比,当拍动翼运动至底壁面附近时,将会产生明显的推力增大(高斯特哈尔数)现象,并且伴随着升力急剧增大;此外,由于拍动翼与壁面之间的相互作用,拍动翼周围的涡环变成了半月牙形.本文研究成果可为今后仿生扑翼的样机研制提供技术依据和参考.     

考虑壁面效应的摆动翼推进特性数值模拟

采用重叠网格技术对考虑壁面效应的摆动翼的推进特性进行数值模拟。系统地分析壁面距离、摆动运动幅值和无量纲频率f*对摆动翼推进特性的影响,并将其与自由流场中的摆动翼推进结果相对比。研究结果表明,摆动翼的推力随着壁面距离的减小呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,且存在最佳壁面距离对应最大推进效率。此外,对不同壁面距离下摆动翼后方的涡流场结构进行分析,从流动机理的角度对数值模拟结果进行解释。     

考虑侧壁面效应的拍动翼推进特性数值模拟研究

本文基于重叠网格技术,采用商业软件Fluent对考虑侧壁面效应下的拍动翼推进特性进行了数值模拟研究,系统地分析了不同侧壁面距离下的拍动翼推进特性。结合推力系数及推进效率,分析发现存在最优侧壁面距离。通过对不同侧壁面距离下拍动翼后方的涡流场结构及速度压力分布云图进行分析,从流动机理的角度对数值预报结果进行了解释。     

三维可压缩水气混合物射流冲击平板特性研究（英文）

根据质量和动量守恒方程,忽略流体的粘性,计入流体的可压缩性,建立水气混合物射流冲击平板问题的物理模型。采用内域双渐进方法对控制方程进行数值离散,平板边界和水域分别进行处理以满足各自的边界条件。数值结果与解析解及Autodyn的数值结果吻合较好。在验证方法合理性的基础上,深入地分析了含气量对射流冲击载荷特性的影响规律。数值结果表明:随着含气量的增加,冲击压力峰值将会显著地降低,而脉宽和射流冲击压力的极小值都会增大。     

考虑船体声散射效应的螺旋桨噪声频域预报（英文）

为了分析船体散射效应对船尾螺旋桨声场的影响,结合点源模型和边界元方法提出任意边界条件下螺旋桨噪声的频域预报方法,该方法可以分别计算螺旋桨的入射声场和船体散射声场,定量评估船体的声散射效应。文中以5415船型和大侧斜螺旋桨为对象,首先基于计算流体力学模拟“艇+桨”的瞬态流场特征,然后考虑船体的声散射效应,计算分析螺旋桨的声场特征。结果表明：螺旋桨的散射声场与入射声场存在较大差异,考虑船体声散射效应后,螺旋桨声压低于入射声压,且其影响不可忽略。     

存在底部起伏影响的近壁面处双层多孔栅栏陷波研究（英文）

Trapping of oblique surface gravity waves by dual porous barriers near a wall is studied in the presence of step type varying bottom bed that is connected on both sides by water of uniform depths. The porous barriers are assumed to be fixed at a certain distance in front of a vertical rigid wall. Using linear water wave theory and Darcy's law for flow past porous structure, the physical problem is converted into a boundary value problem. Using eigenfunction expansion in the uniform bottom bed region and modified mild-slope equation in the varying bottom bed region, the mathematical problem is handled for solution. Moreover, certain jump conditions are used to account for mass conservation at slope discontinuities in the bottom bed profile. To understand the effect of dual porous barriers in creating tranquility zone and minimum load on the sea wall, reflection coefficient, wave forces acting on the barrier and the wall, and surface wave elevation are computed and analyzed for different values of depth ratio, porous-effect parameter, incident wave angle, gap between the barriers and wall and slope length of undulated bottom. The study reveals that with moderate porosity and suitable gap between barriers and sea wall, using dual barriers an effective wave trapping system can be developed which will exert less wave force on the barriers and the rigid wall. The proposed wave trapping system is likely to be of immense help for protecting various facilities/infrastructures in coastal environment.     

