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Traffic forecasts provide essential input for the appraisal of transport investment projects. However, according to recent
empirical evidence, long-term predictions are subject to high levels of uncertainty. This article quantifies uncertainty in
traffic forecasts for the tolled motorway network in Spain. Uncertainty is quantified in the form of a confidence interval
for the traffic forecast that includes both model uncertainty and input uncertainty. We apply a stochastic simulation process
based on bootstrapping techniques. Furthermore, the article proposes a new methodology to account for capacity constraints
in long-term traffic forecasts. Specifically, we suggest a dynamic model in which the speed of adjustment is related to the
ratio between the actual traffic flow and the maximum capacity of the motorway. As an illustrative example, this methodology
is applied to a specific public policy that consists of suppressing the toll on a certain motorway section before the concession
expires. 相似文献
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AbstractThe growing popularity of electric devices and the increasing number of hybrid and electric cars have recently raised concerns about the use of auditory signals by vulnerable road users. This paper consolidates current knowledge about the two trends in relation to cycling safety. Both a literature review and a crash data analysis were carried out. Based on a proposed conceptual model, knowledge gaps are identified that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the relation between limitations on auditory information while cycling. Results suggest that the concerns regarding the use of electronic devices while cycling and the advent of hybrid and electric vehicles are justified. Listening to music and conversing on the phone negatively influence cyclists’ auditory perception, self-reported crash risk and cycling performance. With regard to electric cars, a recurring problem is their quietness at low speeds. Implications of these findings in terms of cycling safety are discussed. 相似文献
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列车运行阻力是影响列车能耗的主要因素,文章基于车辆运行阻力公式以及线路附加阻力公式,通过对跨座式单轨车辆运行阻力的分析及其与地铁车辆运行阻力的对比,得出跨座式单轨车辆的基本阻力与线路附加阻力关系、单轨跨座车辆与地铁车辆运行阻力的关系等特点,可为跨座式单轨交通项目的牵引能耗计算以及节能分析工作提供参考。 相似文献
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龙溪隧道出口段主要有表层覆盖层和下伏基岩组成.文章根据边坡地形地貌以及地质结构分析了隧道在地震作用下的变形破裂特征.在此基础上,运用ansys有限元软件对龙溪隧道在Ⅺ度地震烈度荷载作用下的动力响应进行分析,并结合5·12地震后的现场调查,将数值模拟结果与现场的破坏现象进行了对比,得出地震作用下隧道洞口横向边坡的动力反应从坡内向坡外、坡底向坡顶整体上呈逐步放大的趋势;从洞口至基岩与崩坡积分界面处,变形主要在隧道管段之间的接缝处发牛相对错动,并且有逐渐减弱的趋势;在隧道基岩与覆盖层分界面上,隧道衬砌变形量发生突变,衬砌开裂方向与基覆界面产状基本一致,从分界面向内,衬砌变形变得不明显.研究这一变形破坏现象,对认识隧道洞口段在地震作用下的变形破坏规律及极震区隧道洞口段的抗震结构设计具有重要意义. 相似文献
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为研究实时交通信息影响下的出行者出行中路径选择行为,基于效用理论,建立了出行者出行的路径效用最大化的选择规划模型.将出行者的出行路径分割为在决策点的多次路径决策,并利用动态规划方法求解效用最大的路径,得到的结果即交通信息影响下的最优路径.同时,在算例分析中,模拟实时路况的变化,在每个决策点动态加载交通信息,并引入出行者对信息的信任度概念和出行者对信息的信任度学习过程,使得模型可以更加准确描述实际决策过程.算例结果表明,实时交通信息可以有效提升出行者地实际出行效用,并且随着信任度地增加,出行者获得的收益越高. 相似文献
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文章从经济学角度分析了导致兰州市交通拥堵的主要原因,并通过将社会影响作为成本、将尾号限行在缓解交通拥堵方面取得的成果作为收益对小汽车尾号限行政策进行成本-效益分析,验证尾号限行措施的有效性,并提出了解决兰州市交通拥堵的建议. 相似文献