柴油与LPG/柴油双燃料喷雾特性的对比

采用高分辨率数码照相机对柴油与LPG／柴油混合喷雾特性进行了对比研究。结果表明，随着LPG掺混比的增大，喷雾油滴的平均直径减小，油滴尺寸数目分布曲线向小颗粒方向偏移，小颗粒油滴数目增多，雾化质量提高，使发动机碳烟排放大幅度降低；大颗粒油滴尺寸变化不大，小颗粒油滴尺寸变小，相对尺寸范围和发散边界扩大。随着喷雾贯穿距离的增大，柴油油滴的粒度增大；混合燃料的油滴尺寸的数目分布向小颗粒偏移，累积容积油滴直径则增大；相对尺寸范围和发散边界呈减小趋势，油滴容积分布在较大油滴的范围内渐趋均匀；喷射距离较长，油束射程总是等于油束到达燃烧室壁面的最大距离。     

A Solution Processable Flexible Transparent Conductive Graphene/PEDOT: PSS Film Fabricated by Spin and Blade Coating

Flexible transparent conductive films were made on PET substrates by spin and blade coating, using graphene sheets dispersed in PEDOT: PSS solution. Ultrasonic substrate vibration was used to improve microstructure and properties of the films. Comparing to the pristine PEDOT: PSS film, the sheet resistance is 3 to 4 orders of magnitude lower with the addition of graphene. The conductivity and reproducibility of the film are improved for two-layer films comparing to one-layer films, with a reduction in transparency. Films prepared with substrate vibration showed lower sheet resistance for one-layer films, as the size of dewetting areas is reduced. In addition, large-area flexible films with desirable conductivity and transmittance were successfully fabricated by blade coating, which is promising, as the process is low-cost, scalable and compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of splat formation on substrates in plasma spraying

Plasma sprayed coatings are built up by the accumulation of splats formed by the impacting, spreading and solidifying of molten droplets on the substrate. A three-dimensional computational model including heat transfer and solidification is established to simulate the formation process of a single splat using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, FLUENT. The fluid flow and energy equations are discretized and solved according to typical finite volume method on an unstructured grid. A volume of fluid (VOF) tracking algorithm is used to track the droplet flow with free surface. In order to understand the splat formation mechanism, the process of splat formation caused by impacting and spreading of a molten nickel droplet on a polished mild steel surface is simulated. On this basis, the simulations of impact of a molten droplet on substrate with different conditions including the surface morphology, thermal conductivity, initial temperature of the substrate and the thermal contact resistance are presented. The results clearly show the effect of those parameters on the shape of the final splat and splash behaviors.     

氧—乙炔火焰熔凝Ni—Cr—B—Si—合金粉末等离子喷涂层的研究

用氧—乙炔火焰对Ni—Cr—B—Si合金粉末等离子喷涂层进行了快速熔凝处理,这种工艺不同于传统的二步法喷焊,它保持了喷涂法涂层薄,基体受热影响小等优点,同时又具有喷焊法组织致密,结合力强等优点,实验结果表明,经氧—乙炔焰熔凝处理后,喷涂层的耐磨性和抗蚀性都有明显提高。     

阴极电泳涂装金属表面处理剂的研究

为了解决阴极电泳涂装对表面处理剂的特殊要求和实现处理过程中的节能、减少环境污染等问题，研究出与阴极电泳涂装配套的低温快速磷化剂、低温无磷脱脂剂、胶体钛表面处理剂、新型复合有机促进剂，解决了传统的磷酸盐脱脂剂、促进剂对环境的污染；确定了碱度、酸度、温度等最佳工艺条件，测定了磷化膜的晶型结构和相关性能。结果表明，新型金属表面处理剂处理速度快、温度低、沉渣少、寿命长、无毒环保，磷化剂所得磷化膜为片状聚晶型体结构，膜薄而致密、耐碱性强，与阴极电泳涂装配套性能优异，涂层附着力强，耐腐蚀性能优异。     

雾化液滴尺寸和速度分布函数的推导

为了增强雾化液滴质量和热量的传递,有效预测与评价喷雾质量,应用最大熵原理和动量守恒定律推导出了新的雾化液滴尺寸和速度的概率密度分布函数,包括数目分布函数、数目微分分布函数、体积分布函数、体积微分分布函数与总体积公式。当不考虑速度分布时,推导的喷雾液滴尺寸分布与曹建明先前推导的尺寸分布具有完全相同的形式,其分布函数是Nukiyama-Tanasawa型雾化液滴尺寸分布函数的一种特定形式,推导结果具有普适意义。     

