多种概率分布的随机参数结构屈曲特征值分析

采用随机收敛的非正交的多项式展式表示未知的随机屈曲特征对,对随机结构的随机变量在服从多种概率分布情况下的屈曲特征值进行了研究.算例表明,对于服从多种概率分布的随机结构屈曲特征值问题,当参数变异性较大时,即使只采用前4阶非正交多项式展式,逼近的结果仍然较好.计算结果还表明,如果把非高斯分布的随机参数模型用高斯分布模型进行分析,将给研究带来相当大的误差,而且这种误差随参数变异性的增大而增大.     

沥青路面裂纹扩展数值模拟及影响因素分析

应用线弹性断裂力学理论结合同时考虑交通与温度载荷的有限元方法来研究沥青路面裂纹扩展路径.采用1/4等参奇异性单元模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,运用窗口移动技术模拟裂纹扩展路径,并发展了沥青路面裂纹扩展模拟程序.应用该程序模拟了不同荷载作用位置下路面结构中表面和基层底面裂纹的扩展情况,同时研究了路面结构层模量组合对沥青路面裂纹扩展的影响.模拟表明,该方法能较好地模拟裂纹扩展行为,有助于更好地了解沥青路面的开裂行为.     

沥青路面裂纹扩展数值模拟及影响因素分析

应用线弹性断裂力学理论结合同时考虑交通与温度载荷的有限元方法来研究沥青路面裂纹扩展路径.采用1/4等参奇异性单元模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,运用窗口移动技术模拟裂纹扩展路径,并发展了沥青路面裂纹扩展模拟程序.应用该程序模拟了不同荷载作用位置下路面结构中表面和基层底面裂纹的扩展情况,同时研究了路面结构层模量组合对沥青路面裂纹扩展的影响.模拟表明,该方法能较好地模拟裂纹扩展行为,有助于更好地了解沥青路面的开裂行为.     

三维应力奇异单元自动生成的通用算法

用1/4奇异单元模拟裂纹尖端奇异性已经成为断裂力学数值计算的重要手段.目前三维奇异单元主要是靠人工手动生成奇异节点,然后再生成单元,这种方法工作量大、效率低,尤其是对复杂结构或裂纹形状更是难以实现.这里研究了各种形状三维奇异单元自动化生成的通用算法,并编制了计算程序,最后通过算例验证了算法的正确性.     

钢筋混凝土结构锈胀裂缝的计算机模拟

根据钢筋混凝土锈胀动力学原理,推导出锈蚀钢筋周围混凝土锈胀位移场的表达式。并用基于虚拟裂缝模型（ＦＭ）的非线性有限元方法,建立了钢筋混凝土结构的锈胀裂缝开裂过程的分析模型,利用编制的程序,对钢筋混凝土构件的锈裂过程进行了计算机模拟,结果表明,该模型为获得了锈胀开裂条件以及锈蚀量与锈胀裂缝宽度之间的定量关系提供了可能。     

基于相互积分的应力强度因子数值分析

应力强度因子可反映裂纹尖端弹性应力场的强弱,是解决结构疲劳断裂问题的重要参数。工程上常采用有限元分析软件对各种复杂裂纹体进行数值模拟进而求解断裂问题。有限元分析软件ANSYS提供后处理功能可直接计算各种断裂参数。借助ANASYS计算平台,分别采用传统的位移插值法和基于相互积分的数值方法可求得张开型二维及三维裂纹应力强度因子。将数值分析结果与二维裂纹的解析解和三维裂纹扩展实验的测量结果进行对比分析后发现,基于相互积分理论求得的应力强度因子更为精确,这种优势在三维裂纹数值分析中更为显著。     

带表面裂纹连续梁损伤识别的曲率模态小波分析

以带横向非对称非贯通表面裂纹的连续梁为研究对象,利用小波奇异性检测原理,提出了带表面裂纹连续梁损伤识别小波分析方法.以带表面裂纹连续梁三维有限元分析求解梁的位移模态为基础,利用中心差分法得到梁的曲率模态,再用sym4小波对曲率模态进行连续小波变换,根据小波系数模极大值识别损伤位置,以一个三跨连续梁内两处半椭圆形表面裂纹的损伤识别为例,通过数值计算分析,验证了方法的有效性.同时,计算结果表明,运用曲率模态小波变换识别连续梁损伤比基本振型的小波变换方法更为准确、有效.该研究对带表面裂纹结构的损伤诊断应用具有参考价值.     