磁流体推进稳定性的解析研究（英文）

In this paper an analytical solution for the stability of the fully developed flow drive in a magneto-hydro-dynamic pump with pulsating transverse Eletro-magnetic fields is presented. To do this, a theoretical model of the flow is developed and the analytical results are obtained for both the cylindrical and Cartesian configurations that are proper to use in the propulsion of marine vessels. The governing parabolic momentum PDEs are transformed into an ordinary differential equation using approximate velocity distribution. The numerical results are obtained and asymptotic analyses are built to discover the mathematical behavior of the solutions. The maximum velocity in a magneto-hydro-dynamic pump versus time for various values of the Stuart number, electro-magnetic interaction number, Reynolds number, aspect ratio, as well as the magnetic and electrical angular frequency and the shift of the phase angle is presented. Results show that for a high Stuart number there is a frequency limit for stability of the fluid flow in a certain direction of the flow. This stability frequency is dependent on the geometric parameters of a channel.     

绝热剪切效应对背水靶板的抗侵彻特性影响的研究（英文）

绝热剪切效应是材料破坏的重要机理之一。文章开展了动态冲击作用下的材料绝热剪切试验,计算了绝热条件下材料的塑性温度升高。建立了背水靶板的FEM全流固耦合模型,采用考虑了温度效应的Johnson-cook模型开展了爆炸破片侵彻舰船液舱舱壁过程的计算。结果表明:(1)材料在高应变率下的绝热温升不可忽略;(2)弹体侵彻背水靶板过程可分为4个典型阶段,分别为墩粗凿坑阶段、碰撞形成速度共同体阶段、绝热剪切阶段和扰动液体阶段;(3)考虑温度效应的剩余速度明显小于不考虑温度效应的剩余速度;速度较低时,是否考虑温度效应预测的剩余速度值差异较小,随着初始速度的增大,差异逐渐增大。     

三维空泡回射流的理论研究（英文）

空泡回射流以某个方向冲击空泡壁面是导致空泡发生不同脱落方式的重要原因,但是空泡回射流的方向目前认为是一个不确定量,需要人为指定。该文针对无界重力流场中的三维空泡,基于势流假设和积分方程推导了一个计算回射流角度和回射流截面面积的三角函数代数方程组,并且在小角度条件下给出了回射流角度和截面面积的理论解析式。研究表明,空泡回射流角度与空化器的攻角、阻力和空泡浮力有关。     

船用推进轴系统扭转和横向振动耦合效应（英文）

In this study,the coupled torsional-transverse vibration of a propeller shaft system owing to the misalignment caused by the shaft rotation was investigated.The proposed numerical model is based on the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model.The equation of motion describing the harmonic vibrations of the system was obtained using the Euler-Lagrange equations for the associated energy functional.Experiments considering different rotation speeds and axial loads acting on the propulsion shaft system were performed to verify the numerical model.The effects of system parameters such as shaft length and diameter,stiffness and damping coefficients,and cross-section eccentricity were also studied.The cross-section eccentricity increased the displacement response,yet coupled vibrations were not initially observed.With the increase in the eccentricity,the interaction between two vibration modes became apparent,and the agreement between numerical predictions and experimental measurements improved.Given the results,the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model can represent the coupled torsional-transverse vibration of propulsion shaft systems.     

喷水推进轴流泵的水力设计与空化特性分析（英文）

基于先进的叶片设计方法,本文采用NREC软件对喷水推进轴流泵（包括一排动叶和一排静叶）进行模型设计,进而采用标准k-ε湍流模型和混合多相流模型对其空化特性进行数值模拟,并借助“Schnerr Sauer”空化模型来探究空化导致扬程下降的机理。结果表明,随着有效汽蚀余量的减小,空化首先发生在叶轮进口端附近,然后向叶轮出口端、轮毂及相邻叶片方向扩展,其水汽混合混乱,反向回流而产生旋涡。另外,本文还研究了与泵内流场非线性耦合的叶片几何参数（叶片安装角、叶片拱度和叶片厚度等）对空化的影响规律。结果表明,叶片安装角减小或叶片拱度增加,空化面积将随之减小,这提高了喷水推进泵的抗空化能力,而叶片厚度对其性能影响不大。     