基于最大熵原理的喷雾液滴尺寸和速度联合分布函数

应用最大熵原理和动量守恒定律,从理论上建立了喷雾液滴尺寸和速度联合分布函数。应用该方程编制数值计算程序,对纯柴油与质量掺混比为30%(L30)的柴油/液化石油气(LPG)混合燃料的喷雾液滴尺寸和速度联合分布进行了数值计算,比较了两种燃料的雾化特性。比较结果表明:由于L30闪急沸腾效应的影响,其液滴尺寸分布曲线的峰值明显高于柴油的分布曲线峰值,且峰值和曲线整体趋势都向小颗粒方向偏移,说明喷射L30产生的液滴颗粒比柴油颗粒小;L30的速度分布曲线峰值较高,且位于小速度范围,说明小速度液滴所占的比例更大。液滴尺寸与速度(D-u)等高线图表明:液滴颗粒越小,其速度分布范围越广;液滴速度越小,其尺寸分布范围越大。L30液滴尺寸与速度联合分布的收敛速度较快,说明L30喷雾所产生的小颗粒和小速度液滴更加密集,雾化质量更佳。     

Experimental Investigation of Spray Evaporation in Turbulent Flow in Countercurrent Humidifier

IntroductionThe HAT( humid air turbine) cycle is an ad-vanced power generation system with high efficien-cy,low cost,high specific power,excellentoff- de-sign performance and low NOx emissions withoutcomplex system introduction.It has aroused con-siderable interest,and is predicted as an advancedthermal power cycle for this century[1] .The proto-type of modern HAT cycle was proposed by Morietal.,and gotmuch progress recently.HAT cycleuses a working fluid of air,water and steam mix-ture,an…     

多次纺丝与退火对 ITO 薄膜表面均匀性的影响

通过多次纺丝与退火工艺在普通玻璃载玻片上制备ITO透明导电薄膜，研究了退火工艺对薄膜表面形貌的影响。结果表明：退火不仅提高了ITO颗粒的洁净程度，同时减小了其在薄膜表面的粒径分布。多次纺丝与退火可以提高ITO颗粒的覆盖密度，得到致密性比较好、表面缺陷比较少、表面粗糙度比较小、均匀平整的透明导电薄膜。     

溶胶－凝胶法制备氧化铝薄膜

以异丙醇铝为原料，研究了溶胶的浓度、粘度及加入电解质的种类，电解质的浓度和焙烧温度等条件对成膜的影响．     

三氧化钨薄膜的制备及其亲水/疏水性能转变研究

在预先用聚多巴胺薄膜处理的玻璃基底上,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出三氧化钨(WO3)薄膜,用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征手段来分析其物相组成和形貌特征.对WO3薄膜在UV光照射下和黑暗的环境中发生亲水/疏水转换的现象进行研究,最后得出WO3薄膜表面润湿性转化的机理.     

Effect of LaNiO3 Interlayer on the Dielectric Properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Thin Film on Si Substrate

In this study, (100)-oriented growth of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) /LaNiO3 (LNO) stacks was obtained on Pt(lll)/SiO2/Si substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The orientation of the subsequently deposited Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin film was strongly affected by the LNO under layer, and the BST thin film deposited on the (100)LNO-coated Si substrate was also found to have a significant (100)-oriented texture. Effects of LNO interlayer on the dielectric properties of BST thin films were investigated. As a result, the tunability of BST thin film was greatly improved with the insertion of (100)-oriented LNO under layer with proper thickness.     

Microstructure of hot-dip galvanized Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating

The microstructure of hot-dip galvanized Zn-11%Al-3%Mg-0.2%Si alloy coating was studied in this article. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the coating is composed by Zn, Al and MgZn₂ phase. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed the coating is occupied by snowflake-like dendrite, double hexagonal organization and eutectic. The coating backbone was the dendrite considered to be a phase of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure judging form its morphology according to the crystal growth way in the coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) researches on the dendrite suggested that an intermediate Zn-Al phase was formed at high temperature, then decomposed into a type of Zn-Al granular eutectoid after cooling down to room temperature, while the eutectoid Zn and Al had a certain crystallographic relationship. The coating solidification process and the grain crystal structure were discussed.     