磁电弹性材料断裂力学研究现状

磁电弹性材料断裂问题已成为力学研究工作者的研究热点。全面回顾了近年来磁电弹性材料断裂力学的研究现状,主要讨论了：反平面裂纹问题、平面裂纹问题、硬币型裂纹问题以及有限元、边界元和无网格法在磁电弹性材料断裂问题中的应用。     

Numerical Study of Quasi-Static Crack Growth Problems Based on Extended Finite Element Method

The extended finite element method（XFEM） is a numerical method for modeling discontinuities within a classical finite element framework. Based on the algorithm of XFEM, the major factors such as integral domain factor and mesh density which all influence the calculation accuracy of stress intensity factor（SIF） are discussed,and the proper parameters to calculate the SIF are given. The results from the case analysis demonstrate that the crack path is the most sensitive to the crack growth increment size, and the crack path is not mesh-sensitive. A reanalysis method for the XFEM has been introduced. The example presented shows that there is a significantly reduced computational cost for each iteration of crack growth achieved by using the reanalysis method and the reanalysis approach has increasing benefits as the mesh density increases or the value of crack growth increments size decreases.     

Application of PETSc in soil-water coupled geotechnical problems

In this paper, parallel library, portable extensible toolkit for scientific computation (PETSc), is used to solve linear systems in soil-water coupled finite element method (FEM) for geotechnical problems. The parallel environment is integrated into GLEAVES, which is a geotechnical software package used for the finite element simulation. The linear system ·· = · which is a fundamental and the most time-consuming part of the FEM is solved with iterative solvers in PETSc. In order to find a robust and effective combination of iterative solvers and corresponding preconditioners for the soil-water coupled problems, performance evaluations on Krylov subspace methods and four preconditioners are carried out. The results indicate that general minimal residual (GMRES) method coupled with preconditioners can provide an effective solution. The application to a construction project is presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed solution.     

三维夹层映射无限元

提出三维10结点映射夹层无限元模型及相应模式。在半无限区域的岩土工程中,用此单元与夹层有限单元耦合系统模拟无限区域的软弱夹层,与常规的有限元法相比,取较小的计算范围,就能得到较高的计算精度。采用此模型,将节省大量的数据准备工作量和机时,具有显著的经济性。此模型还具有概念清晰,编制程序简单,易于在微机上实现的特点。通过赋存软弱夹层的半无限地基在法向荷载作用下的算例分析,表明此模型具有的优越性。     

Method for Predicting Crack Initiation Life of Notched Specimen Based on Damage Mechanics

Based on the theory of damage mechanics, a method for fatigue crack initiation life prediction of notched components is proposed in this paper. The damage evolution equation of notched specimen under tensioncompression loading is obtained in term of closed-form solution. The crack initiation life of notched specimen is estimated by the proposed method even when material and stress concentration factor are different. It has been verified that the result calculated by the proposed method agrees with the experimental result. The proposed method is concise, effective and feasible to practical application.     

基于深度图像的机场道面裂缝自动检测算法

为了实现强噪声、弱光照、低对比度条件下的机场道面细小裂缝检测, 设计了基于深度图像的机场道面裂缝检测算法; 将采集到的深度图像划分成多个网格, 并对每个网格进行扩充, 获得了局部道面区域; 针对每个网格区域, 基于随机抽样一致算法进行局部三次曲面构建和优化估计; 在此基础上, 在全局尺度下融合全部网格区域的曲面模型, 生成整个图像采集区域道面的全局曲面模型; 利用全局曲面模型与原始深度图像之间的差值图像, 采用自适应阈值方法分割出候选裂缝像素, 并利用裂缝的像素总数、长度以及长宽比等多种形态学约束筛选候选裂缝像素, 去除错误的候选裂缝像素, 从而获得了最终的裂缝检测结果; 在机场道面深度图像数据集上进行了试验, 以人工标注结果作为真实值, 以准确率、召回率以及F值作为量化评估指标, 将提出的算法分别与4种有代表性的传统算法进行了对比。试验结果表明: 传统算法能够取得的最高准确率、召回率以及F值分别为77.05%、41.02%和50.02%, 提出的算法在准确率、召回率和F值3个指标上均有明显优势, 其均值分别为91.20%、97.99%和94.12%;提出的算法能够在分辨率为1 984像素×2 000像素的深度图像上检测出最小宽度为3 mm、最小长度为10 cm的裂缝, 实现了在复杂机场道面场景中识别细小裂缝的目标。      