三维船体横摇运动数值模拟及舭龙骨阻尼特性研究（英文）

为研究舭龙骨阻尼特性及尺寸航速等因素的影响,本文基于计算流体动力学方法分别对有、无舭龙骨三维船体的自由横摇衰减运动以及强迫横摇运动进行数值模拟研究,有无舭龙骨的三维船体的横摇阻尼之差即为舭龙骨阻尼。对F_r=0.138、初始横摇角10°带舭龙骨船体的自由横摇衰减数值模拟算例作了验证与确认分析,自由横摇衰减时历曲线与实验结果吻合较好,固有周期和横摇阻尼精度较高。进一步分析研究了不同几何尺寸、初始横摇角、航速以及频率等参数对舭龙骨阻尼的影响。自由横摇衰减模拟研究中舭龙骨阻尼随着舭龙骨宽度、初始横摇角度的增大而增大;当航速为0时,舭龙骨阻尼在总阻尼占比最大,航速对舭龙骨阻尼绝对值影响较小。强迫横摇模拟研究表明:当横摇角一定,舭龙骨阻尼随着频率的增大而非线性增大,在固有频率附近,粘性效应不可忽略。     

考虑焊接效应的T型对接接头裂缝中的应力集中因子异常现象的数值研究（英文）

Industry design standards such as BS 7910 deployed some empirical formulas for the prediction of stress intensity factor(SIF) based on simulation results from traditional finite element method(FEM).However,such FEM simulation occasionally failed to convince people due to the large discrepancies compared with engineering practice.As a consequence,inaccuracy predictions via such formulas in engineering standards inevitably occur,which will compromise the safety of structures.In our previous research work,an abnormal phenomenon of SIF in a cracked T-butt joint accounting for welding effect has been observed.Compared with BS 7910,the calculation results of SIF at the surface points of welded specimens cannot be well predicted,with a large discrepancy appearing.In order to explore such problem with an abnormal increase at the surface points of cracked welded specimens,a numerical investigation in terms of SIF among BS 7910,XFEM,and FEM is performed in this paper.Numerical models on both a simple cracked plate without welding effect and a cracked T-butt joint with welding effect are developed through ABAQUS.Parametric studies in terms of the effects of varied crack depth to thickness ratio(a/T) and the effects of crack depth to crack half-length ratio(a/c) are carried out.Empirical solutions from BS 7910 are used for comparison.It is found that the XFEM can provide predictions of SIF at both the crack deepest point and crack surface point of a simple cracked plate as accurate as FEM.For a T-butt joint with a transverse stiffener,a large discrepancy in terms of the weld magnification factors(Mk) occurs at the crack surface point compared with empirical predictions.An exceptional increase of von Mises stress gradient in regions close to the weld-toe is found through the simulation of FEM,whereas a constant stress gradient is obtained through XFEM.The comparison results indicate an inappropriate prediction of SIF by the utilization of the empirical formulas in BS 7910.A more reasonable prediction of the SIF at the surface point of a crack is obtained by the XFEM.Therefore,further updating of the empirical solutions in BS7910 for SIF accounting for welding effect is recommended.     

细长体出水空泡特性实验研究（英文）

Experimental studies are carried out with slender bodies vertically exiting out of the water using a high-speed camera. The mechanisms for the formation, development, and collapse of the cavity around the slender body are explored. The dynamic characteristics of the shoulder cavity and the trail cavity during the water-exit of low-speed bodies are analyzed for various water depths and initial velocities. The results show that the initial velocity has a great influence on the formation, development, and collapse of the cavity. The length and the thickness of the shoulder cavity vary non-linearly with the depth.     