酞菁铜薄膜制备及其光学性能

采用真空蒸发的方法在ITO玻璃上制备了CuPc薄膜,并用分光光度计（U-3310）测试了四种不同厚度的CuPc薄膜的透射/吸收/反射率随波长变化情况,重点分析了其中的吸收规律.结果显示波段在340~370 nm和570~720 nm光吸收率基本上在90%左右,在480 nm吸收率最低,大部分光都已透射.同时用扫描电子显微镜对薄膜进行了成分分析,对照能谱图可以看出样品中含有碳、氧、铜等元素,与酞菁铜薄膜元素组成成分相符.     

圆锥面组合曲面的喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹优化

为解决圆锥面组合特征曲面喷枪轨迹优化时涂层均匀性较差的问题,根据圆锥面的几何特点,给出了 圆锥面上的喷枪轨迹生成方法.基于喷枪3D模型在圆锥面上的喷枪轨迹优化方法,讨论了圆锥面组合时面片交 界处的喷涂轨迹优化方法,建立优化目标函数,并优化了相关的喷枪参数.仿真结果表明:优化后的涂层厚度满 足涂层质量要求;与一般方法相比,其涂层厚度最大值、最小值与理想值间的误差分别降低0.4和1.0m;同向 面片组合时的涂层厚度最大值、最小值与理想值间的误差比反向时的误差分别降低0.8和1.4m.      

Sol-Gel提拉法制备ZAO薄膜及其光电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel）浸渍提拉法（基于组装的小型提拉装置）在普通玻璃片上制备出ZnO：Al（ZAO）薄膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见分光光度计、数字式四探针测试仪等检测手段分别对其进行了分析比较。结果表明：Al^3＋浓度为1．0％的ZAO薄膜表面最为致密均匀;随着退火温度的提高,薄膜的晶体平均粒径明显增大,电阻率逐渐减小;不同掺Al量的ZAO薄膜在可见光区的平均透光率均在70％以上,当Al^3＋浓度为1．5％时,550℃退火2h,电阻率最小,为5．9×10^-2Ω·cm。     

不同氟化物对钛合金焊接工艺性能的影响

研究通过配置不同配方的药芯焊丝,对钛板进行堆焊.针对堆焊过程中出现的不同试验现象进行统计,并从电弧稳定性、飞溅大小、熔渣脱渣性、焊缝表面成形及气孔等方面,分析钛药芯焊丝中氟化物对其工艺性能的影响.试验结果表明,C组通过BaF2取代CaF2后,电弧稳定性较高,飞溅较小,同时熔渣覆盖均匀,保护效果好,能够实现焊缝成形美观,焊接工艺性能最好.而A组由于冰晶石在熔池中分解,形成气泡放出型飞溅,导致焊缝成形很差.残留于渣中的冰晶石降低了熔渣的流动性,焊缝熔渣没有出现中间薄而两边厚的情况.B组由于Na2 SiF6分解温度较低,Na2 SiF6分解产生的NaF增大了熔渣的流动性,导致焊缝中间熔渣薄而边缘较厚.三组焊缝中均未出现气孔.     

影响Ni—P合金镀层结合力因素的研究

本文用自制的划痕试验机研究了影响Ni-P合金镀层结合力的因素,分析了划痕试验时锭层开裂、剥离的情况,观察了镀后加热温度、基体硬度等对划痕形貌的影响规律,并用B-W公式计算了试样的结合力。结果表明,镀后加热温度越高,镀层厚度越厚,基体硬度越高,结合力越大。     

WC-17%Co等离子喷涂层组织结构及磨损性能研究

研究了等离子喷涂WC-17%Co涂层的显微结构、相组成、平均硬度和磨损形貌、耐磨性能。结果表明:涂层硬度较高,喷涂层发生了物相转变。涂层具有很高的耐磨性能,磨损机制以剥落磨损为主。     

Numerical simulation of non-destructive testing of stainless steel composites plate by infrared thermography

The non-destructive testing (NDT) of debonding in stainless steel composites plate (SSCP) is performed by infrared thermography, finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS is taken as the simulative tool, and 2D simulative model has been set up to investigate effect of the thickness of coating and/or substrate on the detectibility of debonging in SSCPs. Two parameters, namely the maximum defect temperature difference and defect appearing index, are defined to evaluate the detectivity of defects, and their computational methods and formulas are given respectively. The preliminary changing tendency of the maximum defect temperature difference and defect appearing index with the thickness of coating and/or substrate is found by numerical simulation.