沥青层底裂缝几何函数和权函数分析

为了更好分析沥青路面的裂缝开裂问题，以裂缝面受均匀拉应力为参考荷载，利用有限元方法计算出不同沥青层底裂缝长度的应力强度因子，从而得到不同裂缝长度的离散几何函数值，再根据这些离散几何函数值，为沥青层底裂缝拟合出了3个几何函数F(a/b）。并利用另外两种荷载对这3个几何函分别进行了检验，用3个数根据汉函数理论计算出的应力强度因子和有限元计算出的应力强度因子在所有计算范围内都吻合得很好。利用这几何函数得到了裂缝所有计算范围的权函数，并绘图进行了对比分析。     

Numerical analysis of crack under compression by 3D displacement discontinuity method

A 3D displacement discontinuity method is applied to solve the fracture mechanics problems of the mixed mode crack under compression. Friction between the surface of the closed crack is considered by establishing a simple and efficient iterative algorithm based on method of contact resistance mitigation. On the surfaces of the closed crack, the Mohr-coulomb rule is satisfied by iteration when the crack is in condition of sliding. The stress intensity factors are obtained using displacement fitting method. It is shown that the numerical results agree with the experimental results well and that friction plays an important role in resisting crack propagation.     

基于XFEM的混凝土开裂数值模拟研究

扩展有限元法(XFEM)是近年来发展起来的分析不连续问题(特别是断裂问题)的一种有效方法。介绍了扩展有限元法的基本原理,给出了采用扩展有限元法进行混凝土开裂、裂纹扩展分析的方法,最后采用扩展有限元法模拟了含初始裂纹的混凝土试件和重力坝的开裂扩展过程,分析了其位移、应力场分布规律。算例表明扩展有限元法在进行断裂分析时克服了常规有限元法的缺点,避免了常规有限元法在分析断裂问题时繁琐的前处理过程,不需要裂纹面与有限元网格一致,不需要在裂缝周围布置高密度网格,模拟裂纹扩展过程时不需要不断地重新划分网格,展示了扩展有限元法在裂纹扩展分析中的独特优势。     

Optimal thrust allocation logic design of dynamic positioning with pseudo-inverse method

This article presents a method named pseudo-inverse to solve the optimal thrust allocation of dynamic positioning (DP) system, proposes to optimally determine the azimuth angle of thrusters instead of man-control or semi-auto control, and combines with the pseudo-inverse methods to get the optimal solutions for dynamic positioning control system. It is able to greatly reduce the risk of manual mode. Three different kinds of modes are proposed and detailedly illuminated, and can be used to solve much more complex nonlinear constraint problems, such as typical forbidden vector boundary. Several illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed thrust allocation modes.     

Development of the large increment method in analysis for thin and moderately thick plates

Many displacement-based quadrilateral plate elements based on Mindlin-Reissner plate theory have been proposed to analyze the thin and moderately thick plate problems. However, numerical inaccuracies of some elements appear since the presence of shear locking and spurious zero energy modes for thin plate problems. To overcome these shortcomings, we employ the large increment method （LIM） for the analyses of the plate bending problems, and propose a force-based 8-node quadrilateral plate （8NQP） element which is based on Mindlin- Reissner plate theory and has no extra spurious zero energy mode. Several benchmark plate bending problems are presented to illustrate the accuracy and convergence of the plate element by comparing with the analytical solutions and displacement-based plate elements. The results show that the 8-node plate element produces fast convergence and accurate stress distributions in both the moderately thick and thin plate bending problems. The plate element is insensitive to mesh distortion and it can avoid the shear locking for thin plate analysis.     

裂纹切割法及其应用

本文从柱体的扭转－弯曲问题的一般情况出发，介绍裂纹切割法的基本思想。首先给出单裂纹扭转－弯曲问题基本解，然后以弓形截面柱体的扭转为例，说明裂纹切割法的具体应用，并给出有关的数学公式和计算结果。     

沥青路面表面裂纹扩展模拟及影响因素分析

用基于线弹性断裂力学的有限元法，计算了3种深度路面表面裂纹分别在5种载荷(工况)作用下的应力强度因子及裂纹起裂角，模拟了表面裂纹向下扩展的路径，并分析了路面结构层组合和温度对沥青路面表面裂纹扩展的影响．结果表明，温度、结构层厚度和面层弹性模量对裂纹扩展有明显的影响，且表面裂纹深度越大，影响越显著．