聚氨酯夹层隔振特性及模型试验研究（英文）

The vibration isolation performances of typical hull structure with viscoelastic interlayer are analyzed according to wave theory,and the influences of interlayer Young’s modulus and length on the vibration reduction are discussed.The theoretical analysis shows that combination of polyurethane interlayer with blocking mass can enhance the vibration isolation performance and expand isolation frequency band.In order to verify the effectiveness of polyurethane interlayer,the model test of power cabin’s vibration is carried out.The test data shows that the reduction of 20–1 000 Hz variation acoustic level at hull shell is more than 5 dB.     

螺旋桨空泡和噪声特性试验研究（英文）

本文通过螺旋桨空泡噪声模型试验,研究螺旋桨空泡和噪声特征,以及螺旋桨不同阶段空泡和噪声的关系,探究螺旋桨噪声产生及控制机理。建立了螺旋桨空泡和噪声同步测试方法,针对2400 TEU集装箱船螺旋桨开展模型试验。从螺旋桨模型试验结果分析得出:片空泡脱落形成梢涡空泡产生的噪声量级最高,且具有宽带特性,梢涡空泡噪声量级次之;模型状态下片空泡脱落形成梢涡空泡,以及独立的梢涡空泡引起的空泡噪声均在1 000 Hz附近存在明显峰值,对应实桨的峰值频率为50-60 Hz。     

基于CFD的海洋污底和防污涂层壁面阻力特性影响分析

针对普遍存在于船舶运行过程中海洋污底附着导致阻力增加的问题及防污涂层自身的阻力效应,基于计算流体力学方法(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)建立了NACA-4424翼型和SUBOFF潜艇两种典型模型的阻力计算模型,通过模型对海洋污底的增阻效果和防污涂层本身的阻力效应进行评估,实现不同尺度和不同程度粗糙工况下壁面阻力变化的定量分析.研究表明：计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,验证了模拟方法的可靠性;污底的存在使翼型阻力大幅增加,升阻比降低高达80%;防污涂层虽有降低污底影响的作用,但其本身具有的粗糙度影响也是不可忽略的.     

平台运动影响下张力腿涡激振动特性研究（英文）

张力腿涡激振动易引起系泊系统的疲劳损伤,危害张力腿平台的安全性和可靠性。该文借鉴细长立管涡激振动的相关研究,同时考虑张力腿与立管在截面尺度、预张力大小以及边界条件存在的巨大差距,采用切片理论结合CFD数值模拟方法,对平台运动影响下张力腿涡激振动开展了研究。考虑定常张力与时变张力对涡激振动的影响,采用GAMBIT软件分区建立了多切片计算网格,将编制求解涡激振动的UDF程序嵌入Fluent软件中,采用动网格技术实现流场的更新并计算作用于张力腿上的瞬时升力和拖曳力。文中还比较了仅考虑流和考虑浪、流联合作用张力腿的时变张力影响,研究了两种典型波高共计六种工况,计算结果表明:随着流速的增加,各模态权重比例将发生跳转现象;尽管由于平台运动导致张力腿受力的随机性,但平台运动对张力腿涡激振动影响较小。     

基于重叠网格理论的拍动翼推进特性研究

基于重叠网格技术对拍动翼运动进行数值模拟研究。系统地分析拍动翼的运动参数(包括升沉俯仰相位差、俯仰幅值及斯特劳哈尔数等)对推进性能的影响。结合推进效率及拍动翼后方的涡流场结构确立最佳运动参数。该求解方法可为其他动边界问题的处理提供参考。     

考虑海底地形影响的三模块超大型浮体水弹性响应分析（英文）

基于Boussinesq方程和经典水弹性理论,提出一种可预报布置在近岸或岛礁附近浮式结构物水弹性响应的直接耦合分析方法。文中给出了详细的理论推导、数值求解方法和相应的计算程序THAFTS-BR。基于该程序对均匀和不均匀海底地形条件下三模块超大型浮体运动和连接器载荷响应进行了计算并与相应的水池模型试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,复杂海底地形对超大型浮体的动响应有重要影响。文中给出的结论可为复杂海底地形下多模块超大型浮体及其连接器的动响应分析、设计与制造提供参